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1、課時(shí)提能練(十六)必修4Unit 1Women of achievement課時(shí)作業(yè)A：基礎(chǔ)層面.語境語法填空 AA convincing speech 1.was delivered (deliver) by a psychologist at yesterdays conference 2.arguing (argue) about how parenting styles affect childrens 3.behavior(behave). In his opinion, children must be punished when they fail 4.to observe (o

2、bserve) public rules and regulations. If a child behaves well, he deserves to be praised and rewarded then and there. There are many experts 5.supporting (support) his viewpoint, saying that kids wont learn right from wrong if parents dont intend 6.to punish(punish)BThe library door is opened at 7 p

3、m. and the students come crowding 7.in. When evening falls, many students enter the library to read books 8.in connection with their courses. Some choose to refer 9.to reference books or dictionaries when they come 10.across problems in their studies. Some even carry 11.on their studies in the libra

4、ry till late into the night. They know success doesnt happen 12.by chance. Only by working hard now can they possibly avoid being looked down 13.upon and lead 14.an easy life in the future.CA man came 15.flying (fly) round the corner and bumped into me. He looked so familiar that I must have seen hi

5、m somewhere. Suddenly 16.it hit me that he was just the criminal the police had wanted. What should I do? Trying to stop or catch him meant 17.putting (put) my life at risk. Fortunately, two policemen arrived soon and the man was arrested. Only then 18.did I feel my heart beating fast and my legs tr

6、embling slightly.語境短文改錯(cuò) 根據(jù)P6課文內(nèi)容，對(duì)下面材料進(jìn)行修改。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。I came across a article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi by chance. One of her books explained how to cut the death rate from having and care for babies caught my eye. Then I do some research by raising some questi

7、on about her. Further reading made me to realize it was hard work and determined as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school. And that made her succeed was her kindness and consideration. She often went lately at night to deliver a baby for a poor family. I was excited and wanted t

8、o carry her career.答案I came across article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi by chance. One of her books how to cut the death rate from having and for babies caught my eye. Then I some research by raising some about her. Further reading made me realize it was hard work and as well as her gentle natu

9、re that got her into medical school. And made her succeed was her kindness and consideration. She often went at night to deliver a baby for a poor family. I was excited and wanted to carry her career.根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子1一旦你理解了規(guī)則，物理就不難學(xué)了。(once)Physics is easy to learn once you understand the rules.2在那么重要的考試中他竟然

10、查閱筆記，真是太愚蠢了。(refer to)It was too foolish of him to refer to his notes during that important test.3你把錢花在有價(jià)值的事業(yè)上是明智的。(worthwhile)It is wise of you to spend the money on a worthwhile career4我忽然想起來忘了鎖門了。(hit)It hit me that I had left the door unlocked.5就我看來，只有通過努力學(xué)習(xí)你才能在學(xué)習(xí)上取得進(jìn)步。As far as Im concerned, on

11、ly by studying hard will you make progress in your study. (倒裝句)As far as Im concerned, it is only by studying hard that you will make progress in your study. (強(qiáng)調(diào)句)課時(shí)作業(yè)B：能力層面.閱讀理解A(2019昆明市診斷測(cè)試)Whore happier, men or women? Research shows its a complex question and that asking whether males or females

12、are happier isnt really that helpful, because basically, happiness is different for women and men.Womens happiness has been declining for the past 30 years, according to recent statistics. And research shows that women are twice as likely to experience depression compared with men. Gender (性別) diffe

13、rences in depression are well confirmed and studies have found that biological, psychological and social factors contribute to the difference.Early studies on gender and happiness found men and women were socialized to express different feelings. Women are more likely to express happiness, warmth an

14、d fear, which help with social bonding and appear more consistent with the traditional role as a primary caregiver, while men display more anger, pride and disrespect, which are more consistent with a protector and provider role.Recent research suggests that these differences are not just socially,

15、but also genetically related. Studies have looked into these findings further and discovered that females use more areas of the brain containing mirror neurons (鏡像神經(jīng)元) than males when they process feelings. Mirror neurons allow us to experience the world from other peoples view, to understand their

16、actions and intentions. This may explain why women can experience deeper sadness. Women tend to experience more negative feelings, such as more guilt, shame and to a lesser degree, embarrassment.Psychologically it seems men and women differ in the way they process and express feelings. With the exce

17、ption of anger, women experience feelings more strongly and share their feelings more openly with others. Studies have found in particular that women express more appreciationwhich has been linked to greater happiness. This supports the theory that womens happiness is more dependent on relationships

18、 than mens.【語篇解讀】本文從社會(huì)、生理和心理三個(gè)方面介紹了男性和女性在幸福感上的差異。1Which feeling are men more likely to show compared with women?AWarmth.BDepression.CHappiness.DDisrespect.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句中的“while men display more anger, pride and disrespect”可知，男性表現(xiàn)更多的是生氣、驕傲和無禮，故選D。2What factors cause women to share feelings more op

19、enly?APsychological factors.BBiological factors.CEducational factors.DSocial factors.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，本段從心理方面介紹了男性和女性在處理和表達(dá)感情方面的不同：與男性相比，女性更加公開地表露自己內(nèi)心的情感。3One can probably read the text from Aa science fictionBa culture brochureCa nursery guideDa health magazineD推理判斷題。根據(jù)本文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要從社會(huì)、生理和心理三個(gè)方面分析了

20、男性和女性在幸福感上的差異。由此可推知，本文有可能摘自一本健康雜志，故選D項(xiàng)。4What is the text mainly about?AMen and women differ in biology and psychology.BMen and women experience happiness differently.CSocial roles have a great effect on men and women.DWomens happiness has declined in the past years.B主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文從社會(huì)、生理和心理三個(gè)方面分析了男性

21、和女性在幸福感上的差異，故B項(xiàng)最符合文意。B(2019成都市畢業(yè)班摸底測(cè)試)As evolution tends to remove waste, how come we evolved such large, energyconsuming brains? The dominant hypothesis(假設(shè))suggests that tough social interactions are the driving force. But our new study done in an unusual way shows that human brain expansion is lik

22、ely driven by ecology(生態(tài))Scientists have tested the ecological and social hypotheses before. The common approach is to look at many species and investigate whether large brains are associated with specific problems. For example, do primates or other animals with large brains have a diet that is chal

23、lenging to find but nutritionally rewarding? This would indicate an ecological origin. Or do they live in large groups where they face lots of social problems?While many studies have found such associations, there is a problem. It cannot tell whether large brains evolved to solve the difficult probl

24、ems or whether they evolved for other reasons and then enabled their bearers to deal with the hard problems.To find out the causes of brain expansion, we recreated the scenarios(可能出現(xiàn)的情況) of the two hypotheses using a mathematical model. We found that a combination of ecological and social challenges

25、 do produce the brain size we see in humans. But it was ecological challenges that expanded brains. In contrast to the dominant view and our own expectation, we found that social challenges contributed by decreasing brain size. But you need both factors to get the brain size we see todayif there wer

26、e no social challenges our brains would have been even larger but likely poorly suited to social life. Bigger isnt necessarily better.But many animals face hard ecological problems. Why dont they all have large brains? We found that ecological problems only lead to humansized brains when individuals

27、 can keep learning hard skills as they grow. So our results and those of others suggest that hard ecology and the accumulation of cultural knowledge could act together to produce a humansized brain.Will the human brain expand further? The complexity of the systems involved makes it impossible to say

28、 much with certainty at present.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文?？茖W(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人類大腦的大小是由生態(tài)環(huán)境和文化知識(shí)的積累的共同作用決定的；大腦并非越大越好，如果大腦過大，則人類將無法適應(yīng)社會(huì)交往活動(dòng)。5In most peoples view, what makes human evolve large brains?ASocial challenges.BSocial and ecological challenges.CEcological challenges.DCompetition with other large animals.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一

29、段第二句“The dominant hypothesis(假設(shè))suggests that tough social interactions are the driving force”并結(jié)合第一段內(nèi)容可知，大部分人認(rèn)為棘手的社會(huì)交往活動(dòng)是人類大腦進(jìn)化的動(dòng)力，故A項(xiàng)正確。6Whats the problem of the common approach?AIts model is not reliable enough.BIt doesnt tell the cause and effect clearly.CIts hypothesis cannot be proved effective

30、ly.DIt doesnt find brain size is connected with problems.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“It cannot tell whether large brains evolved to solve the difficult problems or whether they evolved for other reasons and then enabled their bearers to deal with the hard problems”可知，傳統(tǒng)的研究方法無法解釋清楚大腦進(jìn)化的原因和影響，故B項(xiàng)正確。7Why dont many

31、 animals have large brains?AThey dont learn from each other.BThey dont face hard ecological problems.CThey dont need to cooperate with each other.DThey dont keep learning tough skills as they grow.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第二、三句“Why dont they all have large brains? We found that ecological problems only lead to h

32、umansized brains when individuals can keep learning hard skills as they grow”可知，只有當(dāng)個(gè)體在成長(zhǎng)過程中不斷學(xué)習(xí)艱難的技能時(shí)，生態(tài)環(huán)境才會(huì)導(dǎo)致人類特定大小的大腦。據(jù)此可以判斷，動(dòng)物在成長(zhǎng)過程中并沒有持續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)艱難的技能，所以動(dòng)物沒有大的大腦，故D項(xiàng)正確。8Which of the following do the researchers find most surprising?AAnimals dont have large brains.BSocial challenges decrease brain size.

33、CEcological challenges increase brain size.DIts unclear whether human brains will expand further.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第四句“In contrast to the dominant view and our own expectation, we found that social challenges contributed by decreasing brain size”可知，與主流觀點(diǎn)及我們自己的預(yù)期相反，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)社會(huì)挑戰(zhàn)導(dǎo)致大腦變小。據(jù)此可知，社會(huì)挑戰(zhàn)導(dǎo)致大腦變小是令人驚訝的發(fā)現(xiàn)，故B

34、項(xiàng)正確。.完形填空(2019石家莊市重點(diǎn)高中摸底考試)On my way back home I was stopped at traffic lights by some people who asked for help. A womanin her attempt to give 1 to an ambulancehad driven her car over stony obstacles that separated the bike line from the street, and, as a result, had gotten her car 2 . She couldnt

35、move the car in any 3 without damaging it. A couple of people tried to 4 the car back but the obstacles were too high. Seeing that they couldnt do much about it, they left. The woman in the car tried to 5 some service, and was told that it would take about 45 minutes for someone to get there.While w

36、atching the other people 6 ， I realized the woman would be on her own and I imagined how 7 that would be if I were in her shoes. After some talking, she 8 me to sit inside her car.I wasnt in a hurry, so I 9 my family that I would be later and then tried to 10 the woman who seemed to feel stressed ab

37、out causing others 11 . But actually it wasnt too much trouble 12 they could still pass, and also there wasnt anything she could do about it 13 . We laughed and 14 that all we needed was some tea for our picnic.Finally 15 came and helped her back on the street. She 16 me and asked for my phone numbe

38、r so she could return the 17 ，but I told her it was okay. She seemed to feel much 18 when we said our goodbyes. I believe that not having to face a difficult situation 19 can make a lot of 20 【語篇解讀】該文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了作者安慰并幫助一位在馬路上因?yàn)榻o救護(hù)車讓行而陷入困境的女士的故事。1A.signalBwayCtimeDhelpB一位女士試圖給一輛救護(hù)車讓行。give way to.“讓行”

39、，為固定搭配。故選B。2A.stuckBbrokenCdirtyDabandonedA根據(jù)下文“She couldnt move the car”可推知，因?yàn)榻o救護(hù)車讓行，這位女士的車卡(stuck)在那里不能動(dòng)彈。3A.senseBminuteCdirectionDlineC在不損壞車的情況下，無論往哪個(gè)方向(direction)都無法移動(dòng)。4A.liftBholdCpullDdriveA根據(jù)上文“She couldnt move the car”以及下文“but the obstacles were too high”可推知，車子卡在那里，障礙物太高，不能被抬(lift)回來。5A.off

40、erBseekCrefuseDtakeB那位女士在車?yán)镌噲D尋求(seek)一些服務(wù)。6A.shoutBdiscussCstandDleaveD根據(jù)上文中的“Seeing that they couldnt do much about it, they left”可知，當(dāng)時(shí)其他人因?yàn)閹筒涣耸裁疵?，都走開(leave)了。7A.amazingBpleasantCuneasyDincredibleC根據(jù)上文可知，那位女士的車被卡在障礙物上，其他人又幫不上忙，作者將心比心，覺得此情此景，那位女士一定不舒服(uneasy)，與下文“the woman who seemed to feel stresse

41、d about causing others ”呼應(yīng)。8A.forcedBinvitedCorderedDallowedB根據(jù)語境可推知，那位女士邀請(qǐng)(invited)作者坐進(jìn)她的車?yán)铩?A.consultedBwarnedCadvisedDinformedD根據(jù)語境及下文“I would be later”可推知，作者告知(informed)家人一些情況。10A.persuadeBcomfortCfrightenDsatisfyB根據(jù)空后的“the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others ”可推知，那位女士似乎感到焦慮不安

42、，作者試圖寬慰(comfort)她，這與下文“We laughed and that all we needed was some tea for our picnic”呼應(yīng)。11A.troubleBdisbeliefCanxietyDembarrassmentA根據(jù)下文中的“But actually it wasnt too much trouble they could still pass”可推知，那位女士認(rèn)為給他人帶來麻煩(trouble)而感到焦慮不安。12A.thoughBuntilCsinceDunlessC根據(jù)語境可推知，此處前后內(nèi)容表示邏輯上的因果關(guān)系。故since“因?yàn)椤狈?/p>

43、合語境。13A.anywayBthereforeCstillDsomehowA根據(jù)上文“She couldnt move the car in any without damaging it”可推知，無論如何(anyway)，那位女士對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)那種情況也是無能為力的。14A.rememberedBrealizedCthoughtDjokedD由空前的“We laughed”可推知，作者和那位女士當(dāng)時(shí)都笑了，并且開著玩笑(joked)。15A.newsBmy partnerCassistanceDan ambulanceC根據(jù)空后的“helped her back on the street”可推知

44、，最終援助(assistance)到了，幫那位女士回到了路上。16A.greetedBthankedCacceptedDattractedB根據(jù)語境可知，作者去安慰那位受困的女士，那位女士在最終解困后應(yīng)是感謝(thanked)作者。17A.carBcompanyCfavorDpicnicC根據(jù)語境可推知，那位女士想要作者的電話號(hào)碼，以回報(bào)作者的幫助(favor)。18A.nervousBunwillingCdisappointedDbetterD根據(jù)語境可知，那位女士從困境中解脫出來，感覺比之前好了許多。故D項(xiàng)符合語境。19A.aloneBbravelyCbitterlyDdirectlyA根據(jù)上文可知，由于作者的幫助和安慰，那位女士最終心情變得好了許多，由此可推知，她當(dāng)時(shí)不是獨(dú)自(alone)面對(duì)困境。20A.decisionBfortuneCchoiceDdifferenceD作者認(rèn)為不用獨(dú)自面對(duì)困境可以產(chǎn)生很大影響(difference)。- 9 -