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1、Module 4 Great Scientists一、語(yǔ)基必備知識(shí)(一)重點(diǎn)詞匯分類記憶.閱讀詞匯在不認(rèn)識(shí)的詞匯前劃nickname nspecies n. original adj. bestseller n.diagnose vt. victim n.brilliant adj. career n.brief adj. partly adv.physical adj. relativity n.rocket n. arrow n.straight adj. .核心詞匯寫其形1leading adj. 主要的2figure n. 人物3publish vt. 出版4breakthrough

2、n. 突破5support vt. 支持6replace vt. 取代；以代替7escape vi. 逃跑；逃避8clear vi. (煙霧)消散.拓展詞匯通其變1educate vt.教育education n教育educator n教育工作者；教師2agriculture n農(nóng)業(yè)agricultural adj.農(nóng)業(yè)的3produce v生產(chǎn)production n產(chǎn)量producer n生產(chǎn)者4export vt.出口import vt.進(jìn)口(反義詞)5graduate vi.畢業(yè) n畢業(yè)生graduation n畢業(yè)6personal adj.個(gè)人的personally adv.就自己

3、而言personality n性格；個(gè)性；人格7explode vi.爆炸explosion n爆炸；爆炸聲1.s結(jié)尾的單復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞works工廠series 系列means 方法crossroads 十字路口remains 剩余物species (生物)物種2.合成名詞“v.adv.”大觀園breakthrough突破breakdown 故障；破損breakup 破裂；瓦解takeaway 外賣食物warmup 熱身運(yùn)動(dòng) gettogether 聚會(huì)3.“經(jīng)濟(jì)生活”常用到export出口import 進(jìn)口invest 投資bid 出價(jià)；投標(biāo)distribute 分配；分布discount

4、打折(二)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)記牢用活1bring_up培養(yǎng)；養(yǎng)育2the_key_to_(doing)_sth. (做)某事的關(guān)鍵3._as_a_result_of 由于的結(jié)果4be_known_for 因而出名/聞名5earn_ones_living 謀生6come_to_power 掌權(quán)7bring_in 引進(jìn)；帶來(lái)8carry_out 實(shí)施；履行；完成(任務(wù))1.由the key to想到的the approach to的方法the access to 的通道the answer to 的答案the notes to 的注釋the entrance to 的入口2.carry相關(guān)短語(yǔ)多棱鏡carr

5、y out 實(shí)施；履行；完成(任務(wù))carry on 繼續(xù)；維持carry through 貫徹到底；成功完成carry away 拿走；運(yùn)走carry back 帶回；使回想起3.“be knownprep.”短語(yǔ)小結(jié)be known for因而出名/聞名be known as 作為而出名be known to 為熟知be known by 被所知 (三)重點(diǎn)句式背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：keep賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep_the_rocket_moving in a straight

6、 direction. 這些管子被綁在一根長(zhǎng)棍上，這根長(zhǎng)棍能使火箭沿直線移動(dòng)。句型2：現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)Or was he carried miles into space, becoming_the_worlds_first_astronaut？或者他被帶到了太空中數(shù)英里的地方，成為世界上第一個(gè)宇航員？二、語(yǔ)境強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練.語(yǔ)境填詞根據(jù)提示寫出該詞的適當(dāng)形式A根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示寫出下列單詞1Surgeons have made a great breakthrough(突破) in the kidney transplant.2To improve the quality(質(zhì)量) of our p

7、roducts, we asked for suggestions whoever had used the products. 3Most of the flood victims(受害者) had to leave all their things behind.4We have to deal with the emotional and physical(身體的) problems that go along with obesity.5Tell the story briefly(簡(jiǎn)短地) and then explain why you do or do not enjoy it.

8、B根據(jù)所給單詞寫出適當(dāng)形式6His first novel published(publish) last year is popular with many young readers.7Just then a whitehaired old woman entered, supported(support) by a girl of ten years old.8We had to wait on the freeway until the thick fog cleared(clear) at last.9Confucius was one of the great figures(fi

9、gure) in the history of China.10The house I grew up in has been taken down and_replaced(replace) by an office building.語(yǔ)境品詞寫出加黑詞匯在語(yǔ)境中的意義1(2019江蘇卷) The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on all fours and had a relatively small head.支撐2(20

10、19全國(guó)卷)A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.解脫；消遣.選詞成篇bring up; experiment with; bring in; as a result of; earn ones livingWang Gang was born and 1.brought_up in a remote mountain village, where people mainly 2.earned_their_living by farming. 3.As_a_result_of

11、lacking advanced farming technique, they lived a hard life. After new farming technique was 4.brought_in,_their life was getting better and better.the key to; carry out; be known for; be diagnosed with; come to/into powerMrs.Green 5.was_diagnosed_with breast cancer, and went to a doctor who 6.was_kn

12、own_for treating cancers. The doctor 7.carried_out a series of treatments on her, and told her that 8.the_key_to recovering rapidly is to have a relaxed mind. Following the doctors advice, she gradually picked up.完成語(yǔ)段It is reported that the newlybuilt bridge will be put into use soon. Hopefully, it

13、can 1.keep_the_traffic_flowing_smoothly(保持交通暢通). Many people become interested in the bridge, 2.making_it_a_hot_topic(使它成為一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)話題) supportvt.支持；支撐；維持；供養(yǎng)nU支持；擁護(hù)；供養(yǎng)基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語(yǔ)法填空(2018天津卷)Supported(support) by you, we can surely win in the robotic competition. a.What moves me is that my parents always suppo

14、rt me in what I want to do.bWhenever I disagree with my brother, my father comes to my support.能力提升完成句子科學(xué)家必須提出論據(jù)以支持其理論。A scientist must produce evidence in_support_of his theory.在朋友的支持下，他找到了一份新工作。這份工作使他能夠掙更多的錢來(lái)養(yǎng)活他的家人。With_his_friends_support,_he found a new job, one where he could get more money to

15、support_his_family (1)support sb.in sth.在某方面支持某人(2)come to ones support 來(lái)支持某人in support of. 支持 佳句背誦 Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents opinion unless he wants their support. 湯姆如此獨(dú)立以至于他從來(lái)都不問(wèn)父母的意見，除非他想得到他們的支持。(2019天津卷)詞塊助記support a family養(yǎng)家糊口support oneself 自力更生technical support 技術(shù)支持

16、 quantityn量；數(shù)量基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語(yǔ)法填空a.With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are_being_washed(wash) away now.bWith more and more forests cut down, a large quantity of soil is_being_washed(wash) away now.We can offer you a better price if you can buy it in quantity.能力提升詞匯升級(jí)(普通表達(dá))Before the

17、 exam, I spent a lot of time in preparing for it. Otherwise, I wouldnt have succeeded in passing the exam.(高級(jí)表達(dá))Before the exam, I spent a_large_quantity_of/a_great_deal_of time in preparing for it. Otherwise, I wouldnt have succeeded in passing the exam.a large/small quantity of大量/少量的large quantiti

18、es of 大量的；許多的in quantity 大量地 佳句背誦 Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity.專家說(shuō)，表?yè)P(yáng)的質(zhì)量比數(shù)量更重要。(2019浙江卷6月)名師點(diǎn)津 (1)a quantity of或quantities of后既可接可數(shù)名詞也可接不可數(shù)名詞。(2)“a quantity of名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致；而“quantities of名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 escapev逃跑；逃脫；逃避；被忘記n逃跑；解脫，消遣基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語(yǔ)法填空Who

19、ever breaks the law wont escape punishment/being_punished(punish)He ever had a narrow escape from the adventurous sport, so he doesnt dare to try it again. 能力提升完成句子/句式升級(jí)(普通表達(dá))The woman managed_to_escape_from_the_fire(成功逃出火場(chǎng)) with her baby. She was extremely terrified and exhausted.(高級(jí)表達(dá))The woman ma

20、naged_to_escape_from_the_fire_with_her_baby,_extremely_terrified_and_exhausted. (形容詞作狀語(yǔ)) (1)escape (doing) sth.逃脫(做)某事escape from/out of. 從逃跑，逃走(2)have a narrow escape 九死一生 佳句背誦 With the greatest of luck he managed to escape from the rising flood waters.非常幸運(yùn)，他設(shè)法從快速上漲的洪水中逃脫。詞塊助記 escape ones attention

21、/notice逃過(guò)某人的注意/被某人忽視a fire escape 安全門 clearvt.使清楚；掃清vi.變清澈；(天)變晴；(煙霧)消散adj.清澈的；晴朗的；清晰的；暢通的基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語(yǔ)法填空(福建卷)Mrs.Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess, as her children are always in the way whenever she tries to. a.(江蘇卷)It was never clear why the man hadnt reported the accident sooner. bHe didnt make

22、 it clear when and where the meeting would be held.能力提升完成句子顯然，手機(jī)在青少年中變得流行并且改變了他們的生活方式。It_is_clear_that_mobile_phones_have_become_popular_among_teenagers_and_changed_their_way_of_life. (1) clear up整理，收拾；消除(誤會(huì)等)；(天)放晴(2)make.clear 清楚表明，講清楚It is clear that. 顯然 佳句背誦 When you finish your dinner, please c

23、lear the table.吃完晚飯后，請(qǐng)你將餐桌收拾一下。詞塊助記keep a clear head/mind保持清醒的頭腦have a clear purpose/goal 有明確的目標(biāo)clear up a difficulty/misunderstanding 解決困難/消除誤會(huì) come to/into power開始執(zhí)政，掌權(quán)，上臺(tái)基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語(yǔ)法填空a.After the new president came to/into power, he took a series of measures to improve peoples life.bThe government ha

24、s been in power for twenty years, and is still going strong.cNot that I dont want to help you, but that its beyond my power to do so.(2019江蘇卷) We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages. It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful(power) animal on earth. 能力提升詞匯升級(jí)/句式升級(jí)(普

25、通表達(dá))Ill try my best to perform well in the volunteer job. (2018浙江卷6月)(高級(jí)表達(dá)) Ill do_all/everything_in_my_power to perform well in the volunteer job. (高級(jí)表達(dá)) Ill do_what_I_can to perform well in the volunteer job. (what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句) (1)in power當(dāng)權(quán)in/within ones power 有能力；力所能及beyond ones power 某人力所不能及的do every

26、thing in ones power (to do) 盡力而為；竭盡全力(2)powerful adj. 強(qiáng)大的；權(quán)力大的 佳句背誦 He came to/into power when he was 25 years old and has been in power for 60 years so far. 他25歲時(shí)開始上臺(tái)執(zhí)政，到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)執(zhí)政60年了。名師點(diǎn)津“come into名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)還有：come into being形成，產(chǎn)生come into existence 開始存在，產(chǎn)生come into effect/force 生效come into use 開始使用com

27、e into sight/view 看見；進(jìn)入視野keep賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(教材原句)The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.這些管子被綁在一根長(zhǎng)棍上，這根長(zhǎng)棍能使火箭沿直線移動(dòng)?；A(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語(yǔ)法填空a.(浙江卷)A good listener takes part in the conversation，offering ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing(flow)

28、bIt is necessary that we keep the young generation informed(inform) of the current affairs.a.(廣東卷)In other words, we should keep the earth healthy(health) while using its supply of natural resources.bHe kept his eyes closed(close) and stayed where he was. 能力提升完成句子(北京卷)為了更方便聯(lián)系我們，你最好把這張名片放在手邊。To make

29、it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep_this_card_at_hand “keep賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，這里keep為使役動(dòng)詞，意為“使繼續(xù)處于某種狀態(tài)”。(1)keep賓語(yǔ)形容詞/副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)/名詞(2)keep賓語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞 (3)keep賓語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞 佳句背誦 New technology has been brought in since newelected mayor came into power and carried out the new policy, keeping the city developin

30、g rapidly. 自從新當(dāng)選的市長(zhǎng)上臺(tái)執(zhí)政并實(shí)行新政策以來(lái)，新技術(shù)得以引進(jìn)， 使得該市迅速發(fā)展。 名師點(diǎn)津 在“keep賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，現(xiàn)在分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間為主謂關(guān)系，過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。維度一在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式1(江蘇卷)It is everybodys duty to observe the traffic rules to keep our society in order and going(go) on the right track.2Large quantities of money have_been_spent(spend) in bring

31、ing up the three children since they were born.3The boy managed to escape from the burning house, but he couldnt escape being_punished/punishment(punish) because the fire was caused by his playing with matches.4Though earning(earn) his living by selling fruit, the old man contributed much money to h

32、elp the people hit by the disaster.5After the earthquake, the electricity supply failed, making(make) the cooling system break down.維度二在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~1His success was a long story, but in brief, he succeeded after many failures.2Hangzhou, known for the West Lake, attracts many visitors every year.3The

33、 museum has been completed，but the government hasnt made it clear when it will be open to the public.4How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?The key to solving the problem is to meet the demands made by the customers.5. The artists had little faith in the politic

34、al leader who came to power after the war.維度三派生詞練習(xí)1This factory produces computers. Its producer is optimistic about the production and sale. (produce)2The government is attaching more importance to educating the younger generation. In a sense, it is the duty of every educator to do what they can fo

35、r the cause of education of China. (educate)3After graduation,_he is one of the graduates who have just graduated this year and have found a good job in Beijing.(graduate)4Two bombs exploded in the centre of our city and the explosion caused seven deaths.(explode)維度四易錯(cuò)混用1政府應(yīng)該采取有效措施來(lái)保持交通的平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行。(keep賓語(yǔ)

36、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))The government should take effective measures to keep_the_traffic_running smoothly.2More highways have been built in China, which makes it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.More highways have been built in China, making_it much easier for people to travel from one plac

37、e to another.3The new mayor is said to come into power next month.It_is_said_that the new mayor will come into power next month.4大量的水被污染了，因此湖泊聞起來(lái)很難聞。Large_quantities_of_water_have_been_polluted,_so the lake smells terrible. (quantities)A_large_quantity_of_water_has_been_polluted,_so the lake smells

38、terrible. (quantity)提能一語(yǔ)段填空(短文中黑體部分為本模塊核心知識(shí)點(diǎn)，請(qǐng)補(bǔ)全短文，并背誦體會(huì)黑體部分用法)Yuan LongpingIt is clear that in the past, many people couldnt escape 1.suffering(suffer) from hunger. A lot of them even 2.earned(earn) their living by begging. So Yuan Longping dreamed of developing a new species 3.to_increase (increas

39、e) rice production to feed more people. After 4.graduating(graduate) from university, he devoted 5.himself(he) to the research. As 6.a result of his years efforts, he made a great breakthrough 7.anddeveloped hybrid rice. Many other countries brought in large 8.quantities(quantity) of hybrid rice. Yu

40、an Longping took up his post in Qingdao Sea Rice Research and Development Center in 2017 and kept sea rice research project 9.making(make) great progress. 10.In brief, Yuan Longping lives up to the “Father of Hybrid Rice”， and thus has been awarded the Life Science Prize.提能二話題寫作(用本模塊詞匯、句式和語(yǔ)法知識(shí)寫滿分作文)

41、假定你是李華，應(yīng)你校校報(bào)英文版編輯邀請(qǐng)寫一篇介紹亞歷山大弗萊明的短文。寫作要點(diǎn)如下：簡(jiǎn)要介紹人物；介紹人物的貢獻(xiàn)；對(duì)人物進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。1補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(黑體部分請(qǐng)用本模塊所學(xué)詞匯)亞歷山大弗萊明出生在蘇格蘭并由母親和哥哥撫養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)大。Alexander Fleming was born in Scotland and was_brought_up by his mother and his elder brother. 在他們的支持下，他在倫敦的一個(gè)醫(yī)學(xué)院接受教育。Supported_by_them,_he got_educated in a medical school in London. 1906年

42、他作為優(yōu)秀生從該校畢業(yè)。In 1906, he graduated_from the school as a top student. 他對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)，但是發(fā)現(xiàn)青霉素使他獲得了終生的榮譽(yù)。He made great contributions to medical science, but it was his discovery of penicillin that earned_him_a_lasting_reputation因?yàn)檫@個(gè)成就他聞名于世，并獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)。He was_known_for_that_achievement,_and for it he received

43、a Nobel Prize.很顯然，弗萊明是歷史上才華橫溢的科學(xué)家之一。It_is_clear_that Fleming is one_of_the_brilliant_scientists in history. 2升級(jí)平淡句用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)升級(jí)句Born_in_Scotland,_Alexander_Fleming_was_brought_up_by_his_mother_and_his_elder_brother.用“介詞which”非限制性定語(yǔ)從句升級(jí)句He_was_known_for_that_achievement,_for_which_he_received_a_Nobel_Pr

44、ize.3銜接成美文_One possible version：Born in Scotland, Alexander Fleming was brought up by his mother and his elder brother. Supported by them, he got educated in a medical school in London. In 1906, he graduated from the school as a top student. He made great contributions to medical science, but it was

45、 his discovery of penicillin that earned him a lasting reputation. He was known for that achievement, for which he received a Nobel Prize.It is clear that Fleming is one of the brilliant scientists in history. (建議用時(shí)：35分鐘).閱讀理解A(2020沈陽(yáng)高三質(zhì)檢)Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists

46、 are born and not made.Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental maths.I have only the unmemorable memory of the hou

47、se we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and almost all the insects.I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I ha

48、ve a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading about other peoples observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my

49、 conscious mind. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books，which some might honour with the title of scientific research.But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist：One of the outstanding and essential qualities required

50、is selfdiscipline, a quality I lack. A scientist requires not only selfdiscipline but all training, determination and a goal. A scientist, up to a point, can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，作者通過(guò)自身的經(jīng)歷明白了一個(gè)道理：博物學(xué)家是天生的，而科學(xué)家則是可以

51、后天培養(yǎng)的。1What impressed the author deeply during his childhood?AWildlife.BMusic.CLanguages.DLiterature.A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and almost all the insects.”可知，作者在童年時(shí)，印象深刻的是那些野生生物，故選A。2Why cant the author remember his relat

52、ives clearly?AHe didnt live with them for long.BThe family was extremely large.CHe was fully occupied with observing nature.DHe was too young when he lived with them.C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and almost all the insects.”可

53、推知，作者童年時(shí)期過(guò)于專注自然界而對(duì)周圍的親戚并不是很在意，所以沒有深刻的印象，這與第四段第二句中的“I have a strong love of the natural world”呼應(yīng)，故選C。3According to the author, what personality should a born naturalist have first of all?ABeing knowledgeable.BBeing selfdiscipline.CBeing full of ambition.DBeing full of enthusiasm.D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段前兩句“I

54、am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations.”可知，作者從小熱愛自然界，而且這種熱情使作者做了很多不同的調(diào)查，成了一個(gè)博物學(xué)家。由此可推知，一個(gè)天生的博物學(xué)家首先要充滿熱情，故選D。4Why does the author say he is a naturalist, not a scientist?AHe thinks he lacks some quality requ

55、ired of a scientist.BHe thinks he has much trouble doing mental arithmetic.CHe thinks he comes up with solutions in a most natural way.DHe thinks he just reads about other peoples observations.A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do

56、 not make a scientist：One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is selfdiscipline, a quality I lack.”可知，作者認(rèn)為自己只是一個(gè)博物學(xué)家而不是一個(gè)科學(xué)家是因?yàn)樽约喝狈Τ蔀榭茖W(xué)家的某種必備的素質(zhì)，故選A。B(2020合肥第二次質(zhì)檢)In todays society, language plays a key role in defining gender(性別) by vocabulary, and also the nonverbal(非語(yǔ)言的) vocabular

57、y. Each one of these different types of ways of communicating is obviously different between men and women.Many different studies show that men tend to talk much more than women. It has also been proven that women tend to speak faster than men. This is due to the fact that women tend to be interrupt

58、ed more often than men are, and also have the ability to speak more clearly, precisely, and more quickly than men. In one study it was found that women spoke for an average of three minutes describing a painting, as opposed to the thirteenminute average it took men to describe it.Men and women also

59、tend to have a very different nonverbal way of communicating, which can also make it very hard for one another to understand what the opposite sex is trying to say. Mens body language is much more reserved when they are talking to women. Men tend not to make as much eye contact and they generally st

60、ay farther away from women when talking to them. Men avoid other peoples body space while talking, and they also tend to sit back when talking. All of these have given off the impression of disinterest or boredom. Women are by far better listeners and much more enjoyable to talk with and they tend to raise more topics for conversation.Women also make it clearer whether or not the conversation is going somewhere or just stuck in neutral. After learning about our styles of communicating