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1、Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China一、語基必備知識(shí)(一)重點(diǎn)詞匯分類記憶.閱讀詞匯在不認(rèn)識(shí)的詞匯前劃thinker nprinciple n.resign vi. adviser n.justice n. bark n.leather n. category n.fuel n.核心詞匯寫其形1kindness n 善良2order n. 秩序3position n. 職位 4stress vt. 強(qiáng)調(diào)5soft adj. 柔軟的6condition n. 狀況；條件；環(huán)境.拓展詞匯通其變1equal adj.平

2、等的equality n平等equally adv.平等地2important adj.重要的importance n重要；重要性3influence n影響influential adj.有影響的 4honest adj.誠(chéng)實(shí)的honesty n誠(chéng)實(shí) 5contribute v貢獻(xiàn)；捐獻(xiàn)contribution n貢獻(xiàn) 6invent vt.發(fā)明inventor n發(fā)明家invention n發(fā)明7argue v爭(zhēng)論，議論argument n爭(zhēng)論；辯論；議論 8free adj.自由的freedom n自由1.名詞后綴ness大觀園kindness善良blindness 盲目darkness

3、 黑暗weakness 虛弱loneliness 寂寞2.y結(jié)尾名詞一覽honesty誠(chéng)實(shí)difficulty 困難modesty 謙虛discovery 發(fā)現(xiàn)delivery 投遞；交付3.各種“爭(zhēng)論”argument爭(zhēng)論；辯論discussion 討論debate 爭(zhēng)論；辯論quarrel 爭(zhēng)吵dispute 爭(zhēng)論；爭(zhēng)端(二)重點(diǎn)短語記牢用活1be_at_war_with與交戰(zhàn)2bring_up 養(yǎng)育；撫養(yǎng)3become_interested_in 對(duì)感興趣4be_proud_of 為自豪5in_conclusion 總之6for_the_first_time 第一次1.“atn.”短語薈

4、萃at war交戰(zhàn)at peace 處于和平狀態(tài)at hand 在手邊at work 在工作at rest 在休息at table 在吃飯2.sense相關(guān)短語多棱鏡a sense of direction/humor方向感/幽默感in a sense 從某種意義上說in no sense/way 決不make sense 講得通；有道理make sense of 理解；弄懂 (三)重點(diǎn)句式背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：the way定語從句 Treat others in_the_way_you_want_to_be_treated.己所不欲，勿施于人。 句型2：the reason wh

5、y . is that .的原因是 Mencius believed that the_reason_why_man_is_different_from_animals_is_that man is good. 孟子認(rèn)為人區(qū)別于動(dòng)物的原因就在于人性本善。句型3：“do/does/did動(dòng)詞原形”表示強(qiáng)調(diào) However, we do_know that in 1092 AD he invented the first real clock.然而，我們的確知道在公元1092年，他發(fā)明了第一塊真正的鐘表。二、語境強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練.語境填詞根據(jù)提示寫出該詞的適當(dāng)形式A根據(jù)漢語提示寫出下列單詞1He orde

6、red(命令) us to leave at once, but nobody followed it.2Last week he resigned(辭職) and gave up the position(職位) as a manager because of poor health.3Edison kept trying out some new ideas until he invented(發(fā)明) what he wanted.4Most air pollution is caused by the burning of fuels(燃料) like coal, gas and oil

7、.5Despite the variety of injuries, several principles(原則) of first aid can apply to all emergencies.B根據(jù)所給單詞寫出適當(dāng)形式6What the professor stressed(stress) in the meeting yesterday is that health is very important for everyone.7It is very important to teach the children how to deal with others kindness(ki

8、nd) and rudeness.8If you want to succeed, I think that setting a goal for yourself is of great importance(important)9Were trying to make our newspaper become more and more influential(influence) in our country.10Such people as have made great contributions(contribute) to the world should be greatly

9、respected.語境品詞寫出加黑詞匯在語境中的意義1(2019天津卷)With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs.原理2. (2019江蘇卷)After all, not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings, and most importantly, equal rights to survive. 平等的3(2019浙江卷6月) Since the 1930s, McIntyr

10、e said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season. 緊張；短缺4(2019天津卷) What would a participant have to do with an

11、essay of 1，500 words to meet the category requirement？種類；類別.選詞成篇agree with; become interested in; for the first time; more than; be similar toLi Hua 1.became_interested_in English when he began to learn it 2.for_the_first_time. Now he has learned 3.more_than 3，000 English words, and once got the fir

12、st prize in an English competition. I 4.agree_with his opinion that interest is the best motivation.be at war with; bring up; a sense of responsibility; be proud of; in conclusionHe used to 5.be_proud_of his hometown, a beautiful village where he was born and 6.brought_up. Now his country 7.is_at_wa

13、r_with its neighboring country, so he has to leave his hometown for a living. Although he is a man with 8.a_sense_of_responsibility,_he is at a loss what to do for his hometown.完成語段Honestly speaking, 1.the_way_you_learn_English(你學(xué)習(xí)英語的方法) is neither scientific nor effective. Besides, 2.the_reason_why

14、_you_have_failed_in_the_exam_is_that(你考試失敗的原因是) you havent made good use of your time to learn. Therefore, you 3.do_need(確實(shí)需要) some scientific learning methods. equalv等于，與相等；比得上adj.平等的；勝任的n. 同等的人或物基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空He is equal to accomplishing(accomplish) the task, for no one equals him in the area. In othe

15、r words, he is without equal.a.We Chinese people have persistently urged the equality(equal) of nations, big or small.b(福建卷)Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be equally(equal) respected.能力提升一句多譯盡管他和他們的身高相同，但在打籃球方面無人能與他匹敵。They are of_the_same_height,_but no one can be_equal_to

16、_him_in playing basketball.Though he is_equal_to_them_in_height,_no one can equal_him_in playing basketball. (1)equal sb./sth.(in.)(在方面) 比得上，與匹敵；與相等be equal to sth./doing sth.(in.) (在方面)與相等；能勝任(2)without (an) equal 無人可比的(3)equally adv. 同樣地；相等地equality n. 相等；平等 名師點(diǎn)津 表示“勝任”的其他常見表達(dá)：be up tobe fit forbe

17、 qualified for詞塊助記enjoy equal rights享有平等的權(quán)利be equal in height 同等高度be equal to anything 無所不能 ordern順序；秩序；整齊；命令；訂購(gòu)vt.命令；訂購(gòu)；安排基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空a.(北京卷)To catch the early flight, we ordered(order) a taxi in advance and got up very early.b(北京卷)Ordered(order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any

18、time now.a.The head teacher was strict. He ordered that boy students(should)_wear(wear) short hair.bHe had to obey the order that he(should)finish(finish) the secret task ahead of time. 能力提升完成句子把你必須要做的事情列一個(gè)清單，然后按照重要性把它們進(jìn)行排序。Make a list of what you have to do, and put them in_order_of importance.我給他打

19、了兩次電話，可是沒接通。電話線可能是出故障了。I telephoned him twice but I couldnt get through. The line might have been out_of_order (1)order sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事order that.(should)do 命令(2)in order 井然有序；適宜的out of order 紊亂的；出故障的in order of 以的順序(3)place an order for sth.(with sb.) (和某人) 訂購(gòu)某物 佳句背誦 All the things in the room

20、 were out of order, but she quickly put them in order.房間里所有的東西都雜亂無序，可她很快就將它們收拾得井井有條了。名師點(diǎn)津 order作動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，后面的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣，從句的謂語要用(should)do形式。作名詞用，表示“命令”時(shí)，相關(guān)的從句也要用虛擬語氣。詞塊助記in the right/correct order按照正確的順序obey orders 服從命令 stressn壓力，重壓；強(qiáng)調(diào)vt.重音；著重；強(qiáng)調(diào)；重讀基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空a.(全國(guó)卷)If you feel stressed(stress) by respons

21、ibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(識(shí)別) those of greater and less importance.b(江蘇卷) It is also a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful(stress) society.(上海卷)Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under,_the better your performance

22、 will be.能力提升一句多譯老師經(jīng)常強(qiáng)調(diào)勤奮在通往成功之路上的重要性。Teachers often stress_the_importance_of diligence in the approach to success. (stress v)Teachers often lay/put/place_stress_on diligence in the approach to success. (stress n) (1)lay/put/place stress on sth.把重點(diǎn)放在某事上；強(qiáng)調(diào)某事under stress 在壓力之下under the stress of 為所迫(

23、2)stress the importance of. 強(qiáng)調(diào)的重要性 (3)stressed adj.焦慮不安的，感到有壓力的stressful adj. 壓力重的；緊張的佳句背誦 Researches have shown that smiling can lower blood pressure, reduce stress and boost happiness.研究表明微笑可以降低血壓、舒緩壓力、增進(jìn)快樂。詞塊助記relieve stress緩解壓力ease stress 減輕壓力 conditionn狀況；條件；環(huán)境基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空a.(安徽卷)What I want you t

24、o realize is that everybody is likely to be in poor condition.bOn no condition can we give up our dreams. Only if we stick to our dreams will we be able to get over all kinds of challenges.(安徽卷)In fact, it is many young peoples ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditio

25、ns(condition)能力提升詞匯升級(jí)(普通表達(dá))You can borrow my book if you return it before Friday. (高級(jí)表達(dá))You can borrow my book on_condition_that you return it before Friday. (1)be in good/bad/poor condition 狀態(tài)良好/不佳out of condition 健康狀況不佳/條件狀況欠佳(2)on condition that 如果；在條件下；倘若on no condition 決不(3)under.conditions 在條件

26、下 名師點(diǎn)津 (1)condition表示“(工作或生活)環(huán)境”時(shí)，通常要用復(fù)數(shù)形式；表示“狀況”時(shí)，為不可數(shù)名詞，表示“條件”時(shí)，則為可數(shù)名詞。(2)on no condition位于句首時(shí)，句子要用部分倒裝。 bring up養(yǎng)育；撫養(yǎng)；提出(話題)；嘔吐；教育一詞多義寫出下列句中bring up的含義He brought up a practical plan in the meeting, but got rejected.提出(福建卷) Born into a family with three brothers，David was brought up to value the s

27、ense of sharing.教育They have very definite ideas on how to bring up children.養(yǎng)育能力提升完成句子(江西卷)Some people fear that air pollution may bring_about_changes(引起變化) in the weather around the world.(江西卷)The government plans to bring_in_new_laws(推行新法) forcing parents to take more responsibility for the educat

28、ion of their children.bring about引起，導(dǎo)致bring back 歸還；帶回；(事物)使記起；恢復(fù)bring down 使倒下；降低bring in 吸引；引進(jìn)；賺得 佳句背誦 Being brought up in the countryside made Mr. Wilson more hardworking than others. 在鄉(xiāng)村被撫養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)大使得威爾遜先生比他人更努力。 the way定語從句(教材原句)Treat others in the way you want to be treated.己所不欲，勿施于人?；A(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空a.The

29、way that/which was put forward by him to do the experiment was similar to the way that you carried it out.bI will tell the way in which you can learn English well, because I know the way that/which you have accepted is not the best.(2019北京卷) Most people believe the best way to_build(build) a great t

30、eam is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. 能力提升完成句子(湖北卷)使我吃驚的不是他說的什么而是他說話的方式。What surprised me was not_what_he_said_but_the_way_(that/in_which)_he_said_it (1)way表示“方式；方法”時(shí)，其后常接in which或that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，也可以將關(guān)系詞in which或that省略掉，此時(shí)關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語；(2)way后接定語從句時(shí)，如果關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語或賓語則用關(guān)系代詞that/which，作賓語時(shí)

31、還可以省略，作主語時(shí)不可省略；(3)way表示“方式；方法”時(shí)，其后還可接不定式或of doing sth.形式。 佳句背誦 The way people do things highlights many of the differences between cultures.人們做事的方式突顯了許多文化差異。Is this the way you can imagine of reducing air pollution？這是你能想到的減少空氣污染的方法嗎？ the reason why.is that.的原因是(教材原句)Mencius believed that the reason

32、why man is different from animals is that man is good.孟子認(rèn)為人區(qū)別于動(dòng)物的原因就在于人性本善。基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空a.The reason why he failed the English exam was that he didnt learn it well.bIs this the reason_that/which he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?(全國(guó)卷)The reason for which I cannot accompany yo

33、u to the bookstore is that I have to attend an important class meeting.a.Sorry, we are late. Thats because we were held up in the traffic jam.bWe were held up in the traffic jam and thats why we are late.能力提升句式升級(jí)(普通表達(dá))People carry umbrellas in hot summer days because the hot sun may be harmful to th

34、e exposed skin.(高級(jí)表達(dá))The_reason_why_people_carry_umbrellas_in_hot_summer_days_is_that_the_hot_sun_may_be_harmful_to_the_exposed_skin.(why引導(dǎo)的定語從句) (1)the reason why .is that .，表示“的原因是”， 其中why引導(dǎo)定語從句，that引導(dǎo)表語從句。(2)reason常見的句式：the reason for sth./doing sth. is/was that .the reason why/for which.is/was t

35、hat .the reason that/which定語從句 is/was that .(3)That/This is because.表示“這是因?yàn)椤?，because引導(dǎo)的表語從句表示原因；That/This is why. 表示“這就是的原因”，why引導(dǎo)的表語從句表示結(jié)果。 名師點(diǎn)津 the reason后接定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用why/for which還是用that/which，取決于其在定語從句中所承擔(dān)的句子成分。缺少主語、賓語、表語用that或which；缺少狀語用why或for which。維度一在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式1Yet would it be surprising

36、 if I tell you that high school life in the US is almost as stressful(stress) and demanding as it is in China?2Honestly(honest), I find it hard to put up with my roommate these days, who is always returning late and making much noise. 3As far as Im concerned, I learn English not only because of its

37、importance(important) but also because of my love for it.4Learning to read and write opens the door to a better job and better living conditions(condition)5The boy, brought(bring) up in the countryside, has a strong interest in the colourful city life.維度二在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~1In conclusion, there is no othe

38、r better way that they can think of to deal with the problem.2The reason why the student was absent from class was not the reason that/which he gave me.3As your friend, I know how hard you have been studying Chinese and I am proud of your achievement.4The two sides did not agree on the subject for t

39、he first time, so today they will sit down once more to have a discussion.5How long do you think the two countries will be at war with each other?維度三派生詞練習(xí)1He is a very influential person.He has an important influence on peoples ideas.(influence)2I dislike their argument but they often argue with eac

40、h other about some small matters.(argue)3All men are born equal,_so everyone hopes to be treated equally because equality is the basic demand.(equal)4His great contributions to the company have contributed to its rapid development in recent years.(contribute)5The honest boy impressed all the employe

41、rs with his honesty(honest)維度四完成句子/句型轉(zhuǎn)換1盡管她是在城市出生并被撫養(yǎng)大的，但她喜歡鄉(xiāng)村生活。Though born_and_brought_up in the city, she prefers life in the country.2輪船的引擎發(fā)生了故障，而惡劣的天氣增加了海員們的無助感。The engines of the ship were out_of_order and the bad weather added to the helplessness of the crew at sea. 3Tom overslept this mornin

42、g. That was why he was late for work.The_reason_why Tom was late for work was_that he overslept this morning.4Can you work out a way? We can solve the problem in this way.Can you work out a way that we can solve the problem?Can you work out a way in_which we can solve the problem?5They agreed to len

43、d us the car as long as we returned it before the weekend.They agreed to lend us the car on_condition_that we returned it before the weekend.提能一語段填空(短文中黑體部分為本模塊核心知識(shí)點(diǎn)，請(qǐng)補(bǔ)全短文，并背誦體會(huì)黑體部分用法)Mr. Smith who 1.was_brought(bring) up in Texas was equal to 2.doing(do) the difficult job. The reason 3.why he becam

44、e 4.an influential figure in the company is that he always worked 5.harder(hard) than anyone else. He stressed the 6.importance(important) of order, honesty and justice. He 7.invented(invent) several better management principles in order to improve the working 8.conditions(condition). And it turned

45、out to be very effective. All his workmates thought that he made great contributions to the development of the company. Unfortunately, he was 9.in poor condition at the age of 60, so he 10.resigned(resign) several days ago.提能二話題寫作(用本模塊詞匯、句式和語法知識(shí)寫滿分作文)假設(shè)你是高三學(xué)生李華，你的英國(guó)朋友Jim在給你的郵件中提到他對(duì)中國(guó)歷史人物很感興趣，并請(qǐng)你介紹一位

46、你喜歡的中國(guó)歷史人物。請(qǐng)你給Jim回信，內(nèi)容包括：該人物是誰；該人物的主要貢獻(xiàn)。1補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(黑體部分請(qǐng)用本模塊所學(xué)詞匯)知道你對(duì)中國(guó)歷史很感興趣，對(duì)此我感到很自豪。I know that you are_interested_in_Chinese_history,_and I feel_very_proud_of it.我最喜歡的中國(guó)歷史人物是張衡，因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)無與倫比的發(fā)明家。My favourite figure in Chinese history is Zhang Heng, because he was a_great_inventor_without_equal他生于公元78年，

47、并在一個(gè)大家庭中被撫養(yǎng)成人。Born in 78 AD, he was_brought_up in a big family.在他的一生中有許多具有影響力的發(fā)明，其中包括著名的地震儀。During his life, he made_many_influential_inventions,_including the famous seismograph. 他為科學(xué)和人類社會(huì)的進(jìn)步做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。He made_great_contributions_to_the_progress of science and human society.2升級(jí)平淡句用“介詞which”非限制性定語從句升級(jí)

48、句I_know_that_you_are_interested_in_Chinese_history,_of_which_I_feel_very_proud.用“the reason why . is that . ”升級(jí)句The_reason_why_my_favourite_figure_in_Chinese_history_is_Zhang_Heng_is_that_he_was_a_great_inventor_without_equal.3銜接成美文(注意用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡銜接詞匯：in conclusion)_One possible version：Dear Jim，I know th

49、at you are interested in Chinese history, of which I feel very proud. The reason why my favourite figure in Chinese history is Zhang Heng is that he was a great inventor without equal.Born in 78 AD, he was brought up in a big family. During his life, he made many influential inventions, including th

50、e famous seismograph. In conclusion, he made great contributions to the progress of science and human society.Yours，Li Hua (建議用時(shí)：35分鐘).閱讀理解A(2020沈陽教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)一)With smart technology increasingly influencing all aspects of our lives, it is only a matter of time before someone invents smart shoesones that

51、can be made based on personal needs. Called “ShiftWear”， the sneakers are the brainchild of a team of businessmen, and engineers led by New Yorkbased designer David Coelho.The adaptable shoes can be customized by using a smart phone app. Shoe owners will have the option of selecting a design from a

52、variety of HD patterns by famous artists or creating one themselves. The companys founders imagine the marketplace where artists can not only share but also sell their designs to others. Despite being electronic, the designs are clearly visible even in the brightest sunlight. Whats even cooler is th

53、at by switching on backlight, users can even show their designs in the dark!According to Coelho, the sneakers will keep their charge forever if only images are displayed. Though they will need periodic recharging, active users have nothing to worry about. Thats because the shoes are equipped with sp

54、ecial WalkNCharge technology that powers the shoeswith every step. Inactive users also have options of charging the sneakers without using wires.The bottom part of the shoes is covered with Kevlar fibers, a kind of strong material, reducing normal wear and tear. Even better, they are completely wate

55、rproof(防水的) and can even be thrown into an ordinary laundry machine for a quick wash! The company predicts that the shoes will range in price from $150 to $1，000 depending on the size of the EPanels where the designs are displayed.This is not the first time that electronics and shoes have combined.

56、Lithuaniabased iShuh Technologies has come up with a similar concept that connects ereader panels to a smart phone app via the Bluetooth. Whether these smart shoes become as popular as our smart devices remains to be seen, though they surely are attractive.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了一種智能運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋。1What can we kn

57、ow about the smart shoes from the text?AThe electronic designs can not be seen clearly at night.BThe designers make sure every pair of sneakers is unique.CThe bottom part of the shoes can last longer due to special materials.DThe shoes have to be washed by hand to protect the electronics.C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根

58、據(jù)第四段第一句“The bottom part of the shoes is covered with Kevlar fibers, a kind of strong material, reducing normal wear and tear.”可知，鞋子的底部附著凱芙拉合成纖維，這是一種增強(qiáng)材料，可以減少正常的磨損；據(jù)此可知，由于使用了特殊的材料，這種鞋子的鞋底耐磨，故C項(xiàng)正確。2What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?AHow the sneakers are charged.BHow the sneakers can work well.CW

59、hat images the sneakers show.DWhat technology the sneakers carry.A解析：段落大意題。通讀第三段可知，該段第一句“According to Coelho, the sneakers will keep their charge forever if only images are displayed.”為該段的主題句，并結(jié)合全段內(nèi)容可知，該段主要介紹了這種鞋子是如何充電的：活躍的用戶可以通過走路來充電，不活躍的用戶也可以不用電線充電，故A項(xiàng)正確。3The varied prices of the sneakers mainly depend on _.Athe length of the shoesBthe size of their EPanelsCthe designers of the shoesDthe material of their bottomsB解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段尾句“The company predicts that the shoes will range in price from