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1、北京2019中考英語閱讀理解（十）專題十八 閱讀理解第10講 閱讀理解解題方法指導(dǎo)教學(xué)目標(biāo)1. 掌握北京中考閱讀理解CD篇的命題規(guī)律；2. 掌握北京中考閱讀理解CD篇的解題方法；3. 掌握北京中考閱讀理解CD篇的高頻詞。名師點撥北京中考閱讀理解CD篇命題規(guī)律總結(jié)閱讀理解能力的培養(yǎng)是中學(xué)英語學(xué)習(xí)的一項重要任務(wù)，也是中考的一項重要內(nèi)容。中考閱讀理解主要考察學(xué)生的語篇閱讀能力、分析和判斷能力。要求學(xué)生能較快地通過閱讀理解短文大意，獲取其中的主要信息，能做出正確判斷，然后根據(jù)試題的要求從A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳答案。近年來逐漸顯現(xiàn)出文章易懂，但選題較難的趨勢，要求閱讀速度為每分鐘約40-50詞

2、。北京中考閱讀理解CD篇的閱讀材料的選取一般遵循三個原則：1. 閱讀量約在350-450字之間；2. 題材廣泛，包括日常生活類、人生百味類、科普環(huán)保類、教育類和社會現(xiàn)象類等；3. 體裁多樣，以議論文和說明文為主。北京中考閱讀理解CD篇考察的主要內(nèi)容是：1. 考查把握文章的事實和細(xì)節(jié)的能力；2. 考查依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和考生應(yīng)有的常識進(jìn)行推理和判斷的能力；3. 考查根據(jù)上下文猜測生詞的含義的能力；4. 考查推斷作者意圖和態(tài)度的能力；5. 考查掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意的能力。建議：平時閱讀理解要加強科普類、議論類文章的閱讀，做題方法不要只停留在機械尋找信息上，注重文章寫作結(jié)構(gòu)、主旨大意、觀點態(tài)度的理解上

3、，閱讀英文原著，不要局限于中考試題。北京中考閱讀理解CD篇解題方法指導(dǎo)一、閱讀理解解題步驟第一步快速瀏覽全文，了解文章大概。瀏覽時要注意以下句子：每段的開頭和結(jié)尾，重要的情節(jié)句子，如果遇到未學(xué)或不認(rèn)識的單詞或不理解的句子，可以根據(jù)上下文猜測，切不可停留而放慢速度。第二步瀏覽問題，明確要求。把文章后每個題目內(nèi)容看明白，這樣又能輔助進(jìn)一步理解文章的主要內(nèi)容，具體做題時就能對號入座，找到文章中確切表達(dá)所要回答問題的關(guān)鍵句子。第三步通篇尋讀，確定段落。也就是帶著問題去讀，找到要回答問題的關(guān)鍵詞、句或意群，以及任何有關(guān)答題的信息，用鉛筆畫下來，以便為下一步答題做好充分準(zhǔn)備。第四步逐條分析，對號入座。把需

4、要回答的問題和尋讀中找到的信息逐條分析，對號入座。一般來說，出題者問題設(shè)計都是按照文章內(nèi)容自上到下順序設(shè)計的，根據(jù)難度先解決容易的，最后解決深層次的理解題。第五步復(fù)讀全文，驗證答案。全部題目做完后，必須再仔細(xì)閱讀一遍全文，進(jìn)一步加深對文章理解，核實所選答案是否正確。二、閱讀理解解題技巧題型題型一：細(xì)節(jié)理解題解釋本類試題主要考察學(xué)生對閱讀材料中的某一特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的主要事實的理解能力。問題包括詢問人（who）、物（what）、時間（when）、地點（where）、原因（cause）、結(jié)果（effect）、文中的數(shù)據(jù)（data）等。新聞、說明文、廣告信息等常?？疾爝@些細(xì)節(jié)。設(shè)題方式1. Which

5、 of the following statements is true/false?2. Which of the following is (not) mentioned?3. According to the passage, when( where, why, how, who, etc)?解題技巧1. 細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案2. 變通理解，間接轉(zhuǎn)述找答案3. 多點歸納，綜合事實找答案典題練習(xí)1. Auggie lives with his parents and sister in New York. He is a normal boy in many ways. He ride

6、s a bike and likes playing with his Xbox. But Auggie has deformities(畸形）of the face and looks very different from other children. At the start of the book, he tells us My name is August. I wont describe what I look like. Whatever youre thinking, its probably worse. In the street, people look at Augg

7、ie and are frightened.（北京東城一模C篇）How is Auggie different from other boys?A. His name is special. B. His face shape is not normal.C. He doesnt go to school. D. He likes playing with his Xbox.2. Its not a joke, nor have the Canadians gone mad. They are using these chickens to see if the West Nile virus

8、 (病毒) is still around. The virus infects birds, so the chickens have a chance of catching the virus and fall ill. The West Nile virus is spread among humans. It killed seven people in New York last year.（北京海淀一模C篇）Why are Canadian officials placing chickens along the border? A. To help clean up the b

9、order. B. To see if the virus is still around. C. To protect the chickens from falling ill. D. To make sure that the birds can find food. 3. Few of us have heard of Nils Bohlin, but whenever we take a car journey his invention makes us safer. Found in almost every modem car, the three-point seat bel

10、t reduces our chances of death or injury (傷害）by at least 50% . While feeling thankful to this engineer from Volvo, you may also wonder how he came up with such a great idea.（北京朝陽一模C篇）Three-point seat belts reduce chances of death or injury by at least_.A. 10%B. 30%C. 40%D. 50%參考答案：B B D題型題型二：推理判斷題解釋

11、推理判斷題著重考察學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力，即要求學(xué)生根據(jù)文章的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推理判斷。此類題目難度大，涉及面廣，如人物的性格、心理，故事的結(jié)局、寓意，文章的出處、體裁，作者的傾向、態(tài)度等。設(shè)題方式1. It can be inferred from the text that_.2. From the text we know that _.3. With which of the following does the author agree?4. The passage is probably taken from a _.解題技巧1. 通過文章陳述的事實進(jìn)行推斷2. 根據(jù)文章所提供的的背景，人

12、物的表情，動作和語言進(jìn)行推斷3. 根據(jù)作者的意圖和態(tài)度進(jìn)行推斷典題練習(xí)1. However, somehow it seems rude or perhaps makes people feel that youre upset to say to people “ Im going to go and spend some time by myself. ” And often when we are spending time alone , we are actually connected with a piece of electrical equipment. We try to

13、make something into a or a Tweet to attract our friends, or we scroll (滾屏) through nosing into other peoples lives or seeing what friends are up to. We judge ourselves and other people by the photos they put online, so we can tell how much fun they are having compared to us. This is an age when we c

14、an get so much surface information about other peoples lives, but being wrapped（包裹） up in what other people are doing or always thinking about other peoples recognition (認(rèn)可) of us can be quite unhealthy. Perhaps these days forget about the simple pleasure of spending time just for us.（北京東城一模D篇）The w

15、riter agrees.A. Its important to know what other people think of usB. its harmful to always compare ourselves with othersC. technology helps us to judge and improve ourselvesD. technology helps us to know about other people clearly2. “Perfectionist kids are often driven by parents.” As a parent, see

16、 whether you are pushing your child to feel like she cant make a single mistake. Do you talk about top schools every day? Do you make a huge deal out of a grade that isnt an A? “You can ask your child, Why do you think you have to get straight As?”, Frank says. Theres more to life. Parents can offer

17、 their children opportunities to have fun. “Model hard work, relaxation, laughter, and joy,” he says.“Its not what you say to kids, its how you live.”（北京東城二模D篇）What suggestion does the writer give to the parents of perfectionist children?A. Choosing top schools for their children.B. Doing something

18、enjoyable with their children.C. Preventing their children from making mistakes.D. Offering a lot of help with their childrens study.3. While there are clearly both advantages and disadvantages when it comes to Apples latest invention, I personally like my single-purpose watch that simply tells me t

19、he time! What about you? Would you be interested in having a smart watch?（北京海淀二模C篇）From the passage, we can learn that the writer _. A. worries about the safety of the smart watchB. thinks highly of the progress of technologyC. introduces the newest kind of smart phonesD. prefers single-purpose watc

20、hes that tell the time參考答案：B B D題型題型三：詞義猜測題解釋單詞的猜測能力是閱讀理解能力的主要組成部分，是考查對文中關(guān)鍵詞語的理解。而且，所考察的詞或短語的意義往往不停留在字面上，要根據(jù)文中語境來判斷。設(shè)題方式1. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _.2. The word“”most likely means _.3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word _.解題技巧1. 通過因果關(guān)系猜測詞義2. 通過同義詞和近、

21、反義詞的關(guān)系猜測詞義3. 通過構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義4. 通過定義或釋義說明來猜測詞義5. 通過描述猜測詞義6. 用知識和生活經(jīng)驗猜測詞義7. 根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系猜測詞義典題練習(xí)1. These days there are lot of possibilities to be always connected to family and friends. Now that I have just moved lo France, this can be very convenient. I can ring my sister who lives in Los Angeles on Viber,

22、or I can Skype my parents or friends back in England for a chat. However, sometimes the convenient and dependability of technology can be intrusive.（北京東城一模D篇）What does the underlined word “intrusive” probably mean?A. Interruptive B. Helpful.C. Unsatisfactory.D. Important.2. In all these cases to kee

23、p up good neighborliness, some understanding between the neighbors is important. Small differences can be easily patched up or worked out. Try to be friendly and the problem will not be difficult to solve. Care can at times play a good part and help the neighbors in a small or big way. Nobody is per

24、fect and it is better not to speak ill of your neighbors. A cheerful word, a nod or a small talk will strengthen the feeling of good neighborliness. What does the sentence “Small differences can be easily patched up or worked out.” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? （北京海淀一模D篇）A. Praising others can help

25、to be good neighbors.B. Unimportant disagreement can be easily solved. C. One can easily make good use of small arguments. D. Nobody can be perfect enough to speak ill of others. 3. Both companies and individuals（個人）can benefit from telework. One benefit for companies is that it can save money. It c

26、an also help improve morale. This is because workers who have choices about how they work are often happier. If workers are happier, they are likely to do better jobs. This is good for the company. As for individuals, they can save money by cutting down their transportation costs. They also save tim

27、e because they do not have to go to the office every day. Depending on how often they work from home, telecommuters can save between 15 and 25 workdays every year.（北京東城二模C篇）What does the underlined word “morale” probably mean?A. Health. B. Abilities. C. Spirits. D. Wealth.參考答案：A B C題型題型四：主旨大意題解釋考查學(xué)生

28、對文章主題或中心思想的領(lǐng)會和理解能力。設(shè)題方式1. 問標(biāo)題：What is the main topic of the passage? / The best title for the passage is _.2. 問中心：The first paragraph is mainly about the _. / The passage is mostly about _.3. 問目的，態(tài)度：The author wants to tell _. / The purpose of this article is to _.解題技巧1. 瀏覽文章首尾段和各段開頭，抓住主旨段或主旨句2. 瀏覽全

29、文，抓住關(guān)鍵字眼，把握主旨3. 以掌握主旨為前提，處理推斷作者語氣及寫作意圖典題練習(xí)1. Is this a smart invention or technology gone too far? While the Apple watch is stylish in appearance, I cant help but question certain aspects（方面）of the new device. Is it a positive thing to be able to receive messages through a watch, or is this another

30、way of letting technology upset our social lives?（北京海淀二模C篇）What is probably the best title for this passage?A. The Apple Watch：The Latest InventionB. The Apple Watch：Smart and FashionableC. The Apple Watch：Technology Gone Too Far?D. The Apple Watch：A Convenient Way to Exercise?2. Having said all tha

31、t, I also think that spending too much time by yourself can separate you from others. I suppose it is important to find a good balance between spending valuable time by yourself and with other people.（北京東城一模D篇）Whats the best title for the passage?A. Is technology really good for us? B. How can we ke

32、ep in touch with others?C. What is the best way to enjoy ourselves? D. Do we spend enough time truly by ourselves?2015 has been decided to be the Year of Festivals in Malaysiaso theres never been a better time to visit Malaysia than now. Just turn the page to see some of the important events taking

33、place over the next 12 months. And for more information on traveling to Malaysia, please visit www.tourism.gov.my. （北京朝陽二模C篇）What is the writers purpose in the passage?A. To encourage us to visit Malaysia.B. To report some interesting festivals.C. To share his own experience.D. To introduce a foreig

34、n country.參考答案：C D A語篇練習(xí)北京中考閱讀理解CD篇分類練習(xí)日常生活類（北京中考C篇）Are You Right Handed or Left Handed? Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. I

35、f you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Dont be surprised if you feel awkward（別扭的）. In the past, people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young students looked down upon their left-handed classmates. Some children

36、 were even punished for using their left hand to write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almost every school in the world, left-handed students can use their left hand to write. What causes people to be left handed or right handed? Experts have searched long and hard on thi

37、s. They conclude（得出結(jié)論） that left-handed people are left handed for the same reason that right-handed people are right handed. One out of every ten people just is a left-handed people are right handed. One out of every ten people just is a left-hander. Its simply like the color of our eyes some peopl

38、e have brown eyes, while some others have black eyes. However, may researchers think that left-handers and right-handers are different in some aspects. Right-handers are more talkative and outgoing than left-handers. Many right-handed people understand spoken words better. For example, after they li

39、sten to directions to a supermarket, they can find it easily. Right-handers are good at organizing people, too. They are also better basketball guards. Just ask Yao Ming. Research shows that left-handers are creative and artistic. Many famous performers, like Jim Carrey and Paul McCartney, are left

40、handed. Many left-handers learn better visually（在視覺方面）. In art, both Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo were left handed. In music, Ludwig van Beethoven was left handed. In science, you find Newton and Einstein. The left-handed people are also really good at tennis and other single sports.If you pre

41、fer one hand, but you are still good at writing with the other, you are mixed. Research shows mixed-handers can remember everyday things better than other people. What did you eat for lunch two weeks ago? If youre mixed handed, you can probably remember.1. If right-handers cut up potatoes with their

42、 left hand, they will .A. get hurtB. give up cuttingC. feel awkwardD. change their tools2. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A. Causes of being left handed.B. Encouragement to left-handersC. Punishment for using the left hand.D. Changes in opinions on left-handers.3. According to the passage, right-h

43、anders .A. learn better visuallyB. are good organizersC. are better at single sportsD. give clear directions to others4. From the passage, we can learn that left-handers .A. may be more talkative and outgoingB. are ordinary people like right-handersC. might remember everyday things betterD. no longe

44、r need to use right-handed tools北京中考D篇Should Children Be Allowed to Get Bored?Children need time to stand and stare. They should be allowed to get bored to that they can develop their ability to be creative.Children are expected by their parents to be reading a textbook all the time. However, resear

45、ch shows that it may hamper the development of their imagination, while boredom can give them opportunities to develop creativity.Boredom is often linked with loneliness, but a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind. She told researchers about her childhood. Havin

46、g few things to do, Syal often talked with her neighbors. She also tried to do things like learning to bake cakes. “But importantly, I Thought and wrote a lot, because I was bored,” Syal said. She kept a diary, filling her time with short stories and poems she made up.Grayson Perry, an artist, grew

47、up in a family with little money. He enjoyed himself by making up stories, drawing pictures for his stories and reading many books in the library. Bored but free, he spent hours looking out of the window, watching the changing clouds and seasons. Perry filled up his free time with what he liked. He

48、became creative, because he could think freely.Dr. Belton is an expert on the effects of emotions on learning. “Boredom could be an uncomfortable feeling,” she said. “But some young people cannot deal with that boredom creatively. So sometimes they may break a classroom window, or drive a car out fo

49、r a mad race.”Usually, when children have nothing to do, they would turn on the TV, the computer, or the phone. Their time on these things has increased, yet they need to have time to think about their experiences through play or just watching the world around them.It is this kind of thinking that c

50、an inspire the imagination. On the other hand, the TV or phone may cut short the thinking process. That can be harmful to the development of creativity. “For developing the ability to be creative,” Dr. Belton advised, “perhaps we need to stand and stare, and stay off-line from time to time.”1. What

51、does the word “hamper” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Slow down.B. Keep up with.C. Go beyond.D. Give rise to.2. The writer talks about Syal and Perry to .A. stress the great differences between themB. introduce a popular writer and a famous artistC. suggest good ways of going through boredomD. show

52、 effects of boredom on developing creativity3. What can we learn from the passage?A. Boredom provides children with space to think freely.B. Its much better for children to be busy than be bored.C. Boredom helps children deal with difficulties properly.D. Its boring for children to think about their

53、 experiences.北京東城一模C篇Wonder is a book about a ten-year-old boy called August, or Auggie, who feels normal but looks very different.Whats Wonder about?Auggie lives with his parents and sister in New York. He is a normal boy in many ways. He rides a bike and likes playing with his Xbox. But Auggie has

54、 deformities(畸形）of the face and looks very different from other children. At the start of the book, he tells us My name is August. I wont describe what I look like. Whatever youre thinking, its probably worse. In the street, people look at Auggie and are frightened.Auggie has never been to school be

55、cause he has spent a lot of time in hospital. His mother teaches him at home. But now hes ten, she thinks he should go to school. At first, Auggie doesnt want to go. He worries that other students will look at him and say terrible things. But when he visits a school with his mum, he likes the head t

56、eacher and decides to go. Auggies first year at school has good times and bad times. He makes some good friends but other children are rude to him. At the end of the year, Auggie goes on a school trip and a frightening event there changes things completely.Is it a good book?Wonder is an excellent bo

57、ok, It tells an exciting story that makes you feel many different emotions. It is easy to like Auggie. He has a good sense of humour, so the book has a good mix of funny and sad moments. But the book isnt just about Auggie. We also learn what life for his sister, and his friend, Jack. Wonder is popu

58、lar with people of all ages. Pre-teens, teenagers and adults all love the book.A bestsellerWonder is RJ Palacios first book. On her website, she explains that she had the idea for Wonder after seeing a girl with deformities on the street one day. Many schools use the book to start discussions about

59、bullying, friendship and being different. The book is very popular and has won prizes. Many people are looking forward to seeing what RJ Palacio writes next.1. How is Auggie different from other boys?A. His name is special. B. His face shape is not normal.C. He doesnt go to school. D. He likes playi

60、ng with his Xbox.2. Why doesnt Auggie want to go to school at first?A. Because he has to stay in hospital.B. Because his mother teaches better than teachers.C. Because he doesnt think he should go to school.D. Because he is afraid other students may make fun of him.3. What can we know about the book

61、?A. It tells the story of a real family.B. Many schools use it to educate students.C. Adults like the book more than children.D. The emotions of the story are hard to understand.北京西城一模C篇As kids, we learn how to write, maybe play a musical instrument and draw. So why dont we learn to code(編碼) compute

62、r programs too? What coding has in common with writing, playing music and creating art is that it lets you bring your ideas to life. Coding is all about creativity and thats why I love it. Creating with codeCoder Dojo helps young people around the world to learn computer programming for free. When I

63、 went to my first Coder Dojo class in Dublin City University in Ireland, at age nine, I didnt know anything about coding or even what it was. But I remember making my very first web page that first day, and being surprised that I could create such a thing. It was a great feeling that I think every young person should experience!By going to Coder Dojo every week, I learned how to make websites, apps and games. One of my apps is called Auto-Journalist. It can help journalists(記者) and interviewees do interviews even if they are both really busy or live i