《（江蘇專版）2020版高考英語大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題3 閱讀理解 第二節(jié) 推理判斷題 三 寫作意圖題學(xué)案 牛津譯林版》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《（江蘇專版）2020版高考英語大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題3 閱讀理解 第二節(jié) 推理判斷題 三 寫作意圖題學(xué)案 牛津譯林版（21頁珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、三、寫作意圖題(2019天津，D)WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman？Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning，andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives，hedeterminestowriteabook.Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtothew

2、orldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes，andthebookwasDonQuixote(堂吉訶德).Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion：whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays，whileothersgotoseedlongbefore?Weveallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlifeshalfwaymark.Imnottalkingab

3、outthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecantallgetthere.Imtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.Mostofus，infact，progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthenbecometrappedinit.

4、Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But，ifwearewillingtolearn，theopportunitiesareeverywhere.Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskills.Welearntobearwiththethingswecantchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease，somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveusanideathattr

5、oublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm，wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitistohavemeaninginourlife.However，wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos(自我)，whethertolovedones，tofellowhumans，towork，ortosomemoralconcept.

6、Manyofusequate(視等同于) “commitment”withsuch“caring”occupationsasteachingandnursing.Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuchexcellencewhethertheyaredrivingatruck，orrunningastoremaketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekindofpeopletheyare.Theyvelearnedlifesmostv

7、aluablelesson.語篇解讀本文從西班牙文學(xué)巨匠塞萬提斯講起，告訴我們不論身處哪個(gè)年齡階段，只要有目標(biāo)，并且愿意學(xué)習(xí)，就可能取得成功。51.ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervantestoshowthat.A.lossoffreedomstimulatesonescreativityB.ageisnotabarriertoachievingonesgoalC.miseryinspiresamantofightagainsthisfateD.disabilitycannotstopamanspursuitofsuccess答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一、

8、二段內(nèi)容可知，塞萬提斯成年后生活坎坷，但他決心寫一本書，結(jié)果這本書暢銷了350多年，有些人直到生命的最后時(shí)刻都在發(fā)現(xiàn)新的活力和創(chuàng)意。由此可推知，作者以塞萬提斯的故事開頭是為了告訴我們年齡不是實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的障礙。52.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean?A.Endonesstruggleforliberty.B.Wasteonesenergytakingrisks.C.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.D.Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.答案D解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合畫線短

9、語所在句可知，人們?cè)谶€沒到達(dá)人生的終點(diǎn)之前就失去了繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)的興趣。故選D項(xiàng)。53.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4?A.Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselvestrapped.B.Thosewhotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead.C.Opportunityfavorsthosewithacuriousmind.D.Opportunityawaitsthosewithacautiousmind.答案C解析推理判斷題。通讀第四段可知，該段是說我們中大多數(shù)人總是減少自己生活的多樣性，困在自己的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域，沒有

10、什么能給我們帶來驚喜，但是只要我們?cè)敢鈱W(xué)，到處都是機(jī)會(huì)。據(jù)此可推知，機(jī)會(huì)青睞有求知欲的人。54.WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph5?A.Atoughmancantoleratesuffering.B.Awisemancanlivewithoutself-pity.C.Amanshouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim.D.Amanshouldlearnsuitablewaystodealwithlife.答案D解析推理判斷題。通讀第五段可知，該段說到我們成熟之后學(xué)會(huì)忍受自己改變不了的事，學(xué)會(huì)避免自我哀憐；知道有些人是我

11、們無論怎么做都討好不了的，而這種想法最初會(huì)困擾我們，但最終我們會(huì)感到釋然。由此可知，作者在第五段想告訴我們應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)用合適的方式對(duì)待生活，因此選D。55.Whatistheauthorspurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife.B.Tostresstheneedofshoulderingresponsibilitiesatwork.C.Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationforlearning.D.Tosuggestawayofpursui

12、ngexcellenceinourlifelongcareer.答案A解析寫作意圖題。通讀全文可知，本文通過塞萬提斯的經(jīng)歷告訴我們要讓自己成年的生活充滿意義。一、題型解讀各種話題的閱讀材料都可能考查寫作意圖/目的題。設(shè)問形式常有：1.整篇文章的寫作意圖/目的：(1)Theauthorwritesthispassageinorderto.(2)Theauthorofthepassageaimsto.(3)Thepurposeofthepassageisto.(4)Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?(5)Whatistheauthorsintentionofwrit

13、ingthispassage?(6)Theauthorofthestorywantstotellusthat.2.某處細(xì)節(jié)的寫作意圖/目的：(1)Theauthoruses.inthefirstparagraphto.(2)Theauthorusestheexampleof.to.(3)Theauthorwritesthelastparagraphinorderto.(4)Whydoestheauthormention.inthefirstparagraph?二、解題技巧1.文體特點(diǎn)推意圖(1)記敘文：一般會(huì)在首段或尾段出現(xiàn)高度概括的總結(jié)性的語言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有的敘述都是圍繞該哲理

14、展開。(2)廣告類應(yīng)用文：文章中有對(duì)某種物品或服務(wù)的詳盡介紹，使用具有明顯支持傾向的語言。(3)說明文：寫作目的有賴于對(duì)文章主旨的把握，閱讀時(shí)需要找準(zhǔn)主題句。(4)議論文：提出論點(diǎn)進(jìn)行論證得出結(jié)論，作者的意圖往往隱含于最后一部分中。2.看寫作手法找答案(1)在文章開頭提出問題或介紹與主題有關(guān)的其他事物時(shí)答案中往往會(huì)含有tobringin/tointroducethetopic等字眼。(2)舉例或引用某人的話時(shí)答案中往往會(huì)含有tosupport/toshow等字眼。例如：【真題感悟】中的第55題，文章為議論文，文章先提出論點(diǎn)，再進(jìn)行論證，最后得出結(jié)論：我們要讓自己的成年生活充滿意義。A(2019

15、南徐鹽常四市聯(lián)考)Someofthegreatestmomentsinhumanhistorywerefuelledbyemotionalintelligence.WhenMartinLutherKing，Jr.presentedhisdream，hechoselanguagethatwouldstirtheheartsofhisaudience.Deliveringthiselectrifying(令人激動(dòng)的) messagerequiredemotionalintelligencetheabilitytorecognize，understand，andmanageemotions.Emot

16、ionalintelligencehasbeenhighlyrecommendedbyleaders，policymakers，andeducatorsasthesolutiontoawiderangeofsocialproblems.Ifwecanteachourchildrentomanageemotions，theargumentgoes，wellhavelessbullyingandmorecooperation.Ifwecancultivateemotionalintelligenceamongleadersanddoctors，wellhavemorecaringworkplace

17、sandmorecompassionatehealthcare.Emotionalintelligenceisimportant，buttheuncontrolledenthusiasmhasobscured(掩蓋) adarkside.Newevidenceshowsthatwhenpeoplesharpentheiremotionalskills，theybecomebetteratmanipulating(控制) others.Whenyouregoodatcontrollingyourownemotions，youcanhideyourtruefeelings.Whenyouknoww

18、hatothersarefeeling，youcan1motivatethemtoactagainsttheirownbestinterests.Socialscientistshavebeguntodocumentthisdarksideofemotionalintelligence.11InaresearchledbyUniversityofprofessorJochenMenges，whenaleadergaveaninspiringspeechfilledwithemotion，theaudiencewaslesslikelytoscrutinize(細(xì)致審查) themessagea

19、ndrememberedofthecontent.Ironicallyaudiencemembersweresomovedbythespeechthattheyclaimedtorecallmoreofit.Theauthorscallthistheawestruckeffect，butitmightjustaseasilybedescribedasthedumbstruckeffect.OneobserverreflectedthatHitlerspersuasive6impactcamefromhisabilitytostrategicallyexpressemotionshewould“

20、tearopenhisheart”andtheseemotionsaffectedhisfollowerstothepointthattheywould“stopthinking2criticallyandjustemote”.Leaderswho7masteremotionscanrobusofourcapacitiestoreason.Iftheirvaluesareoutofstepwithourown，theresultscanbedestructive.Newevidencesuggeststhatwhenpeoplehaveself-servingmotives(動(dòng)機(jī))，emoti

21、onalintelligencebecomesaweaponformanipulatingothers.InastudyledbytheUniversityofTorontopsychologistStephaneCote，universityemployeesfilledoutasurveyabouttheirMachiavellian(不擇手段的) tendencies，andtookatestmeasuringtheirknowledgeabouteffectivestrategiesformanagingemotions.Then，Cotesteamassessedhowoftenth

22、eemployeesdeliberatelyundermined(逐漸削弱) theircolleagues.Theemployees9involvedinthemostharmfulbehaviorswereMachiavellianswithhighemotionalintelligence.Theyusedtheiremotionalskillstolowerthedignityoftheirpeersforpersonalgain.Shiningalightonthisdarksideofemotionalintelligenceisonemissionofaresearchteaml

23、edbyUniversityCollegeLondonprofessorMartinKilduff.Accordingtotheseexperts，emotionalintelligencehelpspeopledisguise(偽裝) onesetofemotionswhileexpressinganotherforpersonalgain.ProfessorKilduffsteamwrites，“Thestrategicdisguiseofonesownemotionsandthemanipulationofothersemotionsforstrategicendsarebehavior

24、sevidentnotonlyonShakespearesstagebutalsointheofficesandcorridorswherepowerandinfluencearetraded.”O(jiān)fcourse，peoplearentalwaysusingemotionalintelligencefornefariousends.Moreoftenthannot，emotionalskillsaresimplyinstrumentaltoolsforgoalaccomplishment.AresearchteamdiscoveredthatfounderAnitaRoddickusedemo

25、tionalintelligencetoinspireheremployeesfundraiseforcharity.AsRoddickexplained，“Wheneverwewantedtopersuadeourstafftosupportaparticularprojectwealwaystriedtobreaktheirhearts.”Thereisgrowingrecognitionthatemotionalintelligencelikeanyskillcanbeusedforgoodorevil.Soifweregoingtoteachemotionalintelligencei

26、nschoolsanddevelopitatwork，weneedtoconsiderthevaluesthatgoalongwithitandwhereitsactuallyuseful.1.WhydoestheauthormentionMartinLutherKing，Jr.?A.Tohonorthegreatleaderforhiscourage.B.Torecommendhisspeechtootherleaders.C.Toimpressthereaderswithamajortopic.D.Toadvocateasocietywithfewerproblems.答案C解析寫作意圖題

27、。根據(jù)第一段中的“Someofthegreatestmomentsinhumanhistorywerefuelledbyemotionalintelligence.”可知，人類歷史上一些最偉大的時(shí)刻是由情商推動(dòng)的，緊接著作者提到馬丁路德金就是為了給讀者留下深刻的印象，故C項(xiàng)正確。2.Whichofthefollowingbelongstoadarksideofemotionalintelligence?A.Developingthecapabilitytocontrolonesownemotion.B.Inducingpeopletodowhatbringsdisadvantagestothe

28、m.C.Appealingtotheaudiencetoconcentrateandremembermore.D.Encouragingthemovedaudiencetorecallmoreofthespeech.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句及最后一句可知，情商重要，但失控的熱情掩蓋了它的黑暗面，當(dāng)你知道別人的感受時(shí)，你可以激勵(lì)他們違背自己的最佳利益，由此可知，誘導(dǎo)人們做對(duì)他們不利的事情屬于情商的黑暗面之一，故B項(xiàng)正確。3.WhatisthedumbstruckeffectofHitlersemotionalintelligence?A.Hisfollowerswouldtearo

29、pentheirheartstohim.B.Hisfollowerswouldexpressemotionsstrategically.C.Hisfollowerswouldlosetheabilitytoreasonproperly.D.Hisfollowerswoulddeveloptheself-servingmotives.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第二句可知，希特勒之所以極具說服力，是因?yàn)樗心芰?zhàn)略性地表達(dá)自己的情緒，這些情緒會(huì)影響到他的追隨者，讓他們不再批判性地思考，而只是發(fā)泄情緒，由此可知，希特勒情商的驚人影響是使他的追隨者失去了正確推理的能力，故C項(xiàng)正確。4.Howdo

30、peopleusetheiremotionalintelligenceforpersonalgain?A.Theydisguisetheiremotionstoearnotherstrust.B.Theyhelptheircolleaguestobuildupconfidence.C.Theypresenttheirstrategicbehaviorsonthestage.D.Theylowertheirowndignitytogainpopularity.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段中的“emotionalintelligencehelpspeopledisguise(偽裝) onese

31、tofemotionswhileexpressinganotherforpersonalgain”及“Thestrategicdisguiseofonesownemotionsandthemanipulationofothersemotionsforstrategicendsarebehaviorsevident”可知，人們通過掩飾自己的情緒贏得別人的信任來獲取個(gè)人利益，故A項(xiàng)正確。5.Whichmaymeanthesameastheunderlinedword“nefarious”inParagraph8?A.Immoral.B.Unimportant.C.Illegal.D.Uncontr

32、ollable.答案A解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句及其后一句可知，人們并不總是利用情商來達(dá)到邪惡的目的，通常情感技巧只是實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的工具，由此可知畫線詞詞義為“邪惡的，不道德的”，故A項(xiàng)正確。6.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheBenefitsofEmotionalIntelligenceB.TheWaysofDisguisingOnesEmotionsC.TheReasonsforUsingEmotionalSkillsD.TheDarkSideofEmotionalIntelligence答案D解析標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文，特別是第三段中的

33、“Emotionalintelligenceisimportant，buttheuncontrolledenthusiasmhasobscured(掩蓋) adarkside.”可知，情商固然重要，但失控的熱情掩蓋了它的黑暗面，本文主要介紹的就是情商的黑暗面，故D項(xiàng)正確。B(2019南京金陵中學(xué)、海安中學(xué)、外國語學(xué)校四模)“Beafraid.Beveryafraid，”saysa10characterinTheFly，ahorrorfilmaboutamanwhoturnsintoanenormousinsect.It3capturestheuneaseanddisgustpeopleofte

34、nfeelforthekingdomofcockroaches，Zika-carryingmosquitoesandcreepycrawliesofallkinds.However，ecologistsincreasinglyseetheinsectworldassomethingtobefrightenedfor，notfrightenedof.Inthepasttwoyears，scoresofscientificstudieshavesuggestedthattrillionsofmurmuring，droning，honeybees，butterfliesandbeetlesaredy

35、ingoff.“Ifallmankindweretodisappear”，wroteE.O.Wilson，a4respectableentomologist，“theworldwouldregenerate.Ifinsectsweretovanish，theenvironmentwouldcollapseintochaos.”Mostofthestudiesdescribedeclinesof50%andmoreoverdecadesindifferentmeasuresofinsecthealth.Theimmediate5reactionisshock.Insectsenableplant

36、storeproduce，throughpollination (授粉)，andarefoodforotheranimals，soacollapseintheirnumberswouldbecatastrophic.Butasecondlook8leadstoadifferentassessment.Ratherthancausingapanic，thestudiesshouldactasatimelywarningandareasontotakeprecautions.Thatisbecausetheworstfearisunproven.Therearenostudiesatallofwi

37、ldinsectnumbersinmostoftheworld.Reliabledataaretooscarcetodeclareaglobalemergency.Moreover，wheretheevidencedoesshowacollapseinEuropeandAmericaagriculturalandruralecosystemsareholdingup.Farmproductionstillremainshigh.Assomeinsectspeciesdieout，othersseemtobemovingintotheniches (生態(tài)位) theyhaveleft，keepi

38、ngecosystemsgoing，althoughwithlessbiodiversitythanbefore.Itishardtoarguethatinsectdeclineisyetcausingsignificanteconomicdamage.Buttherearecomplications.Agriculturalproductivityisnottheonlymeasureofenvironmentalhealth.Animalshavevalue，independentofanydirecteconomiccontributiontheymaymake.Themorespeci

39、esmakeupanecosystem，themorestableitislikelytobe.Theextinctionofafewinsectspeciesamongsomanymightnotmakeabigdifference.Thelossofhundredsofthousandswould.Andthescaleoftheobserveddeclineraisesdoubtsabouthowlongecosystemscanremainresilient (能復(fù)原的).Anexperimentinwhichresearchersgraduallypulledoutinsectpol

40、linatorsfromfieldsfoundthatplantdiversityheldupwelluntilabout90%ofinsectshadbeenremoved.Thenitcollapsed.12Giventhelackofdata，itisimpossibletoknowhowcloseEuropeandAmericaaretoanecosystemcollapse.Butitwouldberecklesstofindoutbyactuallytriggeringone.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章說明了昆蟲危機(jī)還沒有迫在眉睫，但是需要采取預(yù)防措施。否則后果不堪設(shè)想。7.W

41、hatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthefirstparagraphimply?A.Ecologistshavelongbeenafraidofthosedisgustinginsects.B.Ecologistsareworriedaboutthedisappearanceofsomeinsects.C.Ecologistshavealreadygotridoftheprejudicedfeelingaboutinsects.D.Ecologistsarerespectfuloftheinsectsabilitytoregeneratethemselves.答案B解

42、析推理判斷題。根據(jù)畫線句及其后的內(nèi)容可知，生態(tài)學(xué)家越來越多地把昆蟲世界看作是受到驚嚇的物體，而不是嚇人的物體。在過去的兩年里，大量的科學(xué)研究表明，數(shù)以萬億計(jì)的嗡嗡作響的蜜蜂、蝴蝶和甲蟲正在消失。如果所有的人類都消失了，昆蟲學(xué)家元老威爾遜寫道，“世界還會(huì)再生但如果昆蟲消失了，環(huán)境就會(huì)陷入混亂。”所以通過威爾遜所說的話可以判斷出，第一段中帶下畫線的句子暗示出，生態(tài)學(xué)家擔(dān)心一些昆蟲的消失。故B選項(xiàng)正確。8.Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromthestudiesconductedinthepasttwoyears?A.Thoughthereisadeclineinthenumber

43、ofinsects，westillhavethereasontobeoptimistic.B.Biodiversitycancauseimmediatedamagesothatweshouldtakeprecautionsrightaway.C.Datacollectedfromallovertheworldisconvincingtoproveourenvironmentisatrisk.D.Theconsequenceofdecreasingbiodiversitymaybemoreseriousthanwecanimagine.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第三、四句“Thatisbe

44、causetheworstfearisunproven.Therearenostudiesatallofwildinsectnumbersinmostoftheworld.”可知，生物多樣性減少的后果可能比我們想象的更為嚴(yán)重。故D選項(xiàng)正確。9.Whatistheauthorspurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toshowthemagicalpowerofourmothernature.B.Toanalyzewhyinsectsareontheedgeofextinction.C.Todrawpeoplesattentiontothedecreasinginsects.D

45、.Tourgethescientiststocollectmoredataaboutinsects.答案C解析寫作意圖題。通讀全文可知，短文說明了昆蟲危機(jī)還沒有迫在眉睫，但是需要預(yù)防措施。昆蟲是生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康的指標(biāo)。它們的衰落是一個(gè)警告，提醒我們要注意這一點(diǎn)，否則一切都太晚了。所以寫這篇文章的目的是引起人們對(duì)正在減少的昆蟲的注意。故C選項(xiàng)正確。.障礙詞匯突破(一)閱讀下列句子，并根據(jù)句意猜測(cè)畫線部分的意思1.Researchershaveidentifiedseveralfactorsthatmotivatepeopletogetinvolvedinvoluntarywork.激勵(lì)2.Thish

46、asgivenhimadispositiontoconsiderourtraditionscritically.批判地3.Therobberywascapturedonpolicevideocameras.記錄下，捕捉4.Hewasnowateacherandarespectablememberofthecommunity.受人尊敬的5.Ourinstinctivereactionwhensomeonecausesuspainistostrikeback.反應(yīng)(二)同義詞語替換6.FrenchhadamajorimpactontheEnglishlanguage.influence7.Shes

47、truggledtomasterherfearofheight.control8.Goodhabitsalwaysleadtohighefficiency，whilebadonesbringtheopposite.cause/resultin/bringin(三)一詞多義9.involvevt.包含；需要；涉及；影響；使參加(1)Ifyourgoalinvolvesotherpeople，putyourselfintheirpositions.影響(2)Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexp

48、erienceforgrowth.使參加(3)Acrosstalkperformanceinvolvestalking，imitating，singingandtellingjokes.包括10.charactern.性格，個(gè)性；特征；品性，人格；人物；角色；符號(hào)；文字(1)IdidntknowRonhadthatmuchstrengthofcharacter.個(gè)性(2)MichaelFishismyfavourite.Hesahoot，arealcharacter.人物(3)Schoolswerecreatedtoteachreading，mathsandmoralcharacter.人格(

49、4)ThefilmisautobiographicalandthecentralcharacterisplayedbyCollardhimself.角色(5)Acharacterisaletter，number，orothersymbolthatiswrittenorprinted.文字；符號(hào).長(zhǎng)難句理解11.InaresearchledbyUniversityofprofessorJochenMenges，whenaleadergaveaninspiringspeechfilledwithemotion，theaudiencewaslesslikelytoscrutinizethemessa

50、geandrememberedofthecontent.句式分析本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，主句是theaudiencewaslesslikelytoscrutinizethemessageandrememberedofthecontent；InaresearchledbyUniversityofprofessorJochenMenges是地點(diǎn)狀語；其中l(wèi)edbyUniversityofprofessorJochenMenges是過去分詞短語作定語；whenaleadergaveaninspiringspeechfilledwithemotion是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。精美譯文在一個(gè)由大學(xué)教授Jo

51、chenMenges主持的研究中(發(fā)現(xiàn))，當(dāng)一個(gè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人做充滿激情的演講時(shí)，聽眾不太可能細(xì)致審查內(nèi)容細(xì)節(jié)并記住演講內(nèi)容。12.Giventhelackofdata，itisimpossibletoknowhowcloseEuropeandAmericaaretoanecosystemcollapse.句式分析本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，主句是itisimpossibletoknowhowclose.；其中how引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句；Giventhelackofdata是介詞短語作狀語，譯為“考慮到數(shù)據(jù)的缺乏”。精美譯文考慮到數(shù)據(jù)的缺乏，不可能知道歐洲和美洲生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的崩潰是何等的相近。強(qiáng)化練(二十一).單項(xiàng)填空

52、1.Consideredtobealessdangeroustotobacco，“e-cigs”aretakingovertheWestasmoreandmorepeopleswitchoverwhentryingtokickthehabit.(2019蘇州八校高三聯(lián)考)A.adjustmentB.alternativeC.advertisementD.amusement答案B解析adjustment調(diào)整，適應(yīng)；alternative替代物，可供選擇的事物；advertisement廣告；amusement娛樂。句意為：隨著越來越多的人開始戒煙，被認(rèn)為是危險(xiǎn)程度更小的替代物電子煙在西方國家變得

53、流行起來了。根據(jù)句意可知使用電子煙作為煙草的替代品，故B項(xiàng)正確。2.Whatwaswrong？Whydidntyougotothepicnicasscheduled?Imsorry.Iaseriously-injuredoldmantothehospital.(2019南京六校聯(lián)合體高三月考)A.woulddeliverB.deliveredC.haddeliveredD.wasdelivering答案D解析考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意為：出什么事了？你為什么沒有按計(jì)劃去野餐？我很抱歉。我正在把一個(gè)嚴(yán)重受傷的老人送到醫(yī)院。結(jié)合句意可知此處是表示在過去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在做某事，所以用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，故選D。3.M

54、oreandmoreproductsoftheearlyInternetarecomingtoanend.ThesameistrueinChina，too，whereTencentsaysitllWebQQonJan.1,2019.A.shutdownB.improveonC.putforthD.setoff答案A解析句意為：越來越多的早期互聯(lián)網(wǎng)產(chǎn)品即將走到盡頭。在中國也是如此，騰訊表示它將在2019年1月1日關(guān)閉WebQQ。shutdown關(guān)閉，停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，符合語境。improveon改進(jìn)；putforth提出；setoff出發(fā)，引發(fā)。4.Everyoneinthetouristindustr

55、yhasmadethepointthatGovernmentassistanceishelpful，whattheyactuallyneedmostisforthevisitorsthemselvestoreturn.A.asB.whenC.whileD.since答案C解析句意為：從事旅游業(yè)的每個(gè)人都強(qiáng)調(diào)了這一點(diǎn)，盡管政府的援助確實(shí)有幫助，但是他們真正需要的是讓游客自己回來。while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，相當(dāng)于though和although，表示“盡管”，故選C。5.Jennyisnotinthewaytotreatherstudents.Sometimessheistootoughonth

56、em，andsometimesshejustallowsthemeverything.(2019海安縣高三期末)A.consistentB.conventionalC.considerateD.controversial答案A解析考查形容詞詞義辨析。consistent始終如一的，一致的；conventional慣例的；considerate體貼的；controversial有爭(zhēng)議的。句意為：珍妮對(duì)待學(xué)生的方式不一致，有時(shí)她對(duì)他們太嚴(yán)厲了，有時(shí)又放任他們。故A項(xiàng)正確。6.Thecollegeannouncedthestudentsexchangeprogram，mostofstudentsha

57、vingsubmittedtheirapplicationforms.(2019江蘇江都、華羅庚等中學(xué)聯(lián)考)A.themB.whichC.whoseD.its答案D解析考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為：學(xué)院宣布了交換生計(jì)劃，大部分學(xué)生已經(jīng)提交了申請(qǐng)表。由于空格后面用了獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，此處應(yīng)該用形容詞物主代詞，it指代Thecollege，故D項(xiàng)正確。7.Nextdoortoours，whoseemtohavesettledinthiscommunityforquitealongtime.A.arelivingablackcoupleB.liveablackcoupleC.areablackcouplel

58、ivingD.doablackcouplelive答案B解析考查倒裝句。Nextdoortoours是地點(diǎn)狀語，置于句首時(shí)句子要全部倒裝，即主謂倒裝。句意為：我們隔壁住著一對(duì)黑人夫婦，他們似乎已經(jīng)在這個(gè)社區(qū)定居很久了。根據(jù)句意可知時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故選B。8.Allrightsreserved.Thecontentaboveshallnotbereprintedwithoutpermission，thanks.A.arbitrarilyB.barelyC.offensivelyD.optionally答案A解析考查副詞辨析。句意為：版權(quán)所有，以上內(nèi)容未經(jīng)允許不準(zhǔn)隨意重印，謝謝。arbitrar

59、ily隨意地，武斷地；barely勉強(qiáng)，幾乎不；offensively冒犯地，討厭地；optionally有選擇地。故選A。9.Ifyouwanttoimproveyourfigureandhealth，themosteffectivethingtodoistoshowupatthegymeverytimeyoubethere.A.canB.willC.mayD.shall答案A解析考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意為：如果你想改善你的身材和健康，要做的最有效的事情是每一次你能去健身房的時(shí)候就一定出現(xiàn)在那里。本題can表示能力。10.MustIstayathomereviewinglessonsevenatw

60、eekends?Lasttimeyoudidpasstheexamunexpectedly，butdontthistimebecauseitismuchmoredifficult.A.pullyourweightB.sealyourfateC.pushyourluckD.breakyourback答案C解析句意為：周末我必須待在家里復(fù)習(xí)功課嗎？上次你出人意料地通過了考試，但是這次不要碰運(yùn)氣了，因?yàn)榭荚嚂?huì)難得多。pullyourweight盡最大努力；sealyourfate決定你的命運(yùn)；pushyourluck再次冒險(xiǎn)，繼續(xù)碰運(yùn)氣；breakyourback拼命工作。根據(jù)語境可知，答話者認(rèn)為對(duì)

61、方上次通過考試是靠運(yùn)氣，所以在提醒對(duì)方要認(rèn)真復(fù)習(xí)而不能再憑運(yùn)氣，故選C項(xiàng)。.閱讀理解AElNio，aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild，”wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern，whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears，reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNioseeswarmwater，collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific，flowba

62、ckeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken，orsometimestheotherwayround.Theweathereffects，bothgoodandbad，arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNios，onbalance，thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNioin1997-98helpedAmericaseconomygrowby$15billion，partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalh

63、arvests：farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalincomesinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardrought(干旱) insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNiomayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia，they

64、arelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.ThemostrecentpowerfulNio，in1997-98，killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNioscomewithmonthsofwarning，andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute (ODI)，however，just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance，ratherthanrecoveryandreb