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1、 模塊3 Unit 1 The world of our senses 李仕才 一、閱讀理解。 If you're making determination for a healthier new year, consider a gut makeover(腸道清理)．Changing your microbe community(微生物群)，however, may not be easy，and nobody knows how long it might take.That's because the ecosystem already established in your g

2、ut determines how it absorbs and processes nutrients.So if the microbe community in your gut has been shaped by a daily diet of hamburgers and pizza，for example，it won't respond as quickly to a healthy diet as a gut shaped by vegetables and fruits that has a more varied microbe community. “The nutr

3、itional value of food is influenced in part by the microbe community that encounters that food，” said Dr Jeffrey Gordon，the senior author of the new paper and director of the Center for Genome Science and Systems Biology at the Washington University School of Medicine in St.Louis.“Nutritional compon

4、ents of a healthy diet have to be viewed from the inside out，” he said，“not just the outside in.” One of the questions the study set out to answer was how individuals with different diets respond when they try to improve their eating habits.The scientists harvested gut bacteria from humans，transpla

5、nted them into mice bred under germ-free conditions，and then fed the mice either American-style or plant-based diets.The scientists then analyzed changes in the mice's microbe communities. Of interest，the scientists harvested the gut bacteria from people who followed sharply different diets.One gro

6、up ate a fairly typical American diet，consuming about 3 000 calories a day，high in animal proteins with few fruits and vegetables.Some of their favorite foods were processed cheese and lunch meat.The other group consisted of people who were calorie-restricted.They ate less than 1 800 calories a day

7、and had carefully tracked what they ate for at least two years，sticking to a mostly plant-based diet and consuming far less animal protein than the other group，a third fewer carbohydrates(碳水化合物)and only half the fat.This calorie-restricted group，the researchers found，had a far richer and more divers

8、e microbe community in the gut than those eating a typical American diet.They also carried several kinds of“good” bacteria，known to promote health，that are unique to their plant-based diet. “Perhaps the best way to shape a healthier microbe community is to eat more fiber by consuming more fruit，veg

9、etables，whole grains，and nuts or seeds，” said Meghan Jardine，a dietitian who was not involved in the current study but has published articles on promoting healthy microbe communities.She urges people to aim for 40 to 50 grams of fiber daily，well above levels recommended by most dietary guidelines.

10、1．What can we know from the first two paragraphs? A．Changing microbiome is fairly easy. B．Ecosystem in gut is shaped by carbohydrates. C．Nutritional components are determined by food intake. D．As to healthy diets，microbe community shaped by vegetables and fruit respond more quickly than that sha

11、ped by junk food. 2．What can we learn about Meghan Jardine? A．She suggests eating as little as possible. B．She attaches great importance to fiber. C．She is one of the researchers of the current study. D．She advocates consuming more meat in daily life. 3．What's the author's attitude toward gut

12、makeover? A．Concerned.　　　　　B．Opposed. C．Indifferent. D．Nervous. 4．Which is the best title for the text? A．Microbe community in our gut B．A gut makeover for the new year C．Dietary guidelines for daily diets D．The best way towards a healthier microbe community 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了清理腸道的原因及具體

13、做法。 長(zhǎng)難句分析：They also carried several kinds of“good”bacteria，known to promote health，that are unique to their plant-based diet.(第四段最后一句) 分析：這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。known to promote health是過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾bacteria；that引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞bacteria。 譯文：它們還攜帶好幾種已知能促進(jìn)健康的有益菌，這些有益菌是他們吃的素食中獨(dú)有的。 詞匯積累：determination n．決心　establish v．

14、建立　absorb v．吸收　component n．組成部分　transplant v．移植　consume v．消費(fèi)，消耗 1．D　推理判斷題。So if the microbe community in your gut has been shaped by a daily diet of hamburgers and pizza，for example, it won't respond as quickly to a healthy diet as a gut shaped by vegetables and fruits that has a more varied microb

15、e community.(第一段最后一句) 譯文：所以如果你腸道里的微生物群是由漢堡和披薩組成的日常飲食塑造而成，它產(chǎn)生反應(yīng)的速度就不會(huì)像一個(gè)由蔬菜和水果塑造的腸道那么快，因?yàn)楹笳邠碛懈鄻踊奈⑸锶骸? 解題思路：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句可推知，對(duì)于健康飲食，由蔬菜和水果形成的微生物群比垃圾食品形成的微生物群起效快。故選D。 2．B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。Perhaps the best way to shape a healthier microbe community is to eat more fiber by consuming more fruit, vegetables，whole grains

16、，and nuts or seeds...(最后一段第一句) 譯文：或許形成更健康的微生物群的最佳方式是通過(guò)吃更多的水果、蔬菜、全麥?zhǔn)称芬约皥?jiān)果或植物種子來(lái)攝入更多纖維…… 解題思路：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句可知，Meghan Jardine認(rèn)為纖維很重要。故選B。 3．A　觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)作者在第二段引用的華盛頓大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院Jeffrey Gordon博士的話以及最后一段引用的營(yíng)養(yǎng)師Meghan Jardine的話可推斷出，作者很關(guān)注腸道清理。A項(xiàng)意為“關(guān)心的”；B項(xiàng)意為“反對(duì)的”；C項(xiàng)意為“漠不關(guān)心的”；D項(xiàng)意為“緊張的”。故選A。 4．B　標(biāo)題概括題。第一段就點(diǎn)明了文章的主題，即“進(jìn)行腸道清理可

17、以讓人更健康”。接下來(lái)的四段內(nèi)容都是圍繞腸道清理這個(gè)主題，包括清理腸道的原因、所做的實(shí)驗(yàn)以及如何清理腸道。B項(xiàng)能概括文章的主題，適合做標(biāo)題。故選B。 二、單項(xiàng)填空 1.The moment he came into his room, he _______ something wrong, though he couldn’t tell. A. noticed B. sensed C. felt D. smelt 【答案】B 2.Before the camps, the kids might have thought Americans are diffic

18、ult to _______, but through the experience during the camps, they know Americans are very friendly. A. recognize B. acknowledge C. approach D. confirm 【答案】C 【解析】句意：在參加夏令營(yíng)之前，孩子們可能覺(jué)得美國(guó)人很難接近，但通過(guò)在夏令營(yíng)里的經(jīng)歷，他們知道美國(guó)人是很友好的。recognize 認(rèn)出，辨認(rèn)出；acknowledge承認(rèn)，認(rèn)可；approach 接近，靠近；confirm確定，證實(shí)。 3.Th

19、e President _______ the woman’s service to her country by awarding her a medal. A. accepted B. recognized C. declared D. realized 【答案】B 【解析】accept接受；recognize認(rèn)可，認(rèn)出；declare 宣布，聲稱；realize實(shí)現(xiàn)，意識(shí)到。recognize sth “認(rèn)可……, 承認(rèn)……”。句意：總統(tǒng)肯定了這位婦女對(duì)國(guó)家所做出的工作，授予了她一枚勛章。 4.―The river runs clear. ―We

20、 all appreciate the importance the local government has _______ the environmental protection. A. attached to B. left for C. responded to D. learnt from 【答案】A 【解析】句意：“這條小溪很清澈?！薄拔覀兌己芨屑ぎ?dāng)?shù)卣畬?duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)給予重視。”attach importance to doing/something重視，著重于……，對(duì)……給予重視；left for動(dòng)身前往某地；responde

21、d to響應(yīng)；leant from向……學(xué)習(xí)。 5.An appropriately dressed speaker is more _______ to leave a pleasant impression on the audience. A. capable B. probable C. possible D. likely 【答案】D 6.The doctor _______ at the patient quickly and rang for an ambulance immediately. A. glanced B. glared

22、 C. gazed D. stared 【答案】A 【解析】句意：快速看了一眼病人之后，這位醫(yī)生立即打電話叫了一輛救護(hù)車。glance at匆匆地看一眼；glare at怒目而視；gaze at(因驚訝、喜悅或有興趣而)注視，凝視；stare at(因吃驚、恐懼等而)盯著看。 7.See, your computer has broken down again! It doesn’t _______ sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars. A. have B. ma

23、ke C. display D. bring 【答案】B 【解析】句意：看看，你的電腦又壞了！只為省幾美元買最便宜牌子的電腦是沒(méi)有意義的。make sense有意義。 8.After a 5-minute discussion, we came up with a better _______ to the math problem. A. access B. way C. approach D. aspect 【答案】C 8.We hadn’t seen each other for years and he h

24、ad changed a great deal, so I didn’t _______ him at first. A. realize B. repeat C. know D. recognize 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我們已經(jīng)好幾年沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)面了，而且他改變了許多，因此剛開(kāi)始的時(shí)候我都認(rèn)不出他來(lái)了。recognize認(rèn)出，識(shí)別，符合句意。 10.The 22nd APEC summit has come to an end, but the Chinese elements _______ the meetings have drawn widespread

25、attention from the public. A. absorbed in B. concerned about C. modeled after D. attached to 【答案】D 【解析】absorbed in專心致志于；concerned about對(duì)……關(guān)心；modeled after效仿；attached to (使)依附于，使相關(guān)。句意：第22屆亞太經(jīng)合組織會(huì)議落下了帷幕，但是與這次會(huì)議有關(guān)的中國(guó)元素受到公眾的普遍關(guān)注。 11.Look, dark clouds are gathering. It is _______ to rain

26、soon. A. probably B. possibly C. likely D. perhaps 【答案】C 【解析】句意：看，天上烏云密布，可能很快就要下雨了。probably很可能；possibly大概，也許；likely可能的；perhaps也許，大概。likely是形容詞，It/sb. is likely to do sth.很有可能做某事。 12.He must have sensed that I was looking at him. He suddenly _______ me and said quietly, "Why are yo

27、u _______ me like that?" A. gazed at, glaring at B. stared at, gazing at C. glanced at, staring at D. looked at, glancing at 【答案】C 【解析】glance at瞥一眼，匆匆看一下；stare at睜大眼睛凝視、盯著或瞪著看。句意：他一定是注意到我在看著他。他突然朝我看了一眼，然后輕聲問(wèn)道：“你為什么要那樣盯著我看？” 13. Jack is _______ go to school, so his mother has to sta

28、y at home to look after him. A. young enough to B. old enough to C. too young to D. very old to 【答案】C 【解析】too…to…“太……而不能”的結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)so his mother has to stay at home to look after him可知他太小而不能去上學(xué)(所以他的母親不得不呆在家里來(lái)照看他)，所以選C。注意：“Jack is old enough to go to school”的意思是：杰克已經(jīng)到了上學(xué)的年齡。 14.—Do you r

29、egret paying 20,000 dollars for the second-hand car? —Not a bit. I think it deserves _______. A. as more than twice many B. more than twice as much C. more than as twice much D. more than twice as many 【答案】B 15.Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Hua Chunying answer

30、ed the question _______ China has confidence in the success of its new round of reforms. A. what B. whether C. that D. when 【答案】B 【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，作question的同位語(yǔ)，從句在結(jié)構(gòu)上很完整，排除代詞what。句意：外交部女發(fā)言人華春瑩回答了中國(guó)對(duì)新一輪改革的成功是否有信心這一問(wèn)題。 三、完形填空 From childhood，Moira loved to write. Throughout schoo

31、l she 1 writing, but pursuing(追求) it 2 was never a possibility. Her father was a doctor, her mother a nurse.“Medicine was a fairly 3 option，” Moira says. “And writing was a career where it wasn’t a 4 that you’d have high income.” She became a doctor but still wanted to do some writing. How

32、ever, being a doctor was so 5 that she didn’t take up writing until her thirties. She 6 a novel—a fictionalized version of her travels in China after university. She got excellent 7 . Moira sent it off to as many agents as she could find, and found one who wanted to 8 her. Suddenly, it seem

33、ed she was on her 9 as an author. “I had one lengthy phone call with the agent where we 10 all possible areas she thought needed 11 ．I worked on those and sent it back to her but didn’t hear anything.” It was not long 12 Moira found another agent who was 13 if she was willing to rewrite it

34、 from the first person to the third person. She did the hard work and sent it off again. “I got back a really brief letter：‘Thank you, I’m no longer interested.’ It was really 14 ．” A decade went by, and Moira found herself eager to write again, this time 15 for her own enjoyment. She 16 hers

35、elf the challenge of creating a thriller and chose Western Australia as her setting. As she was writing just for herself, something surprising began to happen. “The characters 17 a life of their own; they started doing things I hadn’t thought about. It just 18 out.” One day, an agent called fro

36、m Australia. Three weeks later, Moira had a publication deal. Her novel, Cicada, was published in March. “ 19 it hadn’t been published I still gained so much from the 20 ，” says Moira. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文通過(guò)Moira愛(ài)好寫(xiě)作并堅(jiān)持寫(xiě)作的故事告訴我們：每個(gè)人都要為實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的夢(mèng)想而去努力嘗試，只有經(jīng)歷過(guò)才能夠有所得，在追求的過(guò)程中不要過(guò)于擔(dān)心結(jié)果，只有這樣才能成功。 1．A.learnt B．a(chǎn)voide

37、d C．considered D．enjoyed D　解析：根據(jù)首句“From childhood，Moira loved to write.”可知，從童年開(kāi)始，Moira就愛(ài)好寫(xiě)作；由此推斷，在上學(xué)期間，她仍然喜歡(enjoyed)寫(xiě)作。 2．A.actively B．professionally C．energetically D．permanently B　解析：根據(jù)生活常識(shí)及該句中的關(guān)鍵詞“never a possibility”可知，把寫(xiě)作當(dāng)作職業(yè)來(lái)追求幾乎是不可能的。actively“積極地”；professionally“作為職業(yè)地”；energetically“精力充

38、沛地”；permanently“永久地”。 3．A.influential B．explicit C．terrible D．safe D　解析：根據(jù)空處前一句“Her father was a doctor，her mother a nurse.”可知，她的父母會(huì)給予她醫(yī)學(xué)方面很多的幫助，所以Moira認(rèn)為醫(yī)學(xué)是一個(gè)十分安全的(safe)選擇。 4．A.dream B．purpose C．choice D．certainty D　解析：根據(jù)空后的“you’d have high income”可知，Moira也認(rèn)為寫(xiě)作是一個(gè)不一定能帶來(lái)高收入的職業(yè)。certainty“確定的事”

39、，符合語(yǔ)境，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。 5．A.promising B．discouraging C．demanding D．interesting C　解析：根據(jù)空后的“she didn’t take up writing until her thirties”可知，醫(yī)生是一個(gè)要求很高的職業(yè)，因此她直到三十多歲才開(kāi)始寫(xiě)作。promising“有希望的，有前途的”；discouraging“使人泄氣的”；demanding“苛刻的，要求高的”；interesting“有趣的”。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。 6．A.produced B．introduced C．bought D．received A　解

40、析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，她以大學(xué)畢業(yè)后在中國(guó)的旅游經(jīng)歷為背景創(chuàng)作了一本小說(shuō)。produce“創(chuàng)作，生產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)生”；introduce“介紹”；buy“買”；receive“收到”。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。 7．A.rewards B．readers C．reviews D．praises C　解析：根據(jù)該段最后一句“Suddenly，it seemed she was on her as an author.”可以判斷，這部小說(shuō)寫(xiě)出來(lái)后，她得到了極好的評(píng)論。reward“報(bào)酬”；reader“讀者”；review“評(píng)論”；praise“贊揚(yáng)”。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。 8．A.employ B．re

41、present C．trust D．guide B　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，在眾多的代理人中有一個(gè)人愿意代理出版這本小說(shuō)。employ“雇用，使用”；represent“代表，代理”；trust“信任”；guide“指導(dǎo)”。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。 9．A.own B．feet C．way D．business C　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，她似乎突然就要成為作家了。on one’s way“即將到達(dá)或發(fā)生”，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。 10．A.took off B．went through C．pulled down D．came over B　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，Moira在電話中與代理人就小說(shuō)中

42、所有代理人認(rèn)為需要潤(rùn)色(polishing)的地方進(jìn)行了仔細(xì)琢磨(went through)。take off“脫下，起飛”；go through“仔細(xì)察看，仔細(xì)琢磨”；pull down“拆毀，推翻”；come over“過(guò)來(lái)，來(lái)訪”。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。 11．A.deleting B．a(chǎn)dapting C．polishing D．covering C　解析：參見(jiàn)上題解析。delete“刪除”；adapt“適應(yīng)，改編”；polish“修改，潤(rùn)色”；cover“覆蓋，報(bào)道”。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。 12．A.before B．a(chǎn)fter C．since D．when A　解析：根據(jù)上文中

43、的“sent it back to her but didn’t hear anything”可知，Moira重新把小說(shuō)發(fā)給代理人但是沒(méi)有收到任何回復(fù)，不久之后Moira找到了另外一個(gè)代理人。句型It wasn’t long before...意思是“不久之后……”。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。 13．A.fascinated B．interested C．a(chǎn)nxious D．a(chǎn)mused B　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“I’m no longer interested”可知，此處指這位代理人對(duì)她的書(shū)感興趣。fascinated“入迷的”；interested“感興趣的”；anxious“焦急的，憂慮的”；

44、amused“逗笑的”。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。 14．A.common B．a(chǎn)bsurd C．terrifying D．disappointing D　解析：從兩位代理人的態(tài)度可知，Moira這兩次都以失敗告終，所以這件事情肯定令她感到失望。common“共同的”；absurd“荒謬的”；terrifying“令人恐懼的”；disappointing“令人失望的”。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。 15．A.purely B．wonderfully C．instantly D．sadly A　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“found herself eager to write again...own enjo

45、yment”可知，她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己渴望再次寫(xiě)作，而這次寫(xiě)作僅僅(purely)是為了個(gè)人樂(lè)趣。purely“僅僅，純粹地”；wonderfully“非常好，非?！保籭nstantly“立即”；sadly“悲傷地”。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。 16.A.set B．found C．made D．permitted A　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，Moira向自己提出(set)了一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，寫(xiě)一部驚險(xiǎn)小說(shuō)。find“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；make“整理；進(jìn)行”；permit“允許，許可”。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。 17．A.put up B．took on C．went over D．got down B　解析：根據(jù)該句“The

46、characters a life of their own；they started doing things I hadn’t thought about.”可知，小說(shuō)中的人物開(kāi)始具有(took on)他們自己的生活。put up“建造；張貼”；take on“開(kāi)始具有(某種特征、面貌等)”；go over“仔細(xì)檢查”；get down“下來(lái)；取下”。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。 18．A.flew B．brought C．broke D．carried A　解析：根據(jù)下文可知，Moira的書(shū)得到了一位澳大利亞代理人的關(guān)注并順利出版；據(jù)此可以推斷，這部小說(shuō)成功了。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。 1

47、9．A.Ever since B．As if C．If only D．Even if D　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推斷出，即使(Even if)這部小說(shuō)沒(méi)有出版，Moira仍然在這個(gè)過(guò)程(process)中得到許多。ever since“自從”；as if“好像，似乎”；if only“要是……就好了”；even if“即使，盡管”。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。 20．A.adventure B．practice C．process D．result C　解析：參見(jiàn)上題解析。adventure“冒險(xiǎn)”；practice“實(shí)踐”；process“過(guò)程”；result“結(jié)果”。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。 四、短文改

48、錯(cuò)。 Jinan is facing seriously traffic problems. Too much cars travel on the roads. This heavy traffic causes delays and the plenty of air pollution. Besides Jinan, many cities in China have traffic problems and Beijing is the worse one. One of the reason why there is so much traffic is because only

49、a small number of people use public transportation. In my opinion, one way to solve the traffic problems was to encourage people to make use public transportation systems. For example, people can take buses instead of drive cars. Meanwhile, the government should take measures to make them more reli

50、able and convenient to travel by bus. 答案： Jinan is facing traffic problems. Too cars travel on the roads. This heavy traffic causes delays and plenty of air pollution. Besides Jinan, many cities in China have traffic problems and Beijing is the one. One of the why there is so much traffic is

51、 only a small number of people use public transportation. In my opinion, one way to solve the traffic problems to encourage people to make use public transportation systems. For example, people can take buses instead of cars. Meanwhile, the government should take measures to make more reliable and convenient to travel by bus. 11