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1、第2講情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣在高考的語法填空和短文改錯中鮮有考查，但在寫作中卻經(jīng)常使用，恰當運用此語法能夠成為得分的亮點，因此在二輪備考中考生對此語法也應做到足夠重視。考點感悟語法填空語法填空中對虛擬語氣和情態(tài)動詞的考查并不難，主要是一些常見的基本用法。感1.(2018天津高考)I cant find my purse. I _ have left it in the supermarket yesterday, but Im not sure.答案：might/could此處表示對過去情況“有可能”的推測。2.(2018江蘇高考)There is a good social l

2、ife in the village, and I wish I _ (have) a second chance to become more involved.答案：had根據(jù)語意語境可知wish在此表達現(xiàn)在的一個愿望，其后的賓語從句應用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞要用過去式。3.(2017北京高考)If the new safety system _ (put) to use, the accident would never have happened.答案：had been put根據(jù)語意及句中的would never have happened可知，if從句表示對過去情況的假設，故應用過去完

3、成時。且主語system與put之間為被動關(guān)系，應用被動語態(tài)。悟1.wish后接虛擬句如果表示對現(xiàn)在的虛擬，從句用一般過去時。如果表示對過去的虛擬從句，用過去完成時。2.虛擬語氣的基本用法對現(xiàn)在的虛擬if從句中動詞用過去式，主句用might/could/should/would動詞原形；對過去的虛擬，從句用過去完成時，主句用would/should/could/mighthave done。短文改錯短文改錯中對虛擬語氣和情態(tài)動詞的考查并不多見，涉及時也是以基本用法為主。感1.(2016全國卷)We can chose between staying at home and taking a t

4、rip._答案：chosechoose情態(tài)動詞后應跟動詞原形。2.(2016全國卷)I should available any time after school next week._答案：should后加be句子缺少系動詞且在should后應用be。3.(2019東北三校聯(lián)盟)Most citizens in Hong Kong strongly insisted that those who attacked the police with violence were put into prison._答案：werebeinsist作“堅持要求”講時，其后賓語從句的謂語動詞用(shou

5、ld)動詞原形，此處those與put之間為被動關(guān)系，故改為be put。4.(2015四川高考)If you are me, would you talk to them？_答案：arewere根據(jù)語意可知此處應用虛擬語氣，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，be動詞應用were。悟1.虛擬語氣中be動詞的選用表示對現(xiàn)在的虛擬，be動詞一般用were。2.insist “堅決要求”，suggest “建議”等后面接虛擬從句，謂語應為should do形式，should可省?？键c素能一 情態(tài)動詞1.情態(tài)動詞的基本用法情態(tài)動詞不能單獨作謂語，必須和后面的實義動詞或be動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。(1)can/could的

6、用法：表示能力，意為“能，會”。表示客觀或理論上的可能性。表示推測，意為“可能”，用于否定句和疑問句。can比could語氣強。(2)may/might的用法：表示請求和許可。在疑問句中might可以代替may，語氣更加委婉。表示推測，意為“或許，可能”，通常用于肯定句和否定句。might比may語氣弱。(3)must的用法：表示“必須”，語氣強烈。表示推測，意為“一定”，用于肯定句。意為“偏要，非要不可”。(4)shall的用法：用于第一人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見。用于各種人稱陳述句中，表示說話人的命令、警告、威脅、允諾、決心等；或用于條約、規(guī)定、法令、法律等，意為“必須”。(5

7、)should/ought to的用法：should表示責任、義務、勸告、建議等，意為“應該”。should表示出乎意料的口氣，意為“竟然，居然”。should和ought to表示推測，指預期的可能性，意為“應該，估計”。2.“情態(tài)動詞 have done”的用法該結(jié)構(gòu)主要用來表述過去的情況，包括對過去的推測、遺憾、責備等。(1)must have done “一定做過了某事”，表示對過去事情有把握的推測。(2)could have done “本能做某事(而實際上未做)”，cant/couldnt have done “(過去)不可能做過某事”。(3)may/might have done

8、 “(過去)有可能做過某事”。(4)should/ought to have done “本該做某事而沒做”。(5)neednt have done “本不必做某事(而實際上做了)”。二 虛擬語氣1.虛擬語氣在if條件狀語從句中的應用2.虛擬語氣在其他從句中的應用(1)wish后面的賓語從句，表示一種不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望：表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，從句謂語動詞用過去式。表示與過去事實相反，從句用haddone。表示與將來事實相反，從句用would/could/should/might動詞原形。(2)would rather后面的賓語從句：表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦嵪喾磿r，從句謂語動詞用過去式。表示與過去事實相

9、反時，從句用haddone。(3)表示主張、命令、建議、要求等詞后的賓語從句和同位語從句常用“should動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)，should可省略。(4)定語從句：Its (high/about) time (that) . 句型中，從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時或should動詞原形(其中should不可省略)，意為“確實到了的時候了”。(5)as if引導的狀語從句中：表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，謂語動詞用過去式。表示與過去事實相反，謂語動詞用haddone。表示與將來事實相反，謂語動詞用would/could/might動詞原形。過關(guān)檢測(限時：30分鐘).單句語法填空1.It is required b

10、y law that a driving test _ (take) before a man gets a license.答案：(should) be taken2.I couldnt_ (go) through the hard times but for my teachers generous and timely help.答案：have gone3.I was ill that day, otherwise I would _ (take) part in the sports meet.答案：have taken4.The nationwide smog serves as a

11、 constant reminder, indicating that its high time we _ (reflect) on ourselves.答案：reflected/should reflect5.It has been accepted that all the students _ put on masks before going to school in case they are infected with flu virus.答案：shall6.John wants to see me now, but I have so much work on hand tha

12、t I would rather he _ (come) tomorrow instead of today.答案：came7.Dont you think it is necessary that he _ (not send) to the Bulls but to the Keats？I agree, but the problem is that he refuses to.答案：(should) not be sent8.I promise Shirley _ get a new iPad on her birthday.Will it be a big surprise to he

13、r？答案：shall9.I dont think you _ give up the opportunity to go to university which you have been dreaming about.答案：should10._ it rain tomorrow, we would have to cancel the football match.答案：Should.單句改錯1.If I havent seen it with my own eyes, I wouldnt have believed it._答案：haventhadnt2.We would rather o

14、ur daughter stay at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer._答案：staystayed3.We would as well stay where we are, because the outside is unsafe._答案：wouldmight/may4.You need have studied that late last night. It was harmful to your health._答案：need后面加not5.Had it not been fo

15、r my teachers help, I wont have won the first place in the contest._答案：wontwouldnt6.No driving after drinking is a rule that every driver will obey in our country._答案：willshall7.Have I followed your advice, I wouldnt be in such an embarrassing situation now._答案：HaveHad8.Sorry, Mum! I failed the job

16、interview again.Oh, its too bad. You must have made full preparations._答案：mustshould9.Although you must find bargains in London, its not generally a cheap place to shop._答案：mustcan10.Should I have a word with you? It wont take long._答案：ShouldCan/May.語法填空A recent study shows that most adults did hous

17、ehold chores _1_ (active) when they were young. Most kids today do not do as many household chores as before, _2_ same study shows.An expert said, “Parents today want their kids to spend more time _3_ things that can bring them money and honour. They have stopped _4_ (do) the one thing that has prov

18、en to bring success. That is doing household chores.”Another study finds that compared with the kids _5_ didnt do household chores, young adults beginning chores at ages 3 and 4 were more likely _6_ (succeed). They had better family relationships, did better in school, performed better at work and w

19、ere more independent.Personal happiness _7_ (say) to come from strong relationships. It begins by learning to be kind and _8_ (help) to their parents at home.If your kids say they have to skip chores because its time they _9_ (deal) with their homework, youd better not let them off the hook. If you

20、do, your child may think grades are more important than caring about others. “What may seem like small _10_ (message) at the moment add up to big ones over time，” says an expert.1._2._3._4._5._6._7._8._9._10._篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。一項研究表明，現(xiàn)在的大部分成年人小時候都做過家務，而現(xiàn)在的大部分孩子都不像以前的孩子那樣做很多家務了。1.actively考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，

21、空處修飾謂語動詞，故要用副詞形式actively。2.the考查冠詞。此處的“study”就是上文提到的那個“study”，故用定冠詞the表示特指。3.on考查固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配spend sth. on sth.可知，此處填介詞on。4.doing考查固定用法。根據(jù)語境可知，這里說的是“停止做某事”，而不是“停下來去做某事”，故用stop doing sth.。5.who/that考查定語從句的引導詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設空處在句中引導定語從句，先行詞為kids，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語，因此本空填who或that。6.to succeed考查非謂語動詞。此處是be likely to

22、do sth.句型，故填不定式。7.is said考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。本句含有“be said動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，且這里說的是現(xiàn)在的一般情況，主語為“Personal happiness”，因此填is said。8.helpful考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。本空應填形容詞helpful與kind并列作表語。9.dealt/should deal考查虛擬語氣。Its time (that) .句型中，that從句要用虛擬語氣，即從句謂語用過去式或“shoulddo”，其中should不可以省略。10.messages考查名詞。message是可數(shù)名詞，其前沒有冠詞，故要用其復數(shù)形式。.短文改錯Smog has

23、 covered large areas of Beijing recently, which has had much influence to our life. Its not convenience for us to go out due to the heavy smog. In order to take in less than poisonous air, whichever we go outside, we have to wear masks. Facing such a seriously problem, we should take some immediate

24、measure to solve it. As for our government, some laws should be passed to ban factories from giving off poisonous waste. At same time, we are supposed not to drive to work but to ride our bicycles. Now I call on all people to take action against smog and protected our world from be polluted. Only in

25、 this way should we live in harmony with nature.答案：Smog has covered large areas of Beijing recently, which has had much influence our life. Its not for us to go out due to the heavy smog. In order to take in less poisonous air, we go outside, we have to wear masks. Facing such a problem, we should t

26、ake some immediate to solve it. As for our government, some laws should be passed to ban factories from giving off poisonous waste. At same time, we are supposed not to drive to work but to ride our bicycles. Now I call on all people to take action against smog and our world from polluted. Only in this way we live in harmony with nature.- 9 -