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1、Unit 4 Sharing.閱讀理解APatients in the early stages of Alzheimers disease often struggle to remember recently learned information, meaning they forget things like important appointments or where they left their keys. But it seems that these memories are not lost. They are still filed away in the brain

2、somewhere; they just cant be easily accessed.Now, researchers at MIT have developed a means of getting back memories in mice suffering from Alzheimers. The method relies on a technique that uses light to control genetically modified neurons (轉(zhuǎn)基因神經(jīng)元). Currently it is too early to be used in human tri

3、als as it involves inserting light emitting(發(fā)光) equipment into the subjects brains, but the same principles still apply, the researchers said.“The important point is that this is evidence of the concept. That is, even if a memory seems to be gone, it is still there. Its a matter of how to get it bac

4、k，”said the senior researcher Susumu Tonegawa.The team took two groups of mice, one genetically engineered to develop Alzheimers and one healthy. They then placed them into a room and gave them a mild electric shock.All of the mice showed fear when put back an hour later. When placed in the room a t

5、hird time several days later, the Alzheimers mice acted normally. They had forgotten the shock.The researchers were then able to bring back the memory of the shock by activating(激活) the cells in which the memories were stored. Even when the mice were put into an unfamiliar room, they showed fear whe

6、n the cells associated with the shock were activated.“Shortterm memories seem to be normal in order of hours.But for longterm memories, these earlyAlzheimers mice seem to be damaged，”said the lead researcher Dheeraj Roy.“Directly activating the cells that we believe are holding the memory helps them

7、 get it back. This suggests that it is indeed an access problem to the information, not that they are unable to learn or store this memory.”語篇解讀本文主要介紹了利用光控制轉(zhuǎn)基因神經(jīng)元使早老性癡呆病患者恢復(fù)記憶的技術(shù)。1What can we learn about the researchers at MIT?AThey are the pioneers of brain research.BThey have used the method in hu

8、man trials.CThey can cure Alzheimers using the new method.DThey can get back memories in mice with Alzheimers.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Now，researchers at MIT have developed a means of getting back memories in mice suffering from Alzheimers.”可知，他們能夠使患有早老性癡呆病的老鼠恢復(fù)記憶。答案：D2Why did the Alzheimers mice behave n

9、ormally the third time?AThey failed to remember the electric shock.BThey were accustomed to the situation.CThey managed to overcome the fear.DThey activated the association automatically.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“the Alzheimers mice acted normally.They had forgotten the shock.”可知，這些老鼠忘記了受到的電擊。答案：A3For longter

10、m memories, the earlyAlzheimers mice .Acan transform their brain cellsBcant learn new tricks wellCcan easily get back their memoriesDcant access the information stored解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“But for longterm memories，these earlyAlzheimers mice seem to be damaged”和“Directly activating.this memory”可知，對(duì)于長期記憶來

11、說，這些處于早老性癡呆病早期的老鼠因?yàn)?腦細(xì)胞)已經(jīng)被損害，不能獲得這種已經(jīng)儲(chǔ)存的信息。答案：D4The main purpose of the text is to .Aintroduce a method of a researchBreport the latest discovery about a diseaseCgive advice on how to improve memoriesDexplain how a brain stores information解析：作者意圖題。通讀全文可知，本文的主要目的是報(bào)道關(guān)于早老性癡呆病的最新發(fā)現(xiàn)。答案：BBIf you followed

12、 the 2016 Olympic Games, you may have noticed that several athletes, including US swimmer Michael Phelps, had circular bruises on their bodies. These bruises were the result of “cupping (拔火罐) therapy”， a traditional Chinese medicinal practice that has been around for more than 2,000 years.Many athle

13、tes say that they have benefited from the therapy. Phelps used the therapy in the fall of 2014 and has used it about twice a week since, reported ABC News. Another US swimmer, Dana Vollmer, also believes that “it really helps with blood flow”However, some have said that the supposed health effects r

14、esult from peoples feeling that the treatment works, rather than any physical effect of the treatment.To figure out cupping therapy has any physical effect, last year researchers from Germany carried out a test in which a false treatment was provided.In the study, the same type of cups was used in t

15、he real treatment and the false treatment. But in the false treatment，the cups had a hole at the top so that they couldnt create the proper suction (吸力)The tested patients, who suffered from a disorder that caused a lot of pain, were told that they would receive either traditional cupping or “soft c

16、upping”. But they were not informed that the socalled “soft cupping” was a false treatment.It turned out that most patients correctly guessed which kind of cupping they had received. In both groups, patients also experienced about the same reductions in pain. “The results suggest the effects of cupp

17、ing therapy might come from factors that are not necessarily part of the treatment itself，” the researchers told the Live Science website.The question of whether cupping therapy works still needs to be answered.“But because the treatment is relatively safe and it could be helpful for some people, th

18、e therapy can be used as part of a comprehensive treatment program involving other exercises, nutritional choices and lifestyle changing，”Dr Brent Bauer, director of the US Complementary and Integrative Medicine Program at Mayo Clinic, told Live Science.語篇解讀本文主要介紹了中國傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)療方式拔火罐的實(shí)際療效問題。5Why is Michael

19、Phelps mentioned in the passage?ATo give athletes a new way to swim faster.BTo provide athletes with a new way of treatment.CTo introduce the topic on cupping therapy.DTo show swimmers suffer from disorders.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章前兩段的整體內(nèi)容可推知，提到運(yùn)動(dòng)員菲爾普斯是為了導(dǎo)入文章的話題，即拔火罐療法是否有效，故選C。答案：C6The purpose of the test by r

20、esearchers from Germany was to .Apromote the health effects of cupping therapyBsee whether cupping therapy has a physical effectCcompare traditional cupping with soft cuppingDcompare cupping therapys effects on different groups of people解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段整體內(nèi)容可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是驗(yàn)證拔火罐是否真的有效。答案：B7What can be learned

21、 from the passage?ADifferent people need different types of cupping therapy.BThe real treatment and false treatment almost have the same effects.CThe results show that cupping therapy is not part of the treatment.DCupping therapy is only effective when used with lifestyle changing.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“

22、In both groups，patients also experienced about the same reductions in pain.”可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)表明兩種不同的拔火罐方法效果是一樣的。答案：B8According to Dr Brent Bauer, cupping therapy .Ais a fast and easy treatment for people to carry outBis a newly invented way to cure some diseasesCneeds a long period of time to take effectDcan be

23、 used together with other treatments解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“But because the treatment is relatively safe and it could be helpful for some people，the therapy can be used as part of a comprehensive treatment program involving other exercises，nutritional choices and lifestyle changing”可知，Dr Brent Bauer認(rèn)為拔火罐可

24、以和其他方法一起配合治療。答案：D.完形填空A 14yearold Chinese boy overcame two of humankinds most dreaded fears getting stuck in an elevator and getting homework done in a single night thanks to his quickwitted(反應(yīng)敏捷的)character.Sun Yixiao was on his way up last Tuesday evening after school when the lift suddenly stopped

25、.A moment of 1 followed before the teenager decided to take 2 into his own hands and find a way out.Sun said he tried to pry(撬)the elevator door open，but 3 there could be a malfunction (機(jī)器故障)that would send the elevator 4 a free fall，he 5 the idea and instead 6 against the wall.He then pressed all t

26、he buttons in the hope of getting the elevator to work again，but in vain.Sun then pushed the “Stop” button to lock the elevator and make sure it wouldnt move. 7 a cellphone at hand，Sun tried 8 to get the attention of people outside，but no one responded 9 time passed by.But the young boy didnt give u

27、p.He slipped a note 10 the door with the message “People stuck inside；please ask the property management(物業(yè))for help”and hoped someone would pick it up and act it on.After 11 all his options，the 12 kid decided to tend to his homework, not knowing how long it would take 13 someone found him.He took o

28、ut his textbooks and 14 himself with his daily homework routine.Soon after he finished his duties，Sun heard loud voices coming from 15 .“There was a large crowd outside，including my teachers and other parents；people looked quite 16 ，”Sun said the moment he was rescued.He had been trapped for five ho

29、urs by the help arrived.On Chinas Twitterlike Weibo，many netizens 17 the boys bravery and calmness in the face of such 18 .“The guy must have 19 the advantages and disadvantages of the situation：he had a great chance to survive an 20 elevator，but would have been doomed if he left homework undone，”jo

30、ked Zealshifang.語篇解讀本文主要講述了中國14歲男孩兒孫軼瀟在電梯出了故障后不僅沒有驚慌失措，最后還把作業(yè)做完了的故事。1A.panicBexcitementCconfusionDdepression解析：與上文的“fears”呼應(yīng)，主人公在電梯突然停止后，隨之而來的是驚慌。panic“驚慌”；excitement“激動(dòng)”；confusion“困惑”；depression“抑郁”。答案：A2A.materials BsubstancesCmattersDevents解析：根據(jù)下文的“find a way out”可推知，主人公決定自己處理這種意外情況，與上文的“overcame

31、”呼應(yīng)。take matters into ones own hands固定搭配，意為“親自處理某事”。答案：C3A.considering BtellingCunderstandingDignoring解析：根據(jù)語境可知，主人公試圖撬電梯，但考慮到電梯出了故障可能會(huì)自由下墜。consider“考慮”。答案：A4A.onto BintoCwithinDfrom解析：send sth.into sth.為固定詞組，意為“使進(jìn)入(某種狀態(tài))”，此處表示“使電梯自由下落”。答案：B5A.formed BabandonedCrejectedDaccepted解析：根據(jù)上文的“but”和下文的“inst

32、ead”可推知，主人公放棄了自己之前的想法。abandon“拋棄，放棄”。答案：B6A.stood BlayCkneltDleaned解析：根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，在電梯出故障時(shí)，最好靠著電梯內(nèi)墻。lean“靠在”。答案：D7A.With BWithoutCThroughDBy解析：根據(jù)語境可知，主人公手邊沒有手機(jī)，故用Without表示“沒有”。答案：B8A.screaming BcryingCwhisperingDyelling解析：根據(jù)空后的“to get the attention of people outside”可推知，主人公當(dāng)時(shí)大聲喊叫，希望有人能夠聽到，以便得到幫助。yell“叫喊”。

33、答案：D9A.with BasCwhenDwhile解析：此處as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“隨著”，表示“隨著時(shí)間的流逝，沒有人回應(yīng)他”。答案：B10A.from BbyCthroughDacross解析：根據(jù)語境可知，困在電梯里的主人公通過電梯門縫塞出求救便條。through“穿過”，表示立體概念；across“橫過”，表示平面概念。答案：C11A.exhausting BwearingCcompletingDfinishing解析：根據(jù)語境可推知，主人公用盡了各種能想到的求救辦法，都沒有得到回應(yīng)。exhaust“耗盡，使筋疲力盡”。答案：A12A.handsome BterrifiedCpr

34、acticalDmodest解析：根據(jù)語境可知，主人公決定做作業(yè)，這說明他是一個(gè)務(wù)實(shí)的(practical)孩子。答案：C13A.before BafterCwhen Duntil解析：此處表示“在有人發(fā)現(xiàn)他之前”，符合語境，故用before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。答案：A14A.occupied BchargedCdevotedDabandoned解析：occupy sb.with sth.為固定詞組，意為“使某人忙于某事”，結(jié)合語境可知，主人公開始埋頭做作業(yè)了。答案：A15A.inside BoutsideCupside Ddownside解析：根據(jù)上文的“to get the attentio

35、n of people outside”可推知，后來主人公聽到外面有很大的聲音，與下文的“There was a large crowd outside，including my teachers and other parents”呼應(yīng)。答案：B16A.relieved BdelightedCscared Dpuzzled解析：根據(jù)“he was rescued”可推知，當(dāng)主人公得救時(shí)，人們都松了一口氣。relieved“感到寬慰的”。答案：A17A.cheered up Bthumbed upCwarmed upDbuilt up解析：根據(jù)“bravery and calmness”可推知

36、，微博上許多網(wǎng)民對(duì)主人公的勇敢和冷靜評(píng)價(jià)很高。thumb up“豎起大拇指，評(píng)價(jià)很高”。答案：B18A.emergency BincidentCaccident Devent解析：主人公被困在故障電梯中，這是一種緊急狀況。emergency“緊急情況”；incident“小事件”；accident“意外，(交通)事故”；event“公開活動(dòng)，重大事件”。答案：A19A.compared BfiguredCimagined Dweighed解析：根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示主人公認(rèn)真權(quán)衡(weighed)了利弊。答案：D20A.outoforder BoutofdateCoutofbalance Do

37、utofshape解析：根據(jù)上文的多處描述可知，電梯出現(xiàn)故障。outoforder“有故障的”。答案：A.短文改錯(cuò)This morning, I got an email from the library. It said the book I reserved was ready to be picking up. Because I had always been waiting to read it, so at that moment I was very exciting. Outside the library, I saw the man driving around the s

38、mall parking lot, try to find a parking space. He head for the disabled parking space, the only one that was free. He got off his car with a pile of library book to return. Seeing that, I offered to return them to him. He thanked me and jumped quick in his car and drove off, keeping the disabled par

39、king space free for someone needed it.答案：This morning, I got an email from the library. It said the book I reserved was ready to be up. Because I had always been waiting to read it, at that moment I was very . Outside the library, I saw man driving around the small parking lot, to find a parking space. He for the disabled parking space, the only one that was free. He got off his car with a pile of library to return. Seeing that, I offered to return them him. He thanked me and jumped in his car and drove off, keeping the disabled parking space free for someone needed it.9