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1、 Unit 2 The United Kingdom 李仕才 一、閱讀理解 A Several companies in Europe, the US and Asia have decided to change one of the processes of making chocolate and no longer roast the cacao beans. They insist that growers in Africa and South America leave them outdoors to dry naturally instead. The res

2、ulting product is called “raw” chocolate. Producers claim that avoiding exposure to oven temperatures allows the preservation of nutrients such as iron, zinc, copper and vitamin C．It's also claimed that uncooked cacao contains higher levels of antioxidants(抗氧化物) than roasted cacao used in mo

3、st chocolate. “Over the last 10 years, consumers have become more involved in their food and drink，” says Kris McGowan, who runs the Raw Chocolate Company. “They care a lot more about its healthy qualities and chocolate is no exception.” But Martin Schweizer, professor of biochemistry at

4、Heriot-Watt University, urges caution on describing raw chocolate as a super food until more research is carried out. “We have to look at this in more depth. The research is at a fairly early stage.” There are concerns that not heating them to about 150 ℃ could mean an increase in bacteria. Howeve

5、r, producers insist that, as no animal products are involved, there is no greater risk than when dealing with vegetables such as carrots or lettuces. Jennifer Earle, a writer on chocolate, is unconvinced by it on taste grounds. “It's the quality of the cacao that makes a difference, not whether

6、 the chocolate is ‘raw’ or not，” she says. “And if you're talking about health, I'd rather eat some top-quality ordinary chocolate and have a plate of vegetables afterwards.” 【文章大意】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。許多生產(chǎn)商在制作巧克力時(shí)不再對(duì)可可豆進(jìn)行加熱烘干，并宣稱(chēng)這樣做可以保護(hù)可可豆中的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，但是一些研究人員對(duì)此有不同的看法。 【長(zhǎng)難句分析】However, producers insist that, as

7、 no animal products are involved, there is no greater risk than when dealing with vegetables such as carrots or lettuces.(第五段第二句) 分析：本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。that引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句，作insist的賓語(yǔ)；在賓語(yǔ)從句中含有as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句。 譯文：然而，生產(chǎn)者堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，因?yàn)闆](méi)有涉及動(dòng)物制品，所以不加熱到150 ℃時(shí)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與處理胡蘿卜和生菜這類(lèi)蔬菜時(shí)存在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)一樣小。 1．Chocolate bean growers in Africa ________

8、. A．dry the beans outdoors naturally B．roast the beans at a low temperature C．cook the beans in pots instead of in ovens D．store the beans with uncooked vegetables 答案與解析：A　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。 【關(guān)鍵句】They insist that growers in Africa and South America leave them outdoors to dry naturally instead.(第一段第二句) 譯

9、文：他們堅(jiān)稱(chēng)非洲和南美的種植者是將可可豆放在戶外自然晾干。 【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句可知，非洲的可可豆種植者是將可可豆放在戶外自然晾干。故選A。 2．Producers of raw chocolate claim that ________. A．it can fight bacteria B．it is very eco-friendly C．it preserves more nutrients D．it contains less antioxidants 答案與解析：C　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。 【關(guān)鍵句】Producers claim that avoiding exposu

10、re to oven temperatures allows the preservation of nutrients such as iron, zinc, copper and vitamin C．(第二段第一句) 譯文：生產(chǎn)商稱(chēng)不在烤爐上烘焙可可豆可以讓可可豆保持其原有的營(yíng)養(yǎng)，例如鐵、鋅、銅和維生素C。 【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句可知，生巧克力的生產(chǎn)商聲稱(chēng)不烘焙可可豆所生產(chǎn)出的生巧克力可以保留更多營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)。故選C。 3．Jennifer Earle, the writer on chocolate, thinks that ________. A．roasted cacao is

11、cleaner B．raw chocolate is healthier C．raw chocolate tastes better D．cacao quality matters more 答案與解析：D　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。 【關(guān)鍵句】“It's the quality of the cacao that makes a difference, not whether the chocolate is ‘raw’ or not，” she says.(最后一段第二句) 譯文：她說(shuō)：“重要的是可可豆的質(zhì)量，而不是巧克力是‘生’的還是不‘生’的?！? 【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句可知，Je

12、nnifer Earle認(rèn)為可可豆的質(zhì)量更重要。故選D。 4．We can infer from the text that ________. A．not much research has been done on raw chocolate B．raw chocolate has become the most popular variety C．children face the risks from bacteria when eating raw chocolate D．a(chǎn)ll consumers have turned to raw chocolate for he

13、alth concerns 答案與解析：A　考查推理判斷。 【關(guān)鍵句】“We have to look at this in more depth. The research is at a fairly early stage.”(第四段第二、三句) 譯文：“我們還需要對(duì)此做更深入的研究。這個(gè)研究還處于一個(gè)相當(dāng)初級(jí)的階段?！? 【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句可知，對(duì)生巧克力的研究還處于初級(jí)階段，由此可推斷，針對(duì)生巧克力的研究還沒(méi)有做。故選A。 B It has always been thought that alcohol causes people to put on weig

14、ht because it contains a lot of sugar, but new research suggests a glass a day cold form part of a diet. Looking at past studies they found that, while heavy drinkers do put on weight; those who drink in moderation can actually lose weight. A spokesman for the research team at Navarro University i

15、n Spain says, ＂Light to moderate alcohol intake, especially of wine, may be more likely to protect against, rather than promote, weight gain.＂ The International Scientific Forum on Alcohol research reviewed the findings and agreed with most of the conclusions, particularly that data do not clearly i

16、ndicate if moderate drinking increases weight. Boston University’s Dr. Harvey Finkel found that the biologic mechanisms(生物學(xué)機(jī)制) relating alcohol to changes in body weight are not properly understood. His team pointed out the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting cond

17、itions like diabetes(糖尿病), which relate to increasing obesity. Some studies suggest that even very obese people may be at lower risk of diabetes if they are moderate drinkers. The group says alcohol provides calories that are quickly absorbed into the body and are not stored in fat, and that this

18、process could explain the differences in its effects from those of other foods. They agree that future research should be directed towards assessing the roles of different types of alcoholic drinks, taking into consideration drinking patterns and including the past tendency of participants to gain w

19、eight. For now there is little evidence that consuming small to moderate amounts of alcohol on a regular basis increases one’s risk of becoming obese. What’s more, a study three years ago suggested that resveratrol, a compound present in grapes and red wine destroys fat cells. 1.The passage is ma

20、inly for those_________. A. who produce wine B. who have a drinking habit C. who go on a diet D. who are eager to lose weight 2.The underlined phrase＂ in moderation＂ in the first paragraph means _________. A. excitedly B. carefully C. frequently D. properly 3.What can we lear

21、n from the passage? A. Current data clearly show that moderate drinking increases weight. B. Resveratrol is proved to increase the risk of becoming fat. C. The research found moderate drinking has a strong protective effect. D. The specific roles of different types of alcoholic drinks are very c

22、lear. 4.What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows? A. How to do some easy experiments. B. How to reduce the calories contained in wine. C. How to prove the finding mentioned above. D. How to make wine in a healthy way. 【文章大意】文章講述了飲酒和健康的關(guān)系，告訴我們適量葡萄酒還會(huì)減肥。 1.B【解析】推理判斷題。文章

23、講述了飲酒和健康的關(guān)系，比如和肥胖、疾病等的關(guān)系。所以說(shuō)是寫(xiě)給有 喝酒習(xí)慣的人的，故選B。 2.D【解析】猜測(cè)詞義題。與上句形成對(duì)比，此處指適量飲酒的人事實(shí)上能減肥，moderation＂適度＂與D 項(xiàng)同義，故選D。 4.C【解析】推理判斷題。文章最后講到葡萄酒和紅酒混合會(huì)破壞肥胖細(xì)胞，所以下文會(huì)證明這一觀點(diǎn)， 故選C。 二、七選五 (2018·鄭州第一次質(zhì)量預(yù)測(cè)) Do People Need Small Talk to Be Happy? Psychologists (心理學(xué)家) have long said that connecting with others i

24、s an important part of happiness, but just how much conversation we require is under examination. In one study, researchers found that small talk made up only 10% of their conversation related to happiness. __1__ Scientists believe that small talk could promote bonding Late last year, Princeton rese

25、archers reported that small talk keeps closeness with loved ones, and isn't merely the stuff of awkward exchanges with strangers. Still, chatting with strangers could brighten your morning. In a series of experiments, psychologists gave Chicago passengers different directions about whether to talk

26、with fellow passengers—something they typically avoided. __2__ None of the chatters reported being rejected. Small talk can also help us feel connected with our surroundings. People who smiled at, made eye contact with, and briefly spoke with their Starbucks baristas(服務(wù)員) reported a greater sense

27、of belonging than those who rushed through the transaction(交易). __3__ One report found that when volunteers broke the silence to chat with gallery goers, the visitors felt happier and more connected with the exhibit than those who were not approached. __4__ In one study, people who were rated “l(fā)es

28、s curious” by researchers had trouble getting a conversation rolling on their own, and had greater luck building closeness with others when they were supplied with questions that encouraged personal disclosure(透露). But people who were considered “curious” needed no help when transforming conversatio

29、ns about ordinary things into personal exchanges. __5__. A．The same is true of gallery goers. B．But don't play down small talk just yet. C．They found that small talk is related to happiness. D．Those told to chat with others reported a more pleasant journey. E．Making small talk is an important s

30、kill for all the social situations. F．A “curious mindset”， the author concluded, can lead to “positive social interactions” . G．Of course, some people are better than others at turning small talk into something bigger. 【文章大意】'本文主要講述了聊天會(huì)讓人開(kāi)心。 1．答案與解析：B　根據(jù)上文的“In one study，researchers found that

31、small talk made up only 10% of their conversation related to happiness”和下文的“Scientists believe that small talk could promote bonding”可知，此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以選B項(xiàng)“但是，不要貶低聊天的重要性”。 2．答案與解析：D　根據(jù)下文的“None of the chatters reported being rejected”可推知，應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。那些被要求去和陌生人聊天的乘客說(shuō)旅途更加愉快。 3．答案與解析：A　根據(jù)下文的“chat with gallery goe

32、rs”可知，應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。參觀美術(shù)館的人也有同樣的感受。 4．答案與解析：G　根據(jù)本段中對(duì)兩類(lèi)人的介紹可推知，有些人更擅長(zhǎng)把聊天話題擴(kuò)大，所以選G項(xiàng)。 5．答案與解析：F　根據(jù)上文的“But people who were considered curious' needed no help when transforming conversations about ordinary things into personal exchanges”可推知，具有好奇心的人會(huì)與他人進(jìn)行積極的社交互動(dòng)，所以選F項(xiàng)。 三、短文改錯(cuò) Friendship is very important to e

33、veryone, especially to me.Now, I would like to describe one of my best friends whose name are Petou.The first reason why I consider him as my best friend is because he has a very warm personality. He always smile politely at me, make me absolutely delighted when I meet him.What’s more, honest is h

34、is good manner — he never lies me.In addition, he is the caring and compassionate friend.He’s willing to help me whenever I have in trouble. The second reason is that Petou is really excellently.He excels at every subject, which makes me admire him very much. To summarize, Petou has a very good pe

35、rsonality.Besides, he has a great ability to help other friends and him.I really like him. 答案：第二句：are→is 第三句：because→that 第四句：smile→smiles; make→making 第五句：honest→honesty; lies后加to 第六句：the→a 第七句：去掉in 第八句：excellently→excellent 第十一句：him→me 四、語(yǔ)法填空 (2018·江西名校聯(lián)盟檢測(cè)) Traditional Chinese culture

36、is beginning to capture the attention of the world. Kung fu，__1__ (especial), has had a great effect__2__ the millions of people who first learned about China through it. From that, they may come to China and learn about some other__3__ (aspect) of this culture. Other Asian nations have long known a

37、bout the__4__ (great) of ancient Chinese culture. Their own cultures are__5__ mix of native ones and those Chinese characteristics. Korea and Japan long ago adopted Confucianism, something that continues today even as it__6__ (challenge) by pop culture. This strength comes from the ideas__7__ (give)

38、 in the Four Books of Confucianism, which built upon the ideas of an even__8__ (much) ancient period codified (編纂) in the Five Classics. From them, the West learns__9__ is uniquely Chinese, for example, feng shui. So far China has taken steps__10__ (further) this spread of its culture by establish

39、ing Chinese Cultural Centers in such places as the United States and Europe. 【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了中國(guó)文化對(duì)世界的影響。 1．答案與解析：especially　考查副詞。尤其是中國(guó)功夫，對(duì)于那些通過(guò)功夫初次了解中國(guó)的成千上萬(wàn)的人來(lái)講，有著非常大的影響。especially“尤其是”，用于強(qiáng)調(diào)突出的人或者事情。 2．答案與解析：on　考查介詞。have a…effect on sb“對(duì)某人有……影響”為固定搭配，故填on。 3．答案與解析：aspects　考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。他們可能會(huì)來(lái)到中國(guó)，學(xué)習(xí)了

40、解中國(guó)文化的一些其他方面。根據(jù)空前的“some other”及aspect作“方面，層面”講時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞可知，此處應(yīng)用aspect的復(fù)數(shù)形式aspects。 4．答案與解析：greatness　考查名詞。其他亞洲國(guó)家很早以前就知道古代中國(guó)文化的博大。根據(jù)空前的“the”及空后的“of”可知，此處應(yīng)填名詞greatness。 5．答案與解析：a　考查冠詞。這些國(guó)家自身的文化是本土文化和中國(guó)特色(文化)的混合。mix在此作名詞，意為“混合，結(jié)合”，是可數(shù)名詞，且此處表示泛指，故用a。 6．答案與解析：is challenged　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)本文的基本時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可知，此處亦

41、用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；it在此指代上文中的“Confucianism”，和challenge之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填is challenged。 7．答案與解析：given　考查過(guò)去分詞。這種力量來(lái)自“四書(shū)”中所提供的觀念。the ideas與give之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。 8．答案與解析：more　考查比較級(jí)。“四書(shū)”是依照“五經(jīng)”的編纂中所體現(xiàn)的更為早期的思想而著成的。根據(jù)句意及空前的“even”可知，此處應(yīng)用比較級(jí)形式，故填more。 9．答案與解析：what　考查名詞性從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在此引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，作learns的賓語(yǔ)，空處在句中作主語(yǔ)，且此處表示“所……的事物”，故用what。 10．答案與解析：to further　考查不定式。目前，中國(guó)已經(jīng)采取措施進(jìn)一步推廣中國(guó)文化。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中作目的狀語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)用不定式形式。further在此用作動(dòng)詞，意為“促進(jìn)，增進(jìn)”。 8