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1、三、概括詞匯類(2016江蘇)An Extension of the Human BrainOther people can help us compensate for our mental and emotional deficiencies(欠缺)，much as a wooden leg can compensate for a physical deficiency.To be exact，other people can extend our intelligence and help us understand and adjust our emotions.When anoth

2、er person helps us in such ways，he or she is participating in what Ive called a “social prosthetic(義肢的) system.” Such systems do not need to operate face-to-face，and its clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems.Its already a big bank of many minds.Even

3、 in its current state，the Internet has extended my memory and judgment.Regarding memory: Once I look up something on the Internet，I dont need to keep all the details for future useI know where to find that information again and can quickly and easily do so.More generally，the Internet functions as if

4、 it were my memory.This function of the Internet is particularly striking when Im writing; Im no longer comfortable writing if Im not connected to the Internet.Its become natural to check facts as I write，taking a minute or two to dip into PubMed，Wikipedia，or other websites.Regarding judgment: The I

5、nternet has made me smarter in matters small and large.For example，when Im writing a textbook，it has become second nature to check a dozen definitions of a key term，which helps me dig into the core and understand its meaning.But more than that，I now regularly compare my views with those of many othe

6、rs.If I have a “new idea，” I now quickly look to see whether somebody else has already thought of it，or something similarand I then compare what I think with what others have thought.This certainly makes my own views clearer.Moreover，I can find out whether my reactions to an event are reasonable eno

7、ugh by reading about those of others on the Internet.These effects of the Internet have become even more striking since Ive begun using a smartphone.I now regularly pull out my phone to check a fact，watch a video，read weibo.Such activities fill the spaces that used to be dead time (such as waiting f

8、or somebody to arrive for a lunch meeting)But thats the upside(好處)The downside is that in those dead periods I often would let my thoughts flow and sometimes would have an unexpected insight or idea.Those opportunities are now fewer and farther between.An Extension of the Human BrainA prosthetic nat

9、ureThe 71.Internet can help make up for our mental and emotional deficiencies as a wooden leg can compensate for a bodily deficiency.It 72.participates/joins in our daily events，extending our intelligence，comprehending our feelings，and expanding the range of social activities.Wonderful aspects: memo

10、ry and judgmentOn the Internet，we could quickly and easily locate the details，and check facts，without 73.keeping them in mind.The Internet makes us smarter over 74.all/different/various kinds of things.It provides a dozen definitions of a key term for us to find the 75.heart/core of the matter.The I

11、nternet enables us to exchange ideas with many others to 76.check our claims，and to 77.judge our actions.The 78.mixed/two sides of smartphonesSmartphones make it easier and more 79.convenient to check reality，watch video clips，read weibo.Smartphones 80.reduce the possibility for new and insightful m

12、inds，and steal away our dead time.考場思維模式第一步：讀表格，填出較簡單的概括性詞匯題文章標(biāo)題是“人類大腦的延伸”， 然后分為三個部分：假肢給我們帶來的好處，網(wǎng)絡(luò)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，智能手機(jī)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。其中第78題是概括詞匯類，78題根據(jù)其右表信息和文章的最后兩段可知既提到了智能手機(jī)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)也提到了其缺點(diǎn)，所以這是智能手機(jī)的正反兩方面內(nèi)容，所以使用形容詞“mixed/two”，故第78題填mixed/two。第二步：定位、定詞、定性、定形任務(wù)型閱讀表格高度概括了原文信息，為了節(jié)約時間并且提高解題的針對性，先讀表格內(nèi)容，然后在原文中進(jìn)行定位。定位后進(jìn)行定詞。定詞后要定性(如名詞、

13、動詞、形容詞、副詞)，最后定形(如單復(fù)數(shù)、非謂語形式、大小寫等)。1原文詞匯類71答案Internet解析根據(jù)第一段第四句“Such systems do not need to operate face-to-face，and its clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems.”可知因特網(wǎng)可以拓寬社會義肢系統(tǒng)的范圍，也就是說網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以彌補(bǔ)我們精神和情感上的缺陷。2轉(zhuǎn)換詞匯類72答案participates/joins解析根據(jù)第一段最后兩句“Its alread

14、y a big bank of many minds.Even in its current state，the Internet has extended my memory and judgment.”可知動詞短語“participate/join in”符合句意。73答案keeping解析根據(jù)第二段第一句“Once I look up something on the Internet，I dont need to keep all the details.”可知動詞短語“keep.in mind記住”，在表格中放在介詞without的后面，要使用動名詞keeping的形式。74答案al

15、l/different/various解析根據(jù)第三段第一句“The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large.”可知原文中“matters small and large”就是“all/different/various”的事情。75答案heart/core解析根據(jù)第三段第二句“.which helps me dig into the core and understand its meaning”可知網(wǎng)絡(luò)能讓我們找到事物的核心并理解其真正含義。故短語“the core/heart of the matter”和原文中“di

16、g into the core”語義一致。76答案check解析根據(jù)第三段第四句“If I have a new idea， I now quickly look to see whether somebody else has already thought of it，or something similarand I then compare what I think with what others have thought.”可知當(dāng)我們有了新的觀點(diǎn)以后，我們會上網(wǎng)檢查核對別人是否已經(jīng)有了同樣的觀點(diǎn)，并對自己的行動做出判斷。表格中check與原文語義一致。79答案convenient解

17、析根據(jù)第四段后兩句“I now regularly pull out my phone to check a fact，watch a video，read weibo.Such activities fill the spaces that used to be dead time (such as waiting for somebody to arrive for a lunch meeting)”可知我們可以使用智能手機(jī)隨時查信息，看視頻，讀微博，使用起來非常方便。所以使用形容詞convenient。80答案reduce解析根據(jù)文章最后兩句“The downside is that i

18、n those dead periods I often would let my thoughts flow and sometimes would have an unexpected insight or idea.Those opportunities are now fewer and farther between.”(在過去那些“dead periods”時，我總會有一些靈光一現(xiàn)的神來之念，但是現(xiàn)在這些時間都被智能手機(jī)占用了。這無疑就減少了這些神來之念的可能性。)可知表格中應(yīng)為“reduce the possibility”。3概括詞匯類77答案judge解析根據(jù)第三段最后一句“

19、Moreover，I can find out whether my reactions to an event are reasonable enough by reading about those of others on the Internet.”(而且在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上閱讀其他人的信息，讓我判斷我的行為是否合理)，所以表格里使用動詞judge。第三步：復(fù)查并將答案填在答題卡上復(fù)查完確認(rèn)沒有修改之后，將試卷上所寫答案填在答題卡規(guī)定區(qū)域，注意要認(rèn)真書寫，不能潦草。典型的任務(wù)型閱讀題目通常設(shè)置分為兩欄，左邊是文章提綱(passage outline)，右邊是支持性細(xì)節(jié)或者論據(jù)(supporting

20、 details)。概括詞匯類要求能夠最大程度地覆蓋右欄信息，同時具有簡潔性。這就要求考生對全文或段落進(jìn)行總體語篇把握，通過觀察表格的設(shè)置特點(diǎn)，從而歸納和概括出所考查的單詞。概括詞匯要求考生能夠準(zhǔn)確無誤地概括出文章的主題，能夠在概括的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行推斷、歸納、抽象并提煉出文章主旨或者重要信息，也就是要擁有在語篇結(jié)構(gòu)解讀基礎(chǔ)上的信息轉(zhuǎn)換能力?？疾榭忌鷮π畔⒌木C合加工和處理能力，其信息既體現(xiàn)在短文閱讀中，也體現(xiàn)在表格信息的比較與理解中。具體的解題步驟如下：(1)一審表格結(jié)構(gòu)。注意文章內(nèi)容脈絡(luò)，標(biāo)題和所需的表達(dá)類型。(2)二審短文意義。注意文章的段落和表格的匹配性。(3)三審語法運(yùn)用。注意涉及到的構(gòu)詞法

21、和語法項(xiàng)目。(2018泰州中學(xué)檢測)Your life is composed of all the little things we experience every day，and knowing how to find joy in some of those little things is one of the easiest ways to let happiness slowly fill your cup.In order for that to happen，you need to do two very simple things：put yourself in such

22、situations that you can experience happiness there，and then find a way to savour the experience and let it sink into you.To put yourself in the position of experiencing happiness every day，Lahna Catalino，Ph.D，at the University of California，San Francisco，recommends an approach called “prioritizing p

23、ositivity”organizing your day-to-day life on purpose so that it contains situations which naturally give rise to positive emotions.It involves both carving out time in your daily routine to do things that you really love and heavily weighing the positive emotional consequences of major life decision

24、s，like taking a new job，and you will regularly find yourself.Then how can we find a way to savour the happy experience and let it sink into you? Here is what psychologist Rick Hanson，the author of Buddhas Brain explains.Let a good fact become a good experience.Often we go through life and some good

25、thing happensa little thing，like we checked off an item on our To Do list，we survived another day at work，the flowers are blooming，and so forth.Hey，this is an opportunity to feel good.Dont leave the money lying on the table：recognize that this is an opportunity to let yourself truly feel good.Really

26、 enjoy this positive experience.Practice what any school teacher knows：if you want to help people learn something，make it as intense as possiblein this case，as felt in the body as possiblefor as long as possible.When sinking into this experience，sense your intention that this experience is sinking i

27、nto you.Sometimes people do this through visualization，like by sensing a golden light coming into themselves or a soothing balm inside themselves.You might imagine a jewel going into the treasure chest in your heartor just know that this experience is sinking into you，becoming a resource you can tak

28、e with you no matter where you go.It might seem a little cliche to say“stop and smell the roses”，but its moments like those that can be stored in your happiness bank and withdrawn later.Living a happy life can be as simple as accepting the happiness thats already around you.If you want more，its OK t

29、o go out and achieve it，but dont forget where happiness really comes from.Let 71. Come Naturally with the “Little Things”72. to let happiness come your way*Put yourself in situations 73. you experience happiness.*Find a way to savour the experience and let it sink into you.Giving 74. to positive thi

30、ngs*Organize your everyday life 75. to experience positive emotions.*76. your time to do things you love as well as heavily weighing the positive emotional consequences.Enjoying the experience and letting it sink into you*Let a good fact become a good experience so that you have the 77. to feel good

31、.*Really enjoy the positive experience as long as possible.*When sinking into this experience，be 78. of your intention so that it becomes a resource to take with you wherever you go.79. *Happy moments like “stop and smell the roses” are 80. .*Living a happy life can be as simple as accepting the hap

32、piness already around you.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了如何從小事中獲取快樂：第一是把自己放入能讓自己經(jīng)歷快樂的情景當(dāng)中；第二是給經(jīng)歷加料，讓它和自己合二為一，得到融合。71答案Happiness解析原文詞匯題。根據(jù)文章首句中的“and knowing how to find joy in some of those little things is one of the easiest ways to let happiness slowly fill your cup”可知，文章講述的是用一些小事帶來“快樂”。故填Happiness，因?yàn)槭菢?biāo)題，注意首字母大

33、寫。72答案How/Ways解析概括詞匯題。根據(jù)第一段的“put yourself in such situations that you can experience happiness”和“find a way to savour the experience and let it sink into you”可知，這是帶來快樂的兩種“方式或途徑”。故填How/Ways，注意首字母大寫。73答案where解析轉(zhuǎn)換詞匯題。分析句子成分可知，you experience happiness是定語從句用來修飾situations，指物作地點(diǎn)狀語，故用where來引導(dǎo)。故填where。74答案pr

34、iority解析轉(zhuǎn)換詞匯題。根據(jù)原文的“prioritizing positivity”可知，是“優(yōu)先考慮”積極方面，注意這里要填名詞形式作give的賓語。故填priority。75答案purposely/intentionally/deliberately解析轉(zhuǎn)換詞匯題。根據(jù)第二段的“organizing your day-to-day life on purpose”可知，是“故意地”讓自己每天的生活充滿積極的情緒，修飾動詞organize要用副詞形式，故把on purpose轉(zhuǎn)換成purposely/intentionally/deliberately。76答案Spare/Squeeze

35、解析轉(zhuǎn)換詞匯題。根據(jù)第二段的“It involves both carving out time in your daily routine to do things that you really love and heavily weighing the positive emotional consequences of major life decisions”可知，是指“擠出”時間去做自己想做的事。 故填Spare/Squeeze。77答案chance/opportunity解析原文詞匯題。根據(jù)第五段的“this is an opportunity to feel good”可知，要

36、填表示“機(jī)會”的詞。故填chance/opportunity。78答案aware/conscious解析轉(zhuǎn)換詞匯題。根據(jù)第八段的“When sinking into this experience，sense your intention that this experience is sinking into you.”可知，是指“意識到或感知”自己的意圖，故把動詞sense換成短語be aware/conscious of即可。故填aware/conscious。79答案Conclusions解析概括詞匯題。根據(jù)后面的內(nèi)容陳述可知，這里是做出的“總結(jié)”或得出的“結(jié)論”。故填Conclusi

37、ons。80答案memorable/lasting/unforgettable/impressive解析轉(zhuǎn)換詞匯題。根據(jù)最后一段的“It might seem a little cliche to say stop and smell the roses，but its moments like those that can be stored in your happiness bank and withdrawn later”可知，Happy moments like “stop and smell the roses”是“難忘的、持久的或給人印象深刻的”。故填memorable/lasting/unforgettable/impressive。9