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1、Module 4 Which English？一、語基必備知識(shí)(一)重點(diǎn)詞匯分類記憶.閱讀詞匯在不認(rèn)識(shí)的詞匯前劃dialect ntrace n.unique adj. ancestor n.rhythm n. revolution n. furthermore adv. splendid adj.straightforward adj. dilemma n.relevant adj. absurd adj.concept n. clarify v.tendency n. vague adj.clumsy adj. select v.withdraw v. potential adj.abus

2、e v. betray v.prejudice n. conflict n.moral n. status n.classify v.核心詞匯寫其形1matter v重要，要緊；有關(guān)系2count v. 很重要；很有價(jià)值3._link n. 聯(lián)系4debate n. 討論；辯論5acquire_ v. 得到，獲得6convey v. 傳達(dá)，傳遞7thus adv. 因此；因而8reject v. 拒絕接受9._overcome v. 征服；戰(zhàn)勝10oppose v. 反對(duì).拓展詞匯通其變1instant adj.立即的；緊急的，立刻的n.瞬間，立刻instantly adv.立即，馬上 2re

3、cognise v認(rèn)出；承認(rèn)recognisable adj.能辨認(rèn)的，能認(rèn)出的_recognition n認(rèn)出；承認(rèn) 3complain v抱怨；不滿complaint n抱怨4investigate v調(diào)查investigation n調(diào)查，研究5convince vt.確信，信服convinced adj.確信的，信服的_convincing adj.令人信服的6associate v聯(lián)系；(使)發(fā)生聯(lián)系association n聯(lián)系_associated adj.有聯(lián)系的7significant adj.有意義的significance n意義；含義8resist v反抗；抵抗resi

4、stant adj.反抗的resistance n反抗；抵抗9approve vt.& vi.贊同；批準(zhǔn)approval n贊許；贊成10curious adj.好奇的curiosity n好奇心_curiously adv.好奇地1.說說“贊成”相關(guān)詞匯approval n贊許；贊成agree v. 同意，贊成approve v. 贊許；贊成agreement n. 同意favour n. 贊同，支持in favour of 支持，贊同be for 支持，贊成2.“反對(duì)”詞匯大比拼oppose vt.反對(duì)object vi. 反對(duì)disapprove vt. 反對(duì)；不同意disagree v

5、i. 不同意object to 反對(duì)be opposed to 反對(duì)be against 反對(duì)3.“重要”的很多matter v 重要，要緊；有關(guān)系count v. 很有價(jià)值；很重要vital adj. 至關(guān)重要的primary adj. 主要的fundamental adj. 必不可少的significant adj. 重要的essential adj. 基本的；必要的(二)重點(diǎn)短語記牢用活1tell.apart區(qū)分開2as_long_as 只要3lie_in 在于4in_conclusion 總之5a_huge_number_of 大量的6get_down_to_sth. 開始做某事7le

6、t_sb.down 使某人失望8or_rather 更確切地說1.“總之”說法種種in conclusion(all) in allin a wordin short/briefin general2.“開始做某事”短語大團(tuán)圓get down to (doing) sth.settle down to sth.set about doing sth.set out to do sth.start/begin to do/doing sth.3.rather相關(guān)短語一覽or rather更確切地說would rather 寧愿rather than 而不是other than 除了(三)重點(diǎn)句式

7、背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：whether .or .不管是還是In this sense everybodys use of languagewhether_English,_Chinese,_or_any_otheris different.從這種意義上來說，每個(gè)人對(duì)語言的使用不管是英語、漢語還是其他任何語言都是不同的。句型2：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型Perhaps correctness doesnt matteras long as speakers can understand each otherits_communication_that_counts也許正確與否不要緊只要說話的人互相明白就

8、行重要的是交流本身。句型3：主語beadj.to do . English has a huge number of colourful and splendid expressions which may be_difficult_to_understand英語中有大量絢爛而華麗，但可能很難懂的表達(dá)。二、語境強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練.語境填詞根據(jù)提示寫出該詞的適當(dāng)形式A根據(jù)漢語提示寫出下列單詞1While I cant fully understand what his music conveys(傳遞), his performance is quite impressive.2Mary overcame

9、(克服) a lot of difficulties and achieved many great achievements.3I will invite some famous professors to give lectures for our students so that we can acquire(獲得) a lot of knowledge.4Before we pass a proposal, we always have it debated(爭(zhēng)論) for several times at the meeting.5What counts(很重要) is not yo

10、ur appearance but your ability.B根據(jù)所給單詞寫出適當(dāng)形式6Its not right to make a decision without investigation(investigate) and study.7They help us understand science subjects better and arouse our curiosity(curious) about scientific discoveries.8The police received several complaints(complain) about the noise

11、 from our party.9He tried to convince me of the truth of the news but he couldnt provide convincing(convince) proof.10I would appreciate it if my application could get your approval(approve).語境品詞寫出加黑詞匯在語境中的意義1(2019北京卷)Does the name of the college you attend really matter？重要2(2019北京卷)Whatever colour

12、changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes.重大的3(2018全國(guó)卷)In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop.副的.選詞成篇be relevant to; get

13、 down to sth.; tell.apart; as long as; or rather; be meant forIts certain: for twins, life really does imitate art. My twin brother, Kirk, and I grew up being constantly mistaken for each other. Classmates, friends, teachers, even relatives couldnt 1.tell us apart. 2.Or_rather only my parents could

14、know who was who. As a result, we were often unfairly punished or rewarded. As a matter of fact, 3.as_long_as they paid more attention to our actions carefully, they could tell the difference.lie in; communicate with.; a huge number of; get down to.; let sb. downClose relationship and love 4.lie_in

15、frequent communication. Though the Internet develops rapidly, 5.a_huge_number_of people are facing a dilemma where they do not have time to municate_with their family face to face. As long as we put aside our cellphones and 7.get_down_to spending time with our family, we will never 8.let our family

16、down.完成語段Personally, it doesnt matter 1.whether_you_succeed_or_not(你是否成功). 2.It_is_your_efforts_that_really_matter(最重要的是你的努力)As long as you spare no effort to acquire knowledge, 3.success_is_not_hard_to_get(不難獲得成功) convincedadj.確信的，信服的基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空Scientists are convinced of the positive effect of laug

17、hter on physical and mental health.a.His idea was not convincing(convince). At last I convinced him to_change(change) his mind to accept my idea.bIt took us several hours to make the old man convinced(convince) of the safety of travelling by air.能力提升句式升級(jí)(普通表達(dá))Im convinced that you like papercutting,

18、 so Id like to invite you to visit the exhibition.(2017全國(guó)卷)(高級(jí)表達(dá))Convinced_that_you_like_papercutting,_Id like to invite you to visit the exhibition.(分詞短語作狀語)(1)be convinced of/that.確信，承認(rèn) (2)convince v. 說服，使相信convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信/信服某事convince sb.to do sth. 說服某人去做某事(3)convincing adj. 有說服力的 佳句背誦

19、 I dont believe what you said, but if you can prove it, you may be able to convince me.我不相信你所說的，但是如果你能拿出證據(jù)，那你就能夠使我相信。(江西卷)名師點(diǎn)津 “說服或勸說某人做某事”的表達(dá)還有：persuade sb. to do sth.persuade/talk sb. into doing sth. opposevt.反對(duì)；對(duì)抗，抗?fàn)幓A(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空Many residents opposed the government building(build) a chemical factor

20、y near the school.a.Opposed(oppose) to the plan of raising prices, they decided not to carry it out.b._Opposing(oppose) the plan of raising prices, they decided not to carry it out.(2019浙江卷6月)Nowadays, parents tend to offer considerate praise to their children, hoping to boost their confidence, but

21、it may produce the opposite(oppose) effect.能力提升完成句子/句式升級(jí)(普通表達(dá))The government postponed the new proposal because a lot of people opposed_it/were_opposed_to_it(反對(duì)它)(高級(jí)表達(dá))With_a_lot_of_people_opposed_to/opposing_the_new_proposal,_the government postponed it.(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))(1)oppose doing sth.反對(duì)做某事oppose sb.

22、/sb.s doing sth.反對(duì)某人做某事(2)opposed adj. 反對(duì)的，對(duì)抗的，敵對(duì)的be opposed to (doing) sth.反對(duì)(干)某事(3)opposite adj. 相反的，對(duì)面的adv. 在對(duì)面prep. 在對(duì)面n. 對(duì)立面，對(duì)立的人或物 佳句背誦 To be frank, in common with Helen, I strongly oppose/am strongly opposed to the proposal.坦率地說，與海倫一樣，我堅(jiān)決反對(duì)這個(gè)建議。名師點(diǎn)津 oppose后跟表示動(dòng)作的詞作賓語時(shí)，后面要用動(dòng)名詞形式。在be opposed t

23、o結(jié)構(gòu)中，to是介詞，其后要用動(dòng)詞的ing形式。 get down to (doing) sth.開始做某事基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空(福建卷)Weve just moved into a bigger house and theres a lot to do. Lets get down to it.(湖北卷)Ive been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network; I cant seem to get through(江蘇卷)Team leaders must

24、 ensure that all members get over their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.能力提升完成句子 (重慶卷)As is known to us, our friends lend us a hand when we are in trouble and help_us_get_through_difficult_situations(幫助我們渡過難關(guān))get over克服get across 通過；被理解get through 做完；通過(考試)；

25、接通(電話)get along/on with 進(jìn)展；與某人相處 佳句背誦 English and German cultures share similar values; however, Germans prefer to get down to business more quickly.英德文化有相似的價(jià)值觀，然而，德國(guó)人更喜歡盡快辦正事。名師點(diǎn)津 表示“開始做/著手做某事”的短語還有： set about doing sth.；set out to do sth.。 let sb. down使某人失望基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空(天津卷)Throwing their hats into t

26、he air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.(江蘇卷)For most people, its almost impossible to operate a computer without a mouse, let alone surf the Internet.(遼寧卷)When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your hate.能力提升詞匯升級(jí)(普通表達(dá))The professor w

27、ants to find an assistant who is worth depending on and wont disappoint him.(高級(jí)表達(dá))The professor wants to find an assistant who is worth depending on and wont let_him_downlet.in/into允許進(jìn)入let out 發(fā)出；放出；泄露let go (of) 放開；釋放；松手let alone 更不用說let sb./sth. alone 不管/不干涉某人/物 佳句背誦 He accidentally let out that h

28、e had quarreled with his wife and that he hadnt been home for a couple of weeks.他無意中說出他與妻子吵架了，他已經(jīng)好幾周沒有歸家了。(湖南卷)whether.or.無論是還是；不管是還是 (教材原句)In this sense everybodys use of languagewhether English, Chinese, or any otheris different.從這種意義上來說，每個(gè)人對(duì)語言的使用不管是英語、漢語還是其他任何語言都是不同的。基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空(山東卷)It doesnt matt

29、er whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.(2018北京卷)When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic.能力提升完成句子(牛津詞典)不管成功與否，我們確實(shí)已盡了最大努力。(讓步狀語從句)Whether_we_are_successful_or_not,_we can be sure that we

30、did our best.究竟此事對(duì)我們有害還是有利，還有待驗(yàn)證。(主語從句)Whether_it_will_do_us_harm_or_good_remains to be seen.(1)whether .or .“無論是還是， 不管是還是”， 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。(2)whether .or .也可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句作主語或賓語。(3)whether也可和or not 連用。 佳句背誦 Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if hes out there every day and playing ha

31、rd, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses.你兒子可能不是他隊(duì)里最好的籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員。但是如果他每天都在那里努力訓(xùn)練，不管他的球隊(duì)是贏還是輸，你都應(yīng)該對(duì)他的努力提出表?yè)P(yáng)。(2019浙江卷6月)維度一在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式1Her brother was_rejected(reject) by the army because of his bad eyesight.2It is reported that more and more students have difficul

32、ty in resisting(resist) playing computer games.3In everyday communication, information conveyed(convey)by gestures and tone of voice is often misunderstood.4I know its time I got down to doing(do) my homework, but I just cant resist playing(play) computer games.5Todays maths homework was easy to_do(

33、do), so Mike finished it quickly and went out to play.維度二在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~1It was when we were communicating with each other that I realized how happy it was to help others.2As a matter of fact, happiness doesnt lie in how much property you own.3Strangely, Mr.Green, opposed to the new policy, made no re

34、mark in the discussion.4Many customs and traditional ways of behavior are no longer relevant to the modern life.5Learning foreign languages calls for your memory, time, patience and emotions. In conclusion, it is not a simple thing.維度三派生詞練習(xí)1Thanks to your approval,_if you didnt approve of my plan, I

35、 would be fired by the employer.(approve)2Most students think it significant to join the English corner, though a few havent realized the significance of it.(significance)3Its a convincing speech and Im convinced that many people will benefit from it.(convince)4The boy is curiously watching what the

36、 old man is doing in the garden. He is always curious about the world outside and shows great curiosity about what is going on in nature.(curious)5I complained to the hotel manager that the room was too damp but my complaint was declined.(complain)維度四完成句子/句型轉(zhuǎn)換/一句多譯1我們學(xué)校的外教很容易相處。(主語be形容詞不定式)The forei

37、gn teacher in our school is_easy_to_get_along_with2這對(duì)我們是好是壞還很難說。(whether .or .)Whether_it_will_do_us_good_or_harm is hard to say.3生活中我們可能遇到許多失敗，但只要我們盡了力，就沒有必要為失敗而后悔。In our life we may meet many failures; as_long_as_we_try_our_best,_there is no need to feel regret for these failures.4The senior stude

38、nts are strongly against being treated unfairly by others.The senior students strongly_object_to_being_treated unfairly by others.The senior students are_strongly_opposed_to_being_treated unfairly by others.5許多老人反對(duì)為重建一個(gè)購(gòu)物中心而砍掉這棵百年老樹。Many old men oppose_cutting_down the 100yearold tree for rebuilding

39、 a shopping center. (oppose)Many old men are_opposed_to_cutting_down the 100yearold tree for rebuilding a shopping center. (opposed)提能一語段填空(短文中黑體部分為本模塊核心知識(shí)點(diǎn)，請(qǐng)補(bǔ)全短文，并背誦體會(huì)黑體部分用法)1Whether we live in a city or in the countryside, fresh air is of great 2.significance(significant). It 3.is_investigated(inv

40、estigate) that many peoples illness is relevant to polluted air. When the government gets down to 4.solving(solve) the problem, people are optimistic about the future of the country. Sometimes the result may fail 5.to_meet(meet) with peoples 6.approval(approve), or rather, letting people 7.down. Som

41、e make 8.a complaint about it. Of course, not all the citizens reject the result. They agree on the idea that many aspects have association with the problem. And any difficulty cant be solved 9.instantly(instant). 10.In conclusion, as long as we want to solve the problem, we must overcome it in the

42、near future.提能二話題寫作(用本模塊詞匯、句式和語法知識(shí)寫滿分作文)假設(shè)你是李華，你要寫一篇英語短文說明學(xué)習(xí)英語的重要性。寫作要點(diǎn)如下：英語的廣泛使用和重要性；學(xué)習(xí)英語的關(guān)鍵。1補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(黑體部分請(qǐng)用本模塊所學(xué)詞匯)隨著國(guó)際貿(mào)易的發(fā)展，英語的應(yīng)用越來越廣泛。With_the_development_of_international_trade,_English is used more and more widely.對(duì)于我們而言掌握英語很重要。It is very_significant_for_us_to_acquire_a_good_knowledge of English

43、.如果我們不能用英語與外國(guó)人自由地交流，我們也許會(huì)失去許多機(jī)會(huì)。(狀語從句)If we cant communicate_with_foreigners in English freely, we may lose a_huge_number_of_opportunities我們都相信學(xué)好英語不容易。We are_convinced that learning English well is not easy.學(xué)好英語的關(guān)鍵在于勤奮和信心。The_key_to_learning_English_well_lies_in hard work and confidence.只要我們開始努力學(xué)習(xí)，沒

44、有什么克服不了的困難。(狀語從句；be adj.to do)As_long_as_we_get_down_to_studying_hard,_nothing will be_difficult_to_overcome2升級(jí)平淡句用“beof名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí)句It_is_of_great_significance_for_us_to_acquire_a_good_knowledge_of_English.3銜接成美文(注意用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡銜接詞匯：thus, or rather, in fact, furthermore, in conclusion)_One possible version：Wit

45、h the development of international trade, English is used more and more widely. Thus, it is of great significance for us to acquire a good knowledge of English. Or rather if we cant communicate with foreigners in English freely, we may lose a huge number of opportunities. In fact, we are convinced t

46、hat learning English well is not easy. Furthermore, the key to learning English well lies in hard work and confidence. In conclusion, as long as we get down to studying hard, nothing will be difficult to overcome. (建議用時(shí)：35分鐘).閱讀理解A(2020貴陽適應(yīng)性考試一)Brits(英國(guó)人) are extremely bad at languages, with many of

47、 us relying on the fact that the rest of the world speak English. Only half(51%) are able to speak a second language to any standard and as more people travel abroad, this is becoming an increasing regret, according to a new study.Almost twothirds(62%) of UK adults wish they were better at speaking

48、languages. So they can better understand a citys culture(38% of respondents), talk with locals(24%) and go beyond the guide book(21%)Overcoming language barriers can be one of the most difficult parts of a holiday, particularly when in unfamiliar surroundings. So stressful in the fact that 10% of re

49、spondents said they didnt travel because of the problem.The survey by Hostelworld showed that one in five blamed getting lost on the language barrier, while a similar number had problems ordering food and one in ten got on the wrong train, plane or other form of transportation.If languages werent an

50、 issue then one in eight(12%) Brits would visit Japan. China, Italy and Russia were also popular choices. Despite the communication problem, Japan has seen a 7.5% increase in the number of British visitors between January and April, compared to this time last year.“The number of British travelers to

51、 Japan has been growing year on year，” according to Hollie Mantle, marketing and communication manager for the Japanese Tourist Board. “People are realizing that Japan is one of the most hospitable and beautiful countries on earth, with so many new experiences for travelers to try, not to mention wo

52、rldclass cuisine！”They had this message for Brits thinking about visiting：“Though some travelers worry about language barriers, as soon as you arrive in Japan, youll realize that people will go out of their way to help you enjoy their country. There really are few barriersroad signs and train statio

53、ns are in English, youll find that people speak more English than they let on, and even when they dont, they will go above and beyond to help you out.”【解題導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了語言障礙成為英國(guó)人出國(guó)旅游的一大顧慮。1What do we know from the first two paragraphs?ABrits are poor at languages.BBrits regret what they have done.CBrits

54、like relying on others.DBrits are good at languages.A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Brits(英國(guó)人) are extremely bad at languages, with many of us relying on the fact that the rest of the world speak English.”點(diǎn)題，并結(jié)合對(duì)前兩段的整體理解可推知，英國(guó)人的語言能力比較差，故選A。2How many Brits cant order food correctly because of language barriers?AA

55、bout 10%.BAbout 12%.CAbout 20%.DAbout 21%.C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“The survey by Hostelworld showed that one in five blamed getting lost on the language barrier, while a similar number had problems ordering food”可知，1/5即20%的英國(guó)人因?yàn)檎Z言障礙不能正確點(diǎn)餐，故選C。3How is the text mainly developed?ABy analyzing causes.BBy givin

56、g examples.CBy making description.DBy listing data.D解析：寫作手法題。根據(jù)對(duì)文章的整體理解可知，本文列舉了大量的數(shù)據(jù)來論證作者的觀點(diǎn)，由此可推知，本文是通過列出數(shù)據(jù)來展開的，故選D。B(2020福建三校第一學(xué)期聯(lián)考)Air pollution shortens human lives by more than a year, according to a new study from a team of leading environmental engineers and public health researchers. Better

57、air quality could lead to a significant extension of lifespans(壽命) around the world.It is the first time that data on air pollution and the lifespan has been studied together in order to check how air pollution affects overall life expectancy.The researchers looked at outdoor air pollution from part

58、iculate matter(PM)(顆粒物) smaller than 2.5 microns. These particulates can enter deep into the lungs, and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the increased risk of heart attacks, strokes and cancer. PM 2.5 pollution comes from power plants, cars and trucks, fires, agriculture and industrial emissions(

59、排放物)Led by Joshua Apte, the team used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study to measure PM 2.5 air pollution exposure and its consequences in 185 countries. They then quantified the national impact on life expectancy for each individual country as well as on a global scale.“The fact that air p

60、ollution is a major global killer is already wellknown，” said Apte. “And we all care about how long we can live. Here, we were able to systematically identify how air pollution shortens lives around the world. What we found is that air pollution has a very large effect on survivalon average about a year globally.”In the c