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1、課時(shí)達(dá)標(biāo)(二十一) Unit 1 Great scientists(見(jiàn)學(xué)用課時(shí)P49) 閱讀理解A課標(biāo)話題人與社會(huì)對(duì)社會(huì)有突出貢獻(xiàn)的人物體裁記敘文詞數(shù) 311難度 (2019河南省實(shí)驗(yàn)月考)Eight years before his death in 1896, Alfred Nobel was surprised to read an obituary(訃告) in the local newspaper.This was a strange obituary, for it told Alfred Nobel, the man who was reading it, that he wa

2、s dead.The newspaper had confused Alfred with his brother, Ludvig, who had recently died.Nobel was shocked to read that he had passed away, and he was even more annoyed by the title of his obituary: The merchant of death is dead.Alfred was a very rich and successful armaments manufacturer(武器制造商)This

3、 incident got him thinking about his reputation.What would people think of him after his real death? Would they really say “That was a man who profited from killing”？It was this thought that led him to leave his moneya huge amount of itfor the founding of the famous Nobel prizes.His aim was for his

4、money to be used to support the ongoing quest(追求) for excellence in the sciences and literature, and the ideal of peace.Thousands of men and women have been honored since the first awards were given out in 1901.The awards let the world know about the developments that may have a huge effect on our l

5、ives.However, the prizes are controversial sometimes.There is often protest(抗議) at the award of the Peace Prize when not everyone thinks that the awardwinners deserve the award.Even the award for literature has sometimes been criticized because the award committee often neglects important writers.Th

6、e highly influential novelists James Joyce and Marcel Proust, for example, were never honored by the Swedish Academy.Still, for the most part the awards dont cause many complaints.Alfred Nobel founded the prizes to recognize those who have had “the greatest benefit to mankind” and few would disagree

7、 that most of the prizewinnersamong them, Albert Einstein and Martin Luther King Jrhave made contributions that deserve to be honored and remembered.語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀1888年，Alfred Nobel偶然看到了一則“訃告”他由此開(kāi)始反思，并設(shè)立了諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)，以獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)在科學(xué)、文學(xué)以及和平方面作出突出貢獻(xiàn)的人。1How did Alfred Nobel feel when he read the obituary in the newspaper?ASad an

8、d worried.BShocked and upset.CSurprised and confused.DAmused and puzzled.解析 B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，看到這則訃告時(shí)，他不僅吃驚，而且很生氣，故選B項(xiàng)。2What did Alfred Nobel decide to do after reading the obituary?ASeek excellence in the sciences.BDonate all his money to the charity.CStop producing any killing weapons.DSet up the

9、Nobel prizes with his money.解析 D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知，Alfred Nobel看到這則訃告之后，想了很多，最終決定把遺產(chǎn)中大部分的錢用于設(shè)立諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)，故選D項(xiàng)。3Why does the author mention James Joyce and Marcel Proust?ATo show the controversy of some Nobel prizes.BTo give examples of influential Nobel prizewinners.CTo explain the standard of giving out the N

10、obel prizes.DTo prove the influence of the Nobel prizes on literature.解析 A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句并結(jié)合下文可知，作者提到這兩位作家，是為了說(shuō)明有時(shí)諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)存在爭(zhēng)議，故選A項(xiàng)。4What does the author think of the Nobel prizes?AThere should be more female winners.BThere are too many controversial winners.CThey have honored many worthy winners.DThe co

11、mmittee should be more selective.解析 C觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，作者認(rèn)為諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)了很多值得贊賞的人，故選C項(xiàng)。B課標(biāo)話題人與社會(huì)科技發(fā)展體裁記敘文詞數(shù) 308難度 (2019石家莊重點(diǎn)高中摸底)When Gitanjali Rao shared how she likes “finding solutions to real problems”， it was hard to imagine this dynamic girl could settle a problem that had escaped scientists for years.I

12、n just three months, Rao came up with a device that can replace the costly and lengthy tests currently used to reliably determine lead levels in our fresh water. Inspired by the current litigation(訴訟) in Flint, Michigan, a case of water pollution from 2014 until present, Rao designed a new testing s

13、ystem that resulted in her being named “Americas top young scientist” for 2017.Rao had been following the water problem for about two years. She was amazed by the number of people affected by lead pollution in water and wanted to do something to change this. Rao spent months trying to convince local

14、 high schools and colleges to give her lab time to continue her experiment. At home, Rao worked on her project in the “science room” she asked her parents to create for her. Rao has created a device that uses three parts: a cartridge, a Bluetooth reader and an app. To put it simply, the cartridge co

15、ntains carbon nanotubes(納米管) that react to lead. This reaction is then registered by the Bluetooth reader, which sends a signal to a mobile app that can tell you immediately if your water is safe to drink.Rao appropriately named the device Tethys and is hoping to make a little improvement to get the

16、 device on the market. While we may not be aware of any lead pollution present in our aging pipelines, lead poisoning can cause delays in physical and mental development. With Rao believing that “the purpose of science is to make a difference”， her incredible invention could make a difference to mil

17、lions of people in the United States.語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀一個(gè)女孩發(fā)明了一款可以檢測(cè)水中鉛含量的裝置，從而解決了一個(gè)多年來(lái)科學(xué)家忽視的問(wèn)題?！臼煸~生義】lead常用義：v.引領(lǐng)生義：n.鉛put常用義：v.放，安置生義：v.表達(dá)reader常用義：n.讀者生義：n.閱讀器5What do we know about Raos device?AIts cheap and quick.BIts cheap and inaccurate.CIts expensive and reliable.DIts portable and timeconsuming.解析 A推理判斷題。

18、根據(jù)第二段第一句可推知，與以前又貴又費(fèi)時(shí)的設(shè)備相比，Rao所發(fā)明的設(shè)備既便宜又省時(shí)，與第三段最后一句相呼應(yīng)，故選A項(xiàng)。6What made Rao have the idea of designing the device?AHer parents suggestions.BHer desire for winning the award.CHer interest in settling real problems.DThe water pollution litigation in Flint.解析 D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，Rao設(shè)計(jì)這種裝置的想法是受一起水污染訴訟的啟發(fā)，故選

19、D項(xiàng)。7What do the carbon nanotubes function as?ASending immediate signals.BDetecting the presence of lead.CRecording the reaction results.DShowing the water quality results.解析 B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句可知，這個(gè)碳納米管可以對(duì)鉛起反應(yīng)，即可以檢測(cè)出水中是否含有鉛，故選B項(xiàng)。8What does the author think of Raos invention?AIt will lead Rao to make a

20、 fortune.BIt will help millions of Americans drink safe water.CIt will promote the development of science in America.DIt will soon settle the leadpolluted problem thoroughly.解析 B觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，Rao的發(fā)明可以影響數(shù)百萬(wàn)美國(guó)人；再根據(jù)上文可知，該發(fā)明可以幫助檢測(cè)飲用水的安全性，故選B項(xiàng)。 完形填空課標(biāo)話題人與自我未來(lái)職業(yè)規(guī)劃體裁記敘文詞數(shù) 305難度 (2019昆明兩區(qū)調(diào)考)You may alw

21、ays hear about people who knew exactly what they wanted to do with their life from the time they were in kindergarten.I hadnt considered lots of career _1_ when I graduated from high school.Like most students who earned good grades in math and science classes, I found people _2_ me to be an engineer

22、.But all of that changed when I went to my _3_.I will never forget the feeling of walking into my very first Biology _4_.I nervously found a seat and waited for the type of _5_ you see in TV shows, old and strict.What I got was exactly _6_.Dr Espinoza was a caring and _7_ teacher，and two terms of he

23、r classes made me fall in love with Biology.Her exciting classes made me _8_ that I had other choices besides being a(n)_9_.It meant I was headed for a career in biological research._10_ Dr Espinoza and many other professors like her, I found that scientists arent just what you _11_ on the National

24、Geographic Channel.They are real people who answer real questions and _12_ real problems.This led me to seek out _13_ to do real science projects and see if I _14_ it.While I was at university, I learned how to ask good questions, how to _15_ experiments and collect data, and how to share what I lea

25、rned with people.As it _16_,_I loved every minute of it.Falling in love with _17_ was a long process for me, but it led me to a job I love.Like the science itself, my journey toward being a scientist was _18_,_but helped along by many teachers and professors who _19_ me the way.Now, I try my best to

26、 learn new things and _20_ new knowledge.1Adevelopment Bdifficulty Cchoices Drequirements2A.appointing Bforcing Callowing Dencouraging3A.university Boffice Croom Dlab4A.league BlectureCtest Dteamwork5A.agent Bvolunteer Chost Dprofessor6A.opposite Btraditional Ctypical Dsimilar7A.average BcasualCenth

27、usiastic Dsevere8A.realize Bregret Crefuse Drecall9A.lawyer Beducator Cscholar Dengineer10A.As to BDue toCOn behalf of DIn spite of11A.take care of Bmake fun ofClearn about Dsearch for12A.solve Bbring Craise Dignore13A.concepts Bopportunities Cfaith Dambition14A.enjoyed Bdoubted Crecommended Dacknow

28、ledged15A.replace Bpredict Cconduct Dcopy16A.came about Bbroke up Cset off Dturned out17A.literature Bscience Clanguage Dart18A.precious Bsmooth Cbeneficial Dslow19A.promised Bshowed Cleft Dawarded20A.record Badmire Ccreate Dforget語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀本文講述了“我”上大學(xué)后，老師和教授們對(duì)“我”的專業(yè)和擇業(yè)產(chǎn)生的深遠(yuǎn)影響。1解析 C根據(jù)第8空后的that I had other

29、 choicesin biological research可知，高中畢業(yè)時(shí)，“我”沒(méi)有考慮過(guò)眾多的職業(yè)選擇(choices)，故選C項(xiàng)。2解析 D像大多數(shù)數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)課出眾的學(xué)生一樣，人們鼓勵(lì)(encourage)“我”以后成為一名工程師。appoint任命，安排，故選D項(xiàng)。3解析 A根據(jù)第15空所在句的While I was at university, I learnedwhat I learned with people可知，此處指上大學(xué)(university)后，一切都發(fā)生了改變，故選A項(xiàng)。4解析 B根據(jù)下文中的and two terms of her classes made me

30、fall in love with Biology可知，空處填入的詞在范疇上應(yīng)與classes一致，lecture(講座)符合語(yǔ)境，故選B項(xiàng)。5解析 D根據(jù)下一段可知，此處指坐等教授(professor)的到來(lái)，故選D項(xiàng)。6解析 A根據(jù)上下文可知，“我”以為來(lái)上課的老師古板、嚴(yán)肅，事實(shí)上，老師體貼且富有熱情，所以先前想象的與實(shí)際見(jiàn)到的相反(opposite)，故選A項(xiàng)。7解析 C空處所填詞與caring(體貼的)并列。average一般的；casual漫不經(jīng)心的，隨便的；enthusiastic熱情的；severe嚴(yán)厲的，故選C項(xiàng)。8解析 A她令人振奮的課使“我”意識(shí)到(realize)除了成

31、為一名工程師(engineer)，“我”還可以從事生物學(xué)研究，故選A項(xiàng)。9解析 D根據(jù)第一段中的engineer并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，此處為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選D項(xiàng)。10解析 B根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，空處所在句表示原因。As to關(guān)于， 至于；Due to因?yàn)?，由于；On behalf of代表；In spite of盡管，故選B項(xiàng)。11解析 C結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，此處指“我”發(fā)現(xiàn)科學(xué)家并非我們?cè)趪?guó)家地理頻道所了解(learn about)的那樣。take care of照顧；make fun of取笑；search for尋找，故選C項(xiàng)。12解析 A他們是回答真實(shí)問(wèn)題并解決(solve)實(shí)際問(wèn)題的有血有肉的人，故選A

32、項(xiàng)。13解析 B這引領(lǐng)著“我”去尋找做真正的科學(xué)研究項(xiàng)目的機(jī)會(huì)(opportunity)并看一下“我”是否喜歡(enjoy)它。concept概念；faith信仰；ambition抱負(fù)，故選B項(xiàng)。14解析 A參見(jiàn)上題解析。下文中的loved也是提示。doubt懷疑；recommend推薦，建議；acknowledge承認(rèn)，感謝，故選A項(xiàng)。15解析 C在大學(xué)里，“我”學(xué)到了如何提出好的問(wèn)題、如何做實(shí)驗(yàn)和收集數(shù)據(jù)，以及如何同別人分享“我”了解到的東西。conduct實(shí)施，進(jìn)行，符合語(yǔ)境，故選C項(xiàng)。16解析 D結(jié)果是(turn out)，“我”喜歡進(jìn)行科學(xué)研究的每一分鐘。come about發(fā)生，造成；break up粉碎，破碎；set off出發(fā)，動(dòng)身，故選D項(xiàng)。17解析 B根據(jù)上下文可知，此處指愛(ài)上科學(xué)(science)的過(guò)程對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)很長(zhǎng)，故選B項(xiàng)。18解析 D雖然成為科學(xué)家之路是漫長(zhǎng)的(slow)，但一路上有很多老師和教授給“我”引路(show me the way)，故選D項(xiàng)。19解析 B參見(jiàn)上題解析，故選B項(xiàng)。20解析 C結(jié)合常識(shí)及選項(xiàng)可知，此處指現(xiàn)在“我”在努力學(xué)習(xí)新東西并創(chuàng)造(create)新知識(shí)，故選C項(xiàng)。8