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1、Unit 2　English around the world The development of the English language in America can be divided into three periods：The first period extends from the settlement of Jamestown in 1607 to the end of colonial times.The second period covers the expansion of the original thirteen colonies.This time ma

2、y be said to close with the Civil War，about 1860.The third period，since the Civil War，is marked by an important change in the source from which the European immigrants came.They came from northern and southern Europe in large numbers. As time went on，the English language gradually changed on both

3、 sides of the Atlantic.At the beginning of the 17th century the English language was brought to North America by colonists from English.They used the language spoken in England，that is，Elizabethan English，the language used by Shakespeare，Milton and Banyan. Following American independence，famous per

4、sons like Thomas Jefferson，John Adams，and Webster began to consider that the country should have a language of its own.English in America has developed a character of its own，reflecting the life and the physical and social environment of the American people. 【詞海拾貝】 1．colonial adj.殖民的 2．expansion

5、n．?dāng)U張 3．immigrant n．移民 【問題思考】 True (T)or False (F)： 1．The development of the English language in America can be divided into four periods.(　　) 2．At the beginning of the 17th century the English language was brought to South America.(　　) 答案：1.F　2.F Ⅰ.重點單詞分類記 ★拼寫高頻單詞 1．________adj.官方的；正式的；

6、公務(wù)的 2．________adj.本國的；本地的 n．本地人；本國人 3．________n．詞匯；詞匯量；詞表 4．________n．&vt.命令；指令；掌握 5．________n．&vt.請求；要求 6．________adv.直接；挺直 adj.直的；筆直的；正直的 7．________n．街區(qū)；塊；木塊；石塊 答案：1.official　2.native　3.vocabulary　mand 5．request　6.straight　7.block ★聯(lián)想拓展單詞 1．________vt.以……為根據(jù) n．基部；基地；基礎(chǔ)→________adj.基本的

7、；基礎(chǔ)的 2．________adj.逐漸的；逐步的→________adv.逐漸地；逐步地 3．________adj.較后的；后半的；(兩者中)后者的→______adj.最近的；最新的→ ________adj.后期的________adv.近來；最近 4．________n．本身；本體；身份→________vt.&vi.認出；鑒定 5．________adj.流利的；流暢的→________adv.流利地；流暢地→________n．流利；流暢 6．________adj.頻繁的；常見的→________adv.常常；頻繁地 7．________vt.表達；表示

8、→________n．詞語；表示；表達 8．________vt.辨認出；承認；公認→________n．認出；承認 9．________adj.現(xiàn)實的；實際的→________adv.實際上；事實上 10．________n．使用；用法；詞語慣用法→________vt.使用→________adj.有用的→________adj.無用的 答案：1.base　basic　2.gradual　gradually　3.latter　latest later　lately　4.identity　identify　5.fluent　fluently　fluency　6.frequent　fr

9、equently　7.express　expression 8．recognize　recognition　9.actual　actually 10．usage　use　useful　useless ★識記閱讀單詞 1．elevator n．　　　________________ 2．voyage n. ________________ 3．a(chǎn)partment n. ________________ 4．enrich vt. ________________ 5．spelling n. ________________ 6．identity n. __________

10、______ 7．a(chǎn)ccent n. ________________ 8．lightning n. ________________ 9．cab n. ________________ 答案：1.電梯；升降機　2.航行，航?！?.〈美〉公寓住宅；單元住宅　4.使富裕；充實；改善　5.拼寫；拼法 6．本身；本體；身份　7.口音；腔調(diào)；重音　8.閃電 9．出租車 Ⅱ.重點短語快速記 1．________________超過；非常；不僅是 2．________________走近；上來；提出 3．________________以……為基礎(chǔ) 4．______________

11、__信不信由你 5．________________扮演一個角色；參與 6．________________因為；由于 7．________________……的數(shù)量 8．________________現(xiàn)在；目前 9．________________利用；使用 10．________________例如……；像這種的 答案：1.more than　e up　3.be based on　4.believe it or not　5.play a part(in)　6.because of　7.the number of　8.at present　9.make use of　10.s

12、uch as Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句式應(yīng)用記 1．Native English speakers can understand each other ________________________(盡管他們所講的英語不盡相同)．(even if/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句) 2．Believe it or not，there is____________________(沒有什么標準英語)．(no such...as...沒有像……這樣的) 3．____________________(這是因為)in the early days of radio，those who reported the

13、 news were expected to speak excellent English.(because引導(dǎo)表語從句) 4．However，on TV and the radio you will hear differences ____________(人們說話的方式)．(the way＋定語從句) 答案：1.even if they don't speak the same kind of English　2.no such thing as standard English 3．This is because 4．in the way people speak

14、Ⅰ.Skimming for the main information 1．What does the passage tell us? A．The brief history of the English language. B．The modern English based more on German. C．The old English based more on French. D．English spoken in English. 答案：A 2．Find out the main idea of each paragraph. Para.1________A．T

15、he example of the difference between different native English speakers. Para.2________B．Wide use of English. Para.3________C．English is a language spoken all around the world. Para.4________D．Why English has changed over time. Para.5________E．English was settled. 答案：Para.1—B　Para.2—A　Para.3—D　P

16、ara.4—E Para.5—C Ⅱ.Scanning for detailed information 1．Why did the people in many other countries besides England begin to speak English in the 17th century? A．Because they wanted to trade with English people. B．Because people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world. C．Bec

17、ause they found English easier to speak. D．Because they wanted to conquer England. 2．Which of the following words is American English? A．Flat.　　　　　　 B．Apartment. C．Honour. D．Metre. 3．When did two big changes in English spelling happen? A．In the 16th century. B．In 1150. C．In the 19th centu

18、ry. D．In the 20th century. 4．From the text，we know________． A．only English changed over time B．a(chǎn)ll languages will change when cultures meet C．a(chǎn)ll English words were from French D．fewer and fewer Chinese people are learning English 5．Why do more people speak English? A．Because it is an inter

19、national language. B．Because it has the largest number of speakers. C．Because it is easy to learn. D．Because it always stays the same. 答案：1.B　2.B　3.C　4.B　5.A Ⅲ.Intensive reading to finish the passage English has changed and 1.________(develop) when cultures meet and communicate 2.________each

20、other.From AD 450 to 1150，new settlers to England 3.________(rich) the English language and enlarged its vocabulary.In 1620，British people began to move to 4.________countries，and gradually，English 5.________(speak)in many other countries.By the 19th century American English spelling got a separate

21、identity 6.________Noah Webster wrote his dictionary.At 7.________，more people speak English as their first，8.________or a foreign language than ever before.People in South Asia 9.________as India，Singapore speak fluent English.China may have the 10.________(large) number of English learners. 答案：1.

22、developed　2.with　3.enriched　4.other 5．was spoken　6.when　7.present　8.second 9．such　10.largest Ⅳ.Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text 1．At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today. [句式分析]　此句為復(fù)雜的簡單句。句中“spoke

23、n in England between about AD 450 and 1150”及“spoken today”皆為過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾先行詞“the English”。 [嘗試翻譯]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 2．Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150，English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first D

24、anish and later French. [句式分析]　此句為主從復(fù)合句。because引導(dǎo)了原因狀語從句。在狀語從句中又含有who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞“those”，且在從句中充當(dāng)主語。 [嘗試翻譯]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 答案：1.最初，英格蘭人在大約公元450年到1150年期間所說的英語與我們今天所說的英語很不一樣。 2．然后，漸漸地，大約在公元800年到1150年期間，英語不那么像德語了，因為那時的英國統(tǒng)治者起初講丹麥語后來講法語。

25、A級　基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) Ⅰ.單句語法填空 在句中空白處填上適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 1．He looked calm，but __________(actual)he was very nervous. 2．________(base)on a novel by Lewis，the film is popular with people around the country. 3．He speaks Chinese ________(fluent)as if he were a Chinese. 4．This is the main use that scientis

26、ts make ________ natural resources. 5．The new method is not perfect.Even ________，it's much better than the old one. 6．It is _____ (request)that he ______(leave)before seven o'clock. 7．The town has changed beyond __________(recognize)since I was last here. 8．Computers play ________ important par

27、t in modern society. 9．I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.That's ________ I got wet through. 10．The explorer took only such men and things ________ he really needed into the thick forest. 答案：1.actually　2.Based　3.fluently　4.of　5.so 6．requested　should leave　7.recognition　8.an 9．why 　10.as

28、 Ⅱ.選詞填空(注意形式的變化) such as；make full use of；at present；expression；accent；come up；block；play；vocabulary；because of 1．We must ________ the resources we have. 2．I like drinks，________ tea and coffee. 3．Strangers ________ to him in the street and said how much they enjoyed his book. 4．The boss is bus

29、y ________ and he will ring you back later. 5．The part that the church ________ is very great. 6．He had to retire ________ his poor health. 7．They greeted him with many ____________ of pleasure. 8．He speaks with a strong southern________． 9．He lives three ________ away from here. 10．To my surp

30、rise，he has the largest ________ in our class. 答案：1.make full use of　2.such as　3.came up 4．a(chǎn)t present　5.plays　6.because of　7.expressions 8．a(chǎn)ccent　9.blocks　10.vocabulary Ⅲ.完成句子 1．Friends _______________(起著非常重要的作用)our lives. 2．She is wearing a long red coat so you'll _________________(肯定能認出)her.

31、 3．________________________(信不信由你)，they will not carry out their promise. 4．The captain ______________________________(命令他的人向港口航行)quickly. 5．They've made an urgent request that the fresh water _________(應(yīng)該立刻供應(yīng))． 答案：1.played an important part in　2.be sure to recognize 3．Believe it or not　manded

32、his men to sail to the port　5.(should)be supplied at once B級　能力提升 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。 (2019·全國卷Ⅲ)OPENINGS AND PREVIEWS Animals Out of Paper Yolo! Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph，in which an origami (折紙術(shù)) artist invites a teen

33、age talent and his teacher into her studio.Merri Milwe directs.In previews.Opens Feb.12.(West Park Presbyterian Church，165 W．86th St.212-868-4444.) The Audience Helen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan，about Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in

34、the course of sixty years.Stephen Daldry directs.Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey.Previews begin Feb.14.(Schoenfeld，236 W．45th St.212-239-6200.) Hamilton Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton，in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story.Thomas

35、Kail directs.In previews.Opens Feb.17.(Public，425 Lafayette St.212-967-7555.) On the Twentieth Century Kristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green，about a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie star's love during a cross-country train journ

36、ey.Scott Ellis directs，for Roundabout Theatre Company.Previews begin Feb.12.(American Airlines Theatre，227 W．42nd St.212-719-1300.) 【語篇解讀】　本文主要預(yù)告了四出戲劇的梗概及演出信息。 1．What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about? A．A type of art.　　 B．A teenager's studio. C．A great teacher. D．A group of animals.

37、 解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一出戲劇的名稱Animals Out of Paper及該部分中的“Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph，in which an origami artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio”可知答案。 答案：A 2．Who is the director of The Audience? A．Helen Mirren. B．Peter Morgan. C．Dylan Baker.

38、 D．Stephen Daldry. 解析：細節(jié)理解題。題干問的是“誰執(zhí)導(dǎo)了The Audience”。根據(jù)該部分中的“Stephen Daldry directs”可知答案。 答案：D 3．Which play will you go to if you are interested in American history? A．Animals Out of Paper. B．The Audience. C．Hamilton. D．On the Twentieth Century. 解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三出戲劇Hamilton部分“Lin-Manuel Miranda

39、 wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton，in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story”可知，Hamilton是關(guān)于美國歷史的戲劇。 答案：C Ⅱ.七選五 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。 At the time of birth，babies can explore(探索)all of the five senses—hearing，seeing，touching，tasting，and smelling

40、，though these senses are not fully developed.They explore the new world with their available senses. Right from the time of birth，babies have a good understanding of sound.In fact，the sense of hearing develops much before the birth of them.When in their mothers' womb(子宮)，they can hear their mothers

41、' heartbeats.__1__ And it is very easy for them to understand the tone(語調(diào))of speech. The sight also develops with time.Just after birth，babies can see things which are within eight to ten inches from their eyes.__2__ With time their range of vision and understanding of colours also develop. __3__T

42、hey love sleeping in the lap(大腿)just because personal touches make them feel safe.Touch is an important sense, which affects the relationship between the parents and their babies. Babies explore most things by putting them inside their mouths.__4__ And they will spit(吐)out anything that doesn't tas

43、te good immediately. Babies recognize their mother through smell.__5__ They also quickly recognize the smell of the food or fruit they love.With time, they develop an understanding of all the smells around. Though the development takes a long time，you can certainly help to make it fast.But remembe

44、r：do not overburden your kid，and do not be overprotective about your kid. A．Small babies love to be touched. B．They express their feelings by crying. C．They taste them through their sensitive tongues. D．Babies respond to touch in the same way as adults do. E．They also easily recognize black，whi

45、te and red colours. F．Then they start recognizing the smell of other family members. G．Gradually they can remember words and understand the meanings. 答案：1.G　2.E　3.A　4.C　5.F Ⅲ.完形填空 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。 I think that sleeping is the most wonderful thing in the world.Whil

46、e__1__ I do nothing，but close my eyes，leaving all my work behind.In fact，I have to get up__2__ nearly every morning. My classes begin at 8: 00，but the teacher asks us to arrive before 7：15 so we have__3__ time to prepare for the class.If you are__4__，you'll lose one point.And when you reach 10__5__

47、，parents' visit to school will be a must.Though I think it's__6__，I still don't want to lose any points. One morning，my alarm clock__7__ I woke up with a__8__and found that it was already 7：00.What was worse，I lost six points in a__9__，that is to say，I was late every day that week.My teacher said a

48、ngrily that he__10__ me to be late again.My friends joked that my__11__was coming soon.I finally__12__to do something.I bought a new__13__.It sings songs on time，__14__I shut it down. It's perfect for a lazy cat like me.When I__15__it for the first time，I successfully got up at 6：00 the next mornin

49、g.Proud of__16__，I took a deep breath and found that the early morning air is surprisingly__17__．I did some reading，finding that English is really beautiful.I hadn't realized__18__that the morning is so wonderful. “Life is like a __19__ of chocolates.You never know what you're going to get.” Just a

50、s Forrest Gump said，sometimes we should break our__20__．You may find that a new way can change things for the better. 【語篇解讀】　作者上課經(jīng)常遲到，可自從換了個新鬧鐘之后，開始早起并且發(fā)現(xiàn)了早晨時光的美好，從而也愛上了晨讀英語。最后作者也悟出了一個道理：有時我們應(yīng)該打破以前的習(xí)慣，做出適當(dāng)?shù)母淖?，那樣可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)一種新的方式從而把事情做得更好。 1．A.tired　　　　　 B．a(chǎn)sleep C．silent D．a(chǎn)wake 解析：根據(jù)后面閉上眼睛什么都不做，可知是

51、當(dāng)“我”睡覺的時候，asleep意為“入睡”，故答案選B。 答案：B 2．A.slowly B．late C．quickly D．early 解析：根據(jù)下一段的敘述，課是8點開始，而作者的老師要求7：15前到校 ，可知是不得不早起，故答案選D。 答案：D 3．A.enough B．no C．many D．a(chǎn)ny 解析：從7：15到8：00，可知有足夠的時間準備功課，故答案選A。many修飾可數(shù)名詞，可以排除。 答案：A 4．A.lazy B．sleepy C．late D．noisy 解析：老師要求7：15之前必須到校，因此所要表達的意思是：如果

52、遲到，就要扣掉一分(point)。故答案選C。 答案：C 5．A.times B．points C．days D．classes 解析：上文說遲到一次就扣掉一分，因此當(dāng)達到10分(points)時，父母就一定要到學(xué)校來了。故本題選B。 答案：B 6．A.surprising B．impossible C．interesting D．boring 解析：由后半句的轉(zhuǎn)折“依舊不希望自己被扣分”可知“我”認為老師的規(guī)定是令人厭煩(boring)的，故選D。 答案：D 7．A.failed B．lied C．sounded D．disappeared 解析：

53、后文說起床后就已經(jīng)7點了，而老師要求7：15前到校，由此可知鬧鐘設(shè)置沒有成功(failed)，故選A。 答案：A 8．A.jump B．thought C．start D．dream 解析：with a start意為“一驚地；猛地一驚”?！拔摇泵偷匦褋戆l(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)7點了，故選C。 答案：C 9．A.class B．day C．week D．month 解析：后文解釋說那周(week)“我”每天都遲到，因此是一周已失了6分了，故答案為C。 答案：C 10．A.believed B．expected C．a(chǎn)dvised D．hoped 解析：“我”的老

54、師生氣地說他期望(expected)“我”再次遲到，扣到10分后可以叫家長來學(xué)校。故選B。 答案：B 11．A.exam B．mistake C．duty D．day 解析：上文提到如果扣掉10分就要請家長到學(xué)校，“我”已扣了6分，因此“我”的朋友開玩笑說“我”被叫家長的日子(day)不久就要到來了。故選D。 答案：D 12．A.decided B．wanted C．offered D．tried 解析：經(jīng)過了6天的遲到后“我”最終決定(decided)做一些事情。故選A。 答案：A 13．A.alarm clock B．schoolbag C．wat

55、ch D．bike 解析：上文提到鬧鐘壞了導(dǎo)致上學(xué)遲到，因此應(yīng)是買了一個新的鬧鐘(alarm clock)。故選A。 答案：A 14．A.as if B．a(chǎn)s though C．even if D．only if 解析：下一段說新鬧鐘對于像“我”這樣的懶貓來說是很好的，因此本句句意是：即使(even if)“我”關(guān)掉鬧鐘，它也會按時響鈴的。故選C。 答案：C 15．A.had B．used C．watched D．bought 解析：當(dāng)?shù)谝淮斡?used)新鬧鐘時，第二天早晨“我”成功地6點鐘就起來了。 答案：B 16．A.itself B．the

56、m C．myself D．us 解析：因為早起之后發(fā)現(xiàn)空氣清新，還可以讀讀英語，也從而發(fā)現(xiàn)了英語的美。因此“我”為自己(myself)感到自豪。故選C。 答案：C 17．A.cool B．warm C．comfortable D．fresh 解析：早晨的空氣是清新的(fresh)，故選D。 答案：D 18．A.after B．yet C．a(chǎn)go D．before 解析：以前(before)總是起得晚，從沒發(fā)現(xiàn)早晨是如此美好，故選D。 答案：D 19．A.gift B．box C．pack D．piece 解析：正如《阿甘正傳》中所說的“生活就像一盒(box)巧克力，你永遠不知道下一顆是什么味道”。 答案：B 20．A.rules B．ideas C．habits D．dreams 解析：有時我們應(yīng)該打破以前的習(xí)慣(habit)，做出適當(dāng)?shù)母淖?，那樣可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)一種新的方式會把事情做得更好。rule意為“規(guī)則，條例”；idea意為“想法，主意”；dream意為“夢想”。 答案：C 14