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1、Section Grammar對應學生用書P43基礎題單句語法填空1It was not until he went abroad _ he realized how important his family is to him.答案：that2_ will be three days before he makes a decision.答案：It3_ took me great courage to tell the truth.答案：It4_was considerate of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worrie

2、d.答案：It5How was it _ your brother succeed in finishing the difficult task?答案：that6Is this the second time _ you have been to Guangzhou?答案：that7_ seems a pity to waste the food.答案：It8You can depend on _ that he can help you.答案：it9It was on the farm _ he spent his childhood _ he learned how to grow ve

3、getables.答案：where; that10Is it in Beijing _ the 24th Winter Olympic Games will be held in 2022?答案：that單句改錯1New technologies have made that possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost._答案：thatit2How long ago was that you last saw her?_答案：was后加it3This is a fact that there is a generat

4、ion gap between parents and children._答案：ThisIt4It was her being careless which resulted in the terrible accident._答案：whichthat5It is high time that we get started._答案：we后加should或getgot能力題閱讀理解A(2018福州市高三期末)A new study suggests that tiny organisms living underground may store most of the carbon in Sw

5、edish forest floors. Thats a good thing for the environment: If the carbon remains hidden in the soil, then its not escaping into the atmosphere. There, it could contribute to global warming.These organisms, called mycorrhizal fungi (菌根真菌), grow on tree roots. They provide trees with nutrients in ex

6、change for their sugars, which contain carbon.Scientists had long believed that most of the carbon sits above ground. But the new study suggests most carbon is trapped in the soil. Carbon is a building block of every living organism, from people and fish to bacteria and trees. Trees are masters at s

7、tashing carbon. They breathe in carbon dioxide from the air. They use the carbon to grow branches, leaves and roots. But the element moves around. If a tree falls down and rotsor is cut down and burnedits carbon goes back into the air as carbon dioxide. Too much of the gas in the air can foster glob

8、al warming.In cold northern forests, like those in Sweden, fallen leaves and branches take a long time to rot. That means the carbon in those materials can stay put for a long time.To learn more about what a tree does with its carbon, ecologists at the Swedish University collected soil from 30 fores

9、ted Swedish islands. They then measured the amount and age of the carbon in the samples. The scientists found that deeper, fungifilled soils contained more carbon than soils from the surface of the forest floor.When the scientists dated the carbon in the samples, they got a surprise: They found “you

10、ng” carbon in deeper soils. The researchers had expected to find young carbon only in soils closer to the surface of the forest floor. The only explanation, they say: The young carbon came from the underground fungi that swallow carboncontaining sugars from tree roots.With the new findings, scientis

11、ts may better understand soils role in storing carbon. That information could help improve forecasts for global warming.1How do fungi grow?AThey consume carbon dioxide.BThey digest fallen tree branches.CThey absorb nutrients from the soil.DThey obtain sugars from tree roots.答案：D細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段內容可知，這種菌根真

12、菌生長于樹的根部，它們?yōu)闃淠咎峁I養(yǎng)，以換取樹木中含有碳的糖。據此可知，這種菌根真菌吸收樹根中的糖分，故D項正確。2What does the underlined word “stashing” in Paragraph 3 mean?AStoring. BReducing.CTransforming. DProducing.答案：A詞義猜測題。根據第三段第四至五句“Trees are masters at stashing carbon. They breathe in carbon dioxide from the air.”可知，樹木從空氣中吸進二氧化碳，所以樹木是儲藏碳的能手；據此可

13、以判斷，畫線詞意為“儲存”，故A項正確。3Why were the scientists surprised at the findings?AYoung carbon was found in the surface of the forest floor.BThe findings could not be explained scientifically.CThe findings proved their previous ideas wrong.DIt is hard to find young carbon in the underground fungi.答案：C推理判斷題。根據

14、倒數第二段中的“They found young carbon in deeper soils. The researchers had expected to find young carbon only in soils closer to the surface of the forest floor.”可知，研究人員原以為新碳應存在于靠近地表的土壤中，但是研究發(fā)現，新碳卻存在于深層土壤中，即發(fā)現的結果與他們先前的推論不一樣，故他們感到驚訝，故C項正確。4Which of the following can be the best title for the text?AFungi in

15、 Cold Northern ForestsBFungi as Carbon KeepersCFungi on the Roots of TreesDFungi in the Deep Soil答案：B標題判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文是一篇科普說明文，菌根真菌能通過吸收樹木的糖，從而將碳儲藏在深層土壤中可知，這種菌根真菌是碳的保存者，故B項最能概括文意。BAn accidental discovery has brought seismologists (地震學家) one step closer to being able to predict earthquakes. As part of

16、an effort to measure underground changes caused by shifts in barometric pressure, a team of researchers found that increases in underground pressure came before earthquakes along Californias San Andreas Fault by as much as 10 hours. If followup tests confirm these findings, seismologists may eventua

17、lly be able to provide a few hours notice for people to find a safe place before quakes. “Predicting earthquakes is the final goal for seismologists，” says Fenglin Niu, the research teams lead author and a Rice University seismologist. “This is a start.” The research team theorizes that the immense

18、amount of pressure building along the Fault causes small cracks within the rock during the final hours before an earthquake, which increases rock density and slows the transmission signals. “The more cracks you have, the slower the seismic velocity (震波速度) will be，” says study coauthor Paul Silver, a

19、 geophysicist with the Carnegie Institution of Washington. Still unknown is whether there is any significance to the fact that the magnitude3 quake had a much longer preseismic signal than lowermagnitude quakes, or whether it was simply because its magnitude was larger and its epicenter (震中) closer

20、to the sensors. If scientists can flesh out the new findings during future earthquakesa twoyear study at the same seismically active location begins this Septemberit could form the basis of a vastly improved earlywarning system for quakes. Current earthquakewarning systems give just a few seconds no

21、tice because they detect only Pwaves, the fastmoving seismic waves that precede the more destructive waves released during a quake. Upgrading to a seismic stress meter, however, is still a long way off. 5The author wrote this passage to tell us something about _.Aa traditional way of predicting eart

22、hquakesBthe importance of predicting earthquakesCa new way of predicting earthquakesDthe damages caused by horrible earthquakes答案：C主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了一種新的可以有效地預測地震的方法。6According to the passage, we can infer that the traditional way of predicting earthquakes _.Acosts much more than the new oneBproduces acc

23、urate informationCdoes not provide enough time for people to escapeDis less accurate than the new one 答案：C推理判斷題。根據第一段第三句中的“seismologists may eventually be able to provide a few hours notice for people to find a safe place before quakes”和最后一段第二句中的“Current earthquakewarning systems give just a few sec

24、onds notice”可推知，以前的預測方式不能給人們提供足夠的逃生時間。7Which of the following factors probably will NOT influence the preseismic signal?AThe weather in the earthquake area.BThe magnitude of the earthquake.CThe position of the sensors.DThe position of the epicenter.答案：A細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中的“ . whether it was simply because

25、its magnitude was larger and its epicenter (震中) closer to the sensors”可知，只有A與此無關。8According to the last paragraph, we learn that _.Athe new discovery will be put into use soonBa vastly improved earlywarning system has been formedCthe new discovery will be tested in the futureDthe current earthquakew

26、arning systems are not useful 答案：C推理判斷題。根據最后一段可知，科學家們要在未來兩年的地震中來檢驗這一方法是否有效。語法填空Scientists have found one answer to water shortages. It is a new material _1_ collects water from the air. They got the idea from a beetle (甲蟲) that lives in an African desert. The deserts in Namibia _2_ (be) very dry, bu

27、t the Namib Desert beetle is an expert at _3_ (survive) in dry conditions. Its shell is covered in small bumps (隆起之處) that collect _4_ (drop) of water from the air. It is enough _5_ (keep) the beetle alive. Scientists would like to make their own materials that could collect water from the air, so t

28、hey _6_ (study) the shape and material of the bumps. They said the technology could help _7_ heating and air conditioning. One scientist, Philseok Kim, said, “Heat and power plants, for example, rely on things to _8_ (swift) change steam into liquid water. Our design could help speed up that process

29、 and even allow for operation at _9_ higher temperature.” Another scientist, Joanna Aizenberg, said she was looking forward to getting more new technologies from nature. She said, “Everybody is _10_ (thrill) about bioinspired materials research.”1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._1that/which考查定語從句的引導詞。根據句子

30、結構可知，設空處引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞material，關系詞在從句中作主語，所以用關系代詞that/which。句意：這是一種從空氣中收集水的新型材料。2are考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。設空處講的是一般性的客觀事實，應用一般現在時；句中主語為The deserts，所以謂語動詞用復數。故填are。句意：納米比亞的沙漠非常干旱。3surviving考查非謂語動詞。此處應用動名詞作介詞的賓語。句意：但是納米布沙漠甲蟲對在干旱的條件下生存是很在行的。4drops考查名詞的復數。根據句子結構可知，此處應用名詞作動詞collect的賓語，drop在此處為可數名詞，意為“(液體的)滴”，且設空前無冠

31、詞或限定詞修飾，應用復數形式。句意：它的殼被微小的凸起所覆蓋，能夠從空氣中收集水滴。5to keep考查非謂語動詞。enough后用不定式作結果狀語。句意：這足夠讓甲蟲存活了。6studied考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據下文的內容可知，此處敘述的是發(fā)生在過去的事情，故用一般過去時。句意：因此他們研究了這些凸起的形狀和材質。7with考查介詞。help with sth.“對某事有幫助”為固定用法。句意：他們說這一技術可能對加熱系統(tǒng)和空調有幫助。8swiftly考查詞性轉換。根據句子結構可知，此處用副詞修飾動詞change。句意：比如，熱電站要依靠一些東西來快速地將蒸汽轉化成液態(tài)水。9a考查冠詞。此處表泛指，應用不定冠詞。句意：我們的設計有助于加速這一過程，甚至使在一種更高溫度下的操作成為可能。10thrilled考查詞性轉換。設空處在句中作表語，應用形容詞；此處指的是人的感受，故填thrilled，表示“感到很興奮的”。句意：每個人對于仿生材料研究都很興奮。8