《（天津?qū)Ｓ茫?019高考英語(yǔ)二輪增分策略 專題三 閱讀理解 第二節(jié) 分類突破 六 推理判斷-寫作意圖題優(yōu)選習(xí)題》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《（天津?qū)Ｓ茫?019高考英語(yǔ)二輪增分策略 專題三 閱讀理解 第二節(jié) 分類突破 六 推理判斷-寫作意圖題優(yōu)選習(xí)題（16頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、六、推理判斷寫作意圖題(2018北京，C)Plastic-Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year.Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋場(chǎng))，and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans.So far there is no effective way to get rid of it，but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the s

2、tomachs of some hungry worms.Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene，which accounts for 40% of plastics.The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours，and the worms consumed and broke down

3、about 92 milligrams，or almost 3% of it.To confirm that the worms chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown，the researchers made some worms into paste(糊狀物) and applied it to plastic films.14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their massapparently broken down by enzymes(酶) fr

4、om the worms stomachs.Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini，co-author of the study，says the worms ability to break down their everyday foodbeeswaxalso allows them to break down plastic.“Wax is a complex mixture，but the basic bond in polyethylene，the carbon-car

5、bon bond，is there as well，” she explains.“The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”Jennifer DeBruyn，a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee，who was not involved in the study，says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene.But compared with previous st

6、udies，she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting.The next step，DeBruyn says，will be to identify the cause of the breakdown.Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(腸道微生物)?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her teams findings might one day help employ the enzyme to

7、break down plastics in landfills.But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial processnot simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。作者介紹了一項(xiàng)科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)：一種吃塑料的蟲(chóng)子大蠟螟，它胃中的酶能夠降解塑料，從而為人們解決塑料污染問(wèn)題提供新的途徑。43.What can we learn about the worms in the study?A.They take plastic

8、s as their everyday food.B.They are newly evolved creatures.C.They can consume plastics.D.They wind up in landfills.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“.found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene.”和第二句中的“the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams”可知，研究人員在研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)大蠟螟蠕蟲(chóng)可以分解塑料中的聚乙

9、烯，顯然也可以分解垃圾中的塑料，與選項(xiàng)C中提到的“吃塑料”吻合。44.According to Jennifer DeBruyn，the next step of the study is to .A.identify other means of the breakdownB.find out the source of the enzymeC.confirm the research findingsD.increase the breakdown speed答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后兩句“The next step.Is it an enzyme produced by the

10、 worm itself or by its gut microbes(腸道微生物)？”可知，接下來(lái)人們需要證實(shí)的就是酶是從哪里產(chǎn)生的。選項(xiàng)B “查明酶的來(lái)源”與此吻合。45.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .A.help to raise wormsB.help make plastic bagsC.be used to clean the oceansD.be produced in factories in future答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“But she expec

11、ts using the chemical in some kind of industrial processnot simply millions of worms.”可知，研究人員期望在某種工業(yè)流程中使用這種化學(xué)制品，而不僅僅是把數(shù)百萬(wàn)的蟲(chóng)子扔到塑料上。這與選項(xiàng)D中提到的“今后工廠可能生產(chǎn)這種化學(xué)制品”吻合。46.What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To explain a study method on worms.B.To introduce the diet of a special worm.C.To present a way t

12、o break down plastics.D.To propose new means to keep eco-balance.答案C解析寫作意圖題。作者通過(guò)本文介紹了一項(xiàng)消除塑料垃圾的研究，顯然是為人們提供了一條清除塑料垃圾的新途徑。選項(xiàng)C與此意吻合。一、題型解讀各種話題的閱讀材料都可能考查寫作目的/意圖題。設(shè)問(wèn)形式常有：1.整篇文章的寫作目的/意圖：(1)The writer writes this passage in order to .(2)The purpose of the text is to .(3)What is the main purpose of the passa

13、ge?(4)The writer of the story wants to tell us that .2.某處細(xì)節(jié)的寫作目的/意圖：(1)The writer uses.in the first paragraph to .(2)The writer uses the example of.to .(3)The author writes the last paragraph in order to .二、解題技巧1.文體特點(diǎn)推意圖(1)記敘文：一般會(huì)在首段或尾段出現(xiàn)高度概括的總結(jié)性語(yǔ)言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有的敘述都是圍繞該哲理展開(kāi)的。(2)應(yīng)用文：文章中有對(duì)某種物品或服務(wù)的詳盡介紹

14、，使用具有明顯支持傾向的語(yǔ)言。(3)說(shuō)明文：寫作目的有賴于對(duì)文章主旨的把握，閱讀時(shí)需要找準(zhǔn)主題句。(4)議論文：提出論點(diǎn)進(jìn)行論證得出結(jié)論，作者的意圖往往隱含于最后一部分中。2.看寫作手法找答案(1)在文章開(kāi)頭提出問(wèn)題或介紹與主題有關(guān)的其他事物時(shí)答案中往往會(huì)含有to bring in/to introduce the topic等字眼。(2)舉例或引用某人的話時(shí)答案中往往會(huì)含有to support/to show.例如：【真題感悟】中的第46題，文章為說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)蠕蟲(chóng)可以分解塑料。因此可以推斷該篇文章的寫作意圖是告訴讀者一種新的分解塑料的方法。A(2018天津部分區(qū)縣二模)

15、Are you sick of going to bed late and waking up tired? Then grab your hiking boots and a tent.A new study suggests that a couple days of camping in the great outdoors can reset your circadian clock and help you get more sleep.The circadian clock，more commonly known as the body clock，is an internal s

16、ystem that tells our bodies when its time to go to sleep and when its time to go to wake up.Scientists track this clock by measuring the amount of melatonin(褪黑激素) circulating in a persons blood at any given time.In a healthy sleeper，melatonin levels rise a few hours before bedtime，stay high through

17、the night，and then settle back down when its time to wake up.In our modern society，however，most of us stay up many hours past sunset and would probably sleep in many hours after sunrise if we could.And the trouble is，your melatonin levels may still be high when your alarm clock goes off in the morni

18、ng，which leads to grogginess.It may also have other health consequences as well，such as diabetes(糖尿病)，overweight and heart disease.Professor Kenneth Wright of the University of Colorado in the US wanted to see if our body clocks can be reset by a short stay in nature.His team recruited 14 physically

19、 active volunteers in their 20s and 30s.Nine went on a weekend camping trip，while the other five stayed home.At the end of the weekend，the researchers reported that in just two days，the campers body clocks had shifted so that their melatonin levels began to rise more than an hour earlier than they d

20、id before they left on the trip.By contrast，the body clocks of the group that stayed home shifted even later over the course of the weekend.“This tells us we can reset our clocks fast，” Wright said.Therefore，if you want to change your sleep patterns，you could try to increase your exposure to nature

21、light during the day and decrease the amount of artificial light you see at night.And if that doesnt work，theres always camping.1.The author wrote this article mainly to .A.explain why it is bad for our health not to sleep enough B.inform us of a possible way to adjust the circadian clock C.analyze

22、how the circadian clock influences our sleeping habits D.explore how the circadian clock is connected with melatonin levels答案B解析寫作意圖題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容“A new study suggests that a couple days of camping in the great outdoors can reset your circadian clock and help you get more sleep.”可知，作者寫作本文主要是告訴我們一種調(diào)整生物鐘的可行

23、的方法。2.The underlined word “grogginess” in Paragraph 4 probably means “ ”.A.tiredness B.excitementC.refreshment D.pressure答案A解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句“And the trouble is，your melatonin levels may still be high when your alarm clock goes off in the morning，which leads to grogginess.”和第三段內(nèi)容可知，褪黑激素是促進(jìn)睡眠的，如果早上鬧鐘響

24、起而體內(nèi)褪黑激素依然保持較高水平，那么人應(yīng)該是會(huì)感到疲勞的。故可推知，“grogginess”指的是“疲勞”。3.How does the author develop the passage? A.By categorization.B.By comparison.C.By the order of time.D.By the order of space.答案B解析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，作者是將待在室內(nèi)與待在室外的人進(jìn)行比較，得出的結(jié)論。by categorization歸類；by comparison比較；by the order of time按時(shí)間順序；by the orde

25、r of space按空間順序。4.What did Wrights team discover from their experiment? A.The body clocks of the two groups didnt show much difference.B.The body clocks of those who stayed home remained the same.C.Those staying outdoors reset the clock inside their bodies over a short period.D.Changes to the circad

26、ian clock dont necessarily affect melatonin levels in our bodies.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段的內(nèi)容可知，通過(guò)對(duì)比兩組人群的睡眠表現(xiàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些待在戶外的人可以在短時(shí)間內(nèi)調(diào)整好生物鐘。5.According to the article，wed better to improve our sleeping habit.A.spend weeks sleeping outdoors B.try to reduce melatonin levels at night C.set an alarm clock to go off

27、every morning D.expose ourselves to more nature light in the day and less artificial light at night 答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，我們可以通過(guò)待在戶外，接觸更多的自然光以及夜晚減少照射人造光來(lái)改變我們的睡眠習(xí)慣。B(2018河西區(qū)一模)One evening I went out and left my 17-year-old son in charge of his 8-year-old brother and 4-year-old sister.On this occasion，t

28、he work was made less troublesome by the presence of his girlfriend.I left with complete confidence that the older children would do a wonderful job of babysitting the younger children.Later，I discovered that complete confidence was the last thing I should have left home with.I had decided to return

29、 home earlier than planned so that my son and his girlfriend could go out.I called home with this happy news.But instead of hearing his cheerful，grateful voice on the other end of the line，all I heard was the sound of a telephone ringing.It was，I should point out，after 10 p.m.，when the two younger c

30、hildren should have been in bed，and when the two older children should have been answering the phone.“Ill give him a lesson，” I said.I decided they must be outside.Why they might be outside at 1030 on a winter night？I had no idea，but it was the only explanation I could come up with.Finally，in desper

31、ation，I called his girlfriends house.After what seemed like countless rings，his girlfriend answered.“Yes，” she said brightly，“Hes right here.”He came to the phone.I was not my usual calm，rational self.After all，one of the rules of survival for modern parents is that you cant trust modern teenagers.“

32、Where are the children？” I said.He said they were with him.They had done nothing wrong.My son had taken the younger children over to his girlfriends house just for ice cream and cake.This was too good to be believed.Well，it turned out that I shouldnt have believed it.It was only part of the truth.Th

33、e following Saturday evening we were at my parents home，celebrating my birthday.My oldest son gave me the childrens gifts.Mounted and framed were a series of lovely color photographs of my children，dressed in their best clothes，and wearing their most wonderful expressions.They are pictures to treasu

34、re a lifetime，all taken by the father of my sons girlfriend.6.The author went out and left her eldest son in charge of the younger children because .A.she knew that her eldest son was a good baby-sitterB.she thought it no hard work to take care of the younger onesC.she believed he could do well with

35、 his girlfriends helpD.she could not find a baby-sitter on that winter night答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二、三句“On this occasion，the work was made less troublesome by the presence of his girlfriend.I left with complete confidence that the older children would do a wonderful job of babysitting the younger children

36、.”可知，作者離開(kāi)時(shí)非常自信，認(rèn)為在他女朋友的幫助下，年紀(jì)大的孩子可以照顧好小孩子。7.When the author called home that evening，she found that .A.there was no one answering the telephoneB.the children were preparing a birthday gift for herC.her son was quarrelling with his girlfriendD.her son had brought his girlfriend home答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段最后一

37、句“all I heard was the sound of a telephone ringing”可知，作者聽(tīng)到的只有電話鈴聲，家里沒(méi)人接電話。8.According to Paragraph 3，“it” means .A.the two younger children have been in bedB.the older children have been answering the phoneC.the author will give her older son a lessonD.the older son went outside with his girlfriend答

38、案D解析代詞指代題。根據(jù)第三段中的“I decided they must be outside.Why they might be outside at 1030 on a winter night？”可知，it指的是作者的大兒子和他的女朋友出去了。9.What might the children do that evening?A.They had a birthday party.B.They had their pictures taken.C.They framed some photographs.D.They made some beautiful clothes.答案B解析推

39、理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，作者收到的孩子們的禮物是一些照片“all taken by the father of my sons girlfriend”而且這些照片都是兒子女朋友的爸爸拍的，可見(jiàn)吃冰淇淋和蛋糕并不是孩子們做的所有的事情，他們還給媽媽準(zhǔn)備了生日禮物。10.What does the author intend to tell us by the story?A.Modern teenagers are not worth trusting.B.It is no easy job to look after young children.C.It is no good to ha

40、ve a girlfriend at an early age.D.Her children have a caring and tender heart.答案D解析寫作目的題。文章通過(guò)描述了孩子們?yōu)閶寢尵臏?zhǔn)備珍貴的照片作為生日禮物，說(shuō)明孩子們的關(guān)心和體貼。題型組合練(九).單項(xiàng)填空1.No one was hurt in the accident，and we all breathed a sigh of .(2018宿遷高一期中)A.relief B.surpriseC.embarrassment D.disappointment答案A解析句意為：在事故中沒(méi)人受傷，我們都寬慰地松了一口氣

41、。relief輕松，寬慰；surprise驚奇；embarrassment尷尬；disappointment失望。根據(jù)句意，故選A項(xiàng)。2.Last month，part of Britain was struck by snowstorms，from effects most passengers in Heathrow were suffering a lot，especially those with children.A.which B.what C.that D.whose答案D解析句意為：上個(gè)月，英國(guó)的一部分地區(qū)遭到了暴風(fēng)雪的襲擊，在Heathrow的大多數(shù)乘客都深受其苦，特別是那些

42、有孩子的人。此處snowstorms是先行詞，與effects有所屬關(guān)系，故用whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，whose在從句中作定語(yǔ)，故答案為D。3.I wonder what makes you a good salesperson.I as a waiter for three years，which contributes a lot to my todays work.A.serve B.have servedC.had served D.served答案D解析句意為：我想知道什么使你成為一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的銷售員。我當(dāng)過(guò)三年的服務(wù)員，這對(duì)我現(xiàn)在的工作有很大幫助。根據(jù)句意，回答者現(xiàn)在是一名優(yōu)秀的銷售員

43、，做服務(wù)員的三年發(fā)生在過(guò)去，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故選D。4.It was already late，so when I came to the street，there was nobody .A.in advance B.in turnC.in return D.in sight答案D解析 句意為：天早已經(jīng)晚了，當(dāng)我到街上的時(shí)候，看不見(jiàn)任何人。in advance 預(yù)先，提前； in turn 輪流；in return 作為回報(bào)；in sight 看得見(jiàn)。根據(jù)句意，故選D項(xiàng)。5.How long do you expect it before the African can keep the

44、disease under control?As soon as possible.A.is B.has beenC.will be D.will have been答案C解析句意為：你預(yù)料要過(guò)多久之后非洲人才能控制住這一疾?。勘M快。固定句式：It will be 一段時(shí)間before.，多久之后才會(huì)，并由答句“As soon as possible.”可知句子用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。故選C。6.Next door to ours ，who seem to have settled in this community for quite a long time.A.are living a black

45、 coupleB.live a black coupleC.are a black couple livingD.do a black couple live答案B解析表示地點(diǎn)的狀語(yǔ)Next door to ours置于句首，且主語(yǔ)為名詞“a black couple”，所以句子要用完全倒裝，完全倒裝一般不出現(xiàn)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，故選B項(xiàng)。句意為：我們隔壁住著一對(duì)黑人夫婦，他們似乎已經(jīng)在這個(gè)社區(qū)定居很久了。故選B。7.Look at the noisy kids!Havent you heard the saying “ ”？A.Theres plenty of fish in the seaB.All

46、 that glitters is not goldC.When the cat is away，the mice will playD.A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush答案C解析Theres plenty of fish in the sea天涯何處無(wú)芳草；All that glitters is not gold閃光的未必都是金子；When the cat is away，the mice will play山中無(wú)老虎，猴子稱霸王；A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush雙鳥(niǎo)在林不如一鳥(niǎo)在手

47、。句意為：看這些吵鬧的孩子。你沒(méi)聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)“山中無(wú)老虎，猴子稱霸王”嗎？根據(jù)句意可知選C。8. fired，your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A.Would you beB.Should you beC.Could you beD.Might you be答案B解析句意為：你如果被解雇了，你的醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)和其他的利益不會(huì)被立刻取消。本題考查了虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝。如果虛擬語(yǔ)氣的條件從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中含有were，had，should；有時(shí)可將if省去，而將條件從句的主語(yǔ)置于were，had，should之后

48、，構(gòu)成倒裝。故選B。9.How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?A.them B.oneC.those D.it答案D解析句意為：如果你正在看最喜愛(ài)的電視節(jié)目，這時(shí)有人進(jìn)來(lái)沒(méi)有征求你的意見(jiàn)就把電視關(guān)了，你會(huì)怎么想？固定表達(dá)how would you like it if.，在此結(jié)構(gòu)中it代替后面if從句的內(nèi)容。10.After a long vacation，Mik

49、e came back .A.freshly and stronglyB.being fresh and strongC.fresh and strongD.to be fresh and strong答案C解析句意為：長(zhǎng)假后，麥克回來(lái)時(shí)精力充沛。作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，對(duì)主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明或?qū)χ髡Z(yǔ)狀態(tài)的描述用形容詞。副詞是對(duì)動(dòng)詞的修飾，“精力充沛”是對(duì)人而言的，不是對(duì)動(dòng)作“came back”而言的，所以A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。.閱讀理解Most parents will tell you that travelling internationally with kids is no day at the beach.“

50、For families with young children，spending a long period of time in an airport terminal can be a kind of pain.Partly because of all the waiting around but also because the airport is just a stopusually the first stopin a long journey.” said Suzanne Rowan Kelleher，a family travel expert and managing e

51、ditor of MiniT.But a new beach-themed play area for children in the international terminal at Los Angeles International Airport(LAX) gives kids a chance to have some fun and burn off some of their energy before they get on a flight.Opening on Thursday，in the new Tom Bradley International Terminal wi

52、th a party featuring the LAX therapy dogs，some gift bags and cupcakes，the 971-square-foot，post-security play area is titled “LAX Beach.” Open to kids aged 2 to 8，the play space has soft，sculpted foam pieces that resemble waves，surfboards，beach toys and dolphins and is keeping in with the terminals o

53、verall architectural theme，which was inspired by the Pacific Ocean to the west of the airport.“I think it is safe to say that happy children make better flights，” said Los Angeles World Airports Executive Director Gina Marie Lindsey.“And with the opening of LAX Beach，we are going to see a lot more h

54、appy children on our international flights.”There are likely going to be a lot more happy adults seated around those children on international flights as well with LAX Beach appearing in the international terminal.The play spacethe first childrens play area in any LAX terminalwas built for the Los A

55、ngeles World Airports by terminal management company Westfield for 350,000.In addition to the beach-themed foam pieces，theres a slide，an interactive light table and lifesavers for children to crawl through.The nearby seating overlooking the space offers a place for parents to relax and keep an eye o

56、n their kids.“Having a kid-centric place where kids can work off a bit of energy can be a real lifesaver，” said Rowan Kelleher.“The beach theme attempts to offer a sense of place，too，which is nice.”11.What message does the writer try to get across to the readers?A.Most parents traveling with their c

57、hildren like to travel by air.B.It cost Westfield more than 350,000 to build the airport.C.The feeling for parents with kids who are waiting for a long time in an airport is terrible.D.Children who play in LAX Beach always sleep in the plane.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“For families with young children，spendi

58、ng a long period of time in an airport terminal can be a kind of pain.Partly because of all the waiting around but also because the airport is just a stopusually the first stopin a long journey.”可知，對(duì)于那些在機(jī)場(chǎng)等待很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的孩子的父母來(lái)說(shuō)，這種等待的感覺(jué)很糟糕。12.What do you know about LAX Beach?A.It opens just on every Thursday

59、.B.Its designed with some oceanic features.C.You can see some doctors played by dogs.D.Adults are not allowed to get into it but parents.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“sculpted foam pieces that resemble waves，surfboards，beach toys and dolphins and is keeping in with the terminals overall architectural theme，whi

60、ch was inspired by the Pacific Ocean to the west of the airport.”可知LAX的設(shè)計(jì)帶有海洋的特色。13.We can infer from the passage that LAX .A.will build more theme beachesB.is to the west of the Pacific OceanC.will open to people of the cityD.brings joy to children at the airport答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容及第五段中的“And with th

61、e opening of LAX Beach，we are going to see a lot more happy children on our international flights.”可知，LAX機(jī)場(chǎng)給孩子們帶來(lái)歡樂(lè)。14.According to Rowan Kelleher，LAX Beach .A.is a landmark of Los AngelesB.is aimed for childrens safetyC.offers kids a place to rest wellD.offers parents a place to play with kids答案A解析

62、推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“The beach theme attempts to offer a sense of place，too，which is nice.”可知，Rowan認(rèn)為這個(gè)機(jī)場(chǎng)是洛杉磯的地標(biāo)性地點(diǎn)。15.Whats the main idea of the passage?A.Los Angeles airport will change its original style.B.Los Angeles airport gets beach-themed kids play area.C.Los Angeles airport will provide LAX Beach

63、 for kids for free.D.LAX Beach is the most popular place for kids in Los Angeles.答案B解析主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文介紹的是洛杉磯機(jī)場(chǎng)以海灘為主題的兒童游戲區(qū)，給孩子們帶來(lái)了歡樂(lè)。故選B。.閱讀表達(dá)(2017和平區(qū)二模)A generous stranger bought a plane ticket for a homeless mother to watch her three daughters compete at the AAU Junior Olympic Games.It is an annual event where kids in the US compete in sports.Sisters Tai Sheppard,11，Rainn Sheppard,10，and Brooke Sheppard,8who began training in track and field in January of 20