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1、Summary Writing常見的同義替換：1. 動詞(詞組)：absorb-assimilate 吸收agree partly-agree with reserve 有保留地贊同arouse-ignite/stimulate/spur/motivate 引起；鼓勵change-alter 改變consider-take into account 考慮devote to-dedicate to 把奉獻于；專注于emphasize-accentuate 強調(diào)expect-anticipate 期望；預(yù)期explain-interpret/illustrate 解釋；說明get into cha

2、os-with chaos ensuing 陷入混亂join-participate 參加；參與lead to-contribute to/ conduce to/result in 導(dǎo)致；產(chǎn)生 結(jié)果limit-stress/hinder/hamper 限制阻止；阻礙operate-manipulate 操作；操縱provide-lend-offer 提供；給予publicize-propagandize 宣傳；公布sway-vacillate 影響；搖擺，使搖擺think-contemplate/muse/meditate/retrospect 思考；考慮；想起thrive-palmy(a.

3、)/flourishing(v./a.)/prosperity(n.)undermine-debilitate 破壞；使衰弱，衰竭use-employ/utilize 使用；利用want-intend to/tend to/be inclined to 希望；傾向于want to-desire 想要2. 形容詞/副詞：first-primarily 首先(ad.)hardly-merely-barely 幾乎不(ad.)hurt-vulnerable 受傷 ；易受攻擊 inevitable-indispensable 必然 ；不可缺少 in fact-actually/virtually 事實

4、上；實際上(ad.)key-crucial/vital/consequential 關(guān)鍵 ；重要 large-miraculous/marvelous 大 ；不可思議 (表程度)maybe-probably 也許；大概(ad.)more and more-increasing/growing 越來越多 obvious-conspicuous 明顯 ；顯著 old-ancient 老 ；古老 proper-apposite 適當(dāng) ；合適 persuasive-thorough/sound/specific/convincing 有說服力 true-accurate 正確 ；準(zhǔn)確 vague-un

5、warranted/oversimplified 模糊 well-known-outstanding 著名 more often than not = oftenHe more often than not comes here. 3. 名詞(詞組)：bias-prejudice/discriminate 偏見；歧視big city-metropolis 大都市chance-alternative 機會；選擇character-trait/individuality/personality 品質(zhì)；特性；個性child-juvenile 孩子；青少年clash-conflict/collisio

6、n沖突custom-convention/tradition 傳統(tǒng)；習(xí)俗delegate-representative 代表detail-specific 細節(jié)lawmaking-legislation 立法offspring-descendant 后代；子孫value-merit 價值附：1. purchasing power of incomesMaximize their incomes = increase the purchasing power of incomes 2. property = real estate 3. precision = accuracy4. Thinki

7、ng ability = critical thinking =creative= innovation5. reasoning = logical thought =thought6. popular culture= common culture7. cultural power= assimilating power10. judge = Justice （必考含義）“法官”11. apprehension （必考含義） = worryapprehensiveability 理解能力12. mind = people= individual 13. faith=confidence 信心

8、14. drug= medicine15. dismiss 斥責(zé)= rebuke=criticize16. tap 開發(fā) tap the market = explore the market = expand the market18. entail =make= cause19. nature；nurture/ born； made /inherited；acquired/（先天和后天）innate cognitive/intuitive made/born20. attribute= character=trait=merit=feature=virtue 特點；特質(zhì) 21. compl

9、ementary=auxiliary 22. suits = enable = entail（This job entails a lot of hard work.）24. mechanical = unchanged mechanical learning Dynamic=changeable=variable；varyModify=change25. distinction= fame 26. implication； connotation； suggestion； reference； carry important implications for（短語動詞）27. accumul

10、ation = expansion = augmentation28.literally = actually=absolutely 29. initiatives=measures Initiatives =intentionInitiative =activeInitiative=primitive=beginning30.endeavors=efforts31.Doubt= deny= dont believe33. 經(jīng)濟下滑，衰退slowing economy/softening economy/stagnant economy/economic recession/economic

11、decline/economic stagnation （stagnant）/depression/slowdown34.symptoms =negative example35.frames = body36.grasp = understanding37.reshape= remold38.entitle :we are entitled to some privileges./Some privileges are given to us ./Some privileges are conferred on us.4. 其他：although-albeit/notwithstanding

12、 盡管(conj.)because-in that-since-seeing 因為(conj.)but-nonetheless/nevertheless 然而；但是(conj.)through-in term of/via 通過(prep.)to sum-to summarize/in conclusion 總之；最后 表示“地位” ：status, rank 表示“偏見” ：bias, prejudice, discrimination, inequality 表示“組成” 同義表達：constitute, be made from/of, include, consist of 表示“導(dǎo)致

13、” ：result in, cause, lead to 表示“發(fā)行”：issue, release, distribute, launch 表示“授予” ：grant, award 表示“結(jié)果” ：result, consequent, outcome, turn out to 表示“交易” ：deal, trade, exchange, transaction 表示“能力” ：ability, capability, potential, power 表示“結(jié)束” ：fulfill, finish, accomplish, carryout, achieve, complete 表示“語言

14、” ：verbally, language, words, lingual 表示“精確” ：accuracy, precision 表示“以前” ：previous, former, latter, prior to 表示“加強，促進” ：promote, facilitate, enhance, reinforce 表示“前景，未來”：prospect, future, expectation, outlook 表示“顧客” ：customer, client, consumer, guest 表示“暫停、延期” ：suspend, phase back, put off, stop, po

15、stpone, delayed 表示“信息” ：information, message, data, figure, statistics 表示“公司” ：enterprise, firm, company, corporation 表示“故意” ：deliberately, intentionally, purposely, on/in purpose 表示“冷漠” ：indifferent, neutral, carefree, detached(超然 ) 表示“抱怨” ：complain, moan, groan 表示“吸引” ：appeal, attract, fascinate,

16、tempt, absorb 表示“趕上” ：catch up with, keep up with 表示“對手” ：rival, equal, comparative, competitor, opponent, adversary, enemy 表示“謹(jǐn)慎” ：prudent, cautious表示“有利” ：be beneficial to, be useful toSkills:同義替換法/詞性轉(zhuǎn)換法/語態(tài)改變法/句式轉(zhuǎn)換法/壓縮長句法分析：Recently, a wild fish restaurant was ordered to shut down in Harbin, north

17、east Chinas Heilongjiang Province. As a result, the owner of the restaurant faced a fine of 500,000 yuan. Chen Yan, a tourist from Changzhou, east Chinas Jiangsu Province, complained online on February 12 that he was being overcharged 10,000 yuan for three big fish at a local wild fish restaurant in

18、 Songbei District of Harbin. Worse still, he claimed that his family members were beaten and threatened by the restaurant staff when he questioned the bill at the checkout. Chens complaint immediately spread on Chinas social media. The investigation results by some local government departments showe

19、d that the restaurant had no fault, since they had already tagged the price, which raised doubt among netizens again. Further investigation showed that one type of the fish served, Huso, was not the real wild species, but a kind of farmed fish at a much lower price. Since the prices of the fish did

20、have violated the rights of consumers, the restaurant got its due punishment. Meanwhile, relevant government departments that have stood by the side of the restaurant in the first place would also be investigated and punished. Similar cases of fraudulent pricing at scenic spots have also been report

21、ed elsewhere in China. In October 2015, for instance, a tourist was overcharged for a course of shrimp in the coastal city of Qingdao, east Chinas Shandong Province, when the restaurant claimed the quoted price of 38 yuan was not for the dish, but for each shrimp! Authorities say that these illegal

22、actions will be severely punished. Your Answer: _1.Recently, a wild fish restaurant was ordered to shut down in Harbin and faced a heavy fine. _.2. Chen Yan complained he was being overcharged and were beaten and threatened by the restaurant staff. Chens complaint immediately spread on Chinas social

23、 media. _.3.The restaurant got its due punishment and relevant government departments would also be investigated and punished. _4.Similar cases have also been reported elsewhere and authorities say that these illegal actions will be severely punished. _Summary Writing常見的同義替換：1. 動詞(詞組)：absorb-assimil

24、ate 吸收agree partly-agree with reserve 有保留地贊同arouse-ignite/stimulate/spur/motivate 引起；鼓勵change-alter 改變consider-take into account 考慮devote to-dedicate to 把奉獻于；專注于emphasize-accentuate 強調(diào)expect-anticipate 期望；預(yù)期explain-interpret/illustrate 解釋；說明get into chaos-with chaos ensuing 陷入混亂join-participate 參加；參

25、與lead to-contribute to/ conduce to/result in 導(dǎo)致；產(chǎn)生 結(jié)果limit-stress/hinder/hamper 限制阻止；阻礙operate-manipulate 操作；操縱provide-lend-offer 提供；給予publicize-propagandize 宣傳；公布sway-vacillate 影響；搖擺，使搖擺think-contemplate/muse/meditate/retrospect 思考；考慮；想起thrive-palmy(a.)/flourishing(v./a.)/prosperity(n.)undermine-sa

26、p/enervate/debilitate 破壞；使衰弱，衰竭use-employ/utilize 使用；利用want-intend to/tend to/be inclined to 希望；傾向于want to-desire 想要2. 形容詞/副詞：first-primarily 首先(ad.)hardly-merely-barely 幾乎不(ad.)hurt-vulnerable 受傷 ；易受攻擊 inevitable-indispensable 必然 ；不可缺少 in fact-actually/virtually 事實上；實際上(ad.)key-crucial/vital/conseq

27、uential 關(guān)鍵 ；重要 large-miraculous/marvelous 大 ；不可思議 (表程度)maybe-probably 也許；大概(ad.)more and more-increasing/growing 越來越多 obvious-conspicuous 明顯 ；顯著 old-ancient 老 ；古老 proper-apposite 適當(dāng) ；合適 persuasive-thorough/sound/specific/convincing 有說服力 true-accurate 正確 ；準(zhǔn)確 vague-unwarranted/oversimplified 模糊 well-k

28、nown-outstanding 著名 more often than not = oftenHe more often than not comes here. 3. 名詞(詞組)：bias-prejudice/discriminate 偏見；歧視big city-metropolis 大都市chance-alternative 機會；選擇character-trait/individuality/personality 品質(zhì)；特性；個性child-juvenile 孩子；青少年clash-conflict/collision沖突custom-convention/tradition 傳統(tǒng)；

29、習(xí)俗delegate-representative 代表detail-specific 細節(jié)lawmaking-legislation 立法offspring-descendant 后代；子孫value-merit 價值附：1. purchasing power of incomesMaximize their incomes = increase the purchasing power of incomes 4. property = real estate 5. precision = accuracy4. Thinking ability = critical thinking =cr

30、eative= innovation5. reasoning = logical thought =thought6. popular culture= common culture7. cultural power= assimilating power10. judge = Justice （必考含義）“法官”11. apprehension （必考含義） = worryapprehensiveability 理解能力12. mind = people= individual 13. faith=confidence 信心14. drug= medicine15. dismiss 斥責(zé)=

31、rebuke=criticize16. tap 開發(fā) tap the market = explore the market = expand the market18. entail =make= cause19. nature；nurture/ born； made /inherited；acquired/（先天和后天）innate cognitive/intuitive made/born20. attribute= character=trait=merit=feature=virtue 特點；特質(zhì) 21. complementary=auxiliary 22. suits = ena

32、ble = entail（This job entails a lot of hard work.）24. mechanical = unchanged mechanical learning Dynamic=changeable=variable；varyModify=change26. distinction= fame 26. implication； connotation； suggestion； reference； carry important implications for（短語動詞）27. accumulation = expansion = augmentation28

33、.literally = actually=absolutely 29. initiatives=measures Initiatives =intentionInitiative =activeInitiative=primitive=beginning30.endeavors=efforts31.Doubt= deny= dont believe33. 經(jīng)濟下滑，衰退slowing economy/softening economy/stagnant economy/economic recession/economic decline/economic stagnation （stagn

34、ant）/depression/slowdown34.symptoms =negative example35.frames = body36.grasp = understanding37.reshape= remold38.entitle :we are entitled to some privileges./Some privileges are given to us ./Some privileges are conferred on us.4. 其他：although-albeit/notwithstanding 盡管(conj.)because-in that-since-se

35、eing 因為(conj.)but-nonetheless/nevertheless 然而；但是(conj.)through-in term of/via 通過(prep.)to sum-to summarize/in conclusion 總之；最后 表示“地位” ：status, rank 表示“偏見” ：bias, prejudice, discrimination, inequality 表示“組成” 同義表達：constitute, be made from/of, include, consist of 表示“導(dǎo)致” ：result in, cause, lead to 表示“發(fā)行

36、”：issue, release, distribute, launch 表示“授予” ：grant, award 表示“結(jié)果” ：result, consequent, outcome, turn out to 表示“交易” ：deal, trade, exchange, transaction 表示“能力” ：ability, capability, potential, power 表示“結(jié)束” ：fulfill, finish, accomplish, carryout, achieve, complete 表示“語言” ：verbally, language, words, ling

37、ual 表示“精確” ：accuracy, precision 表示“以前” ：previous, former, latter, prior to 表示“加強，促進” ：promote, facilitate, enhance, reinforce 表示“前景，未來”：prospect, future, expectation, outlook 表示“顧客” ：customer, client, consumer, guest 表示“暫停、延期” ：suspend, phase back, put off, stop, postpone, delayed 表示“信息” ：informatio

38、n, message, data, figure, statistics 表示“公司” ：enterprise, firm, company, corporation 表示“故意” ：deliberately, intentionally, purposely, on/in purpose 表示“冷漠” ：indifferent, neutral, carefree, detached(超然 ) 表示“抱怨” ：complain, moan, groan 表示“吸引” ：appeal, attract, fascinate, tempt, absorb 表示“趕上” ：catch up wit

39、h, keep up with 表示“對手” ：rival, equal, comparative, competitor, opponent, adversary, enemy 表示“謹(jǐn)慎” ：prudent, cautious表示“有利” ：be beneficial to, be useful toSkills:同義替換法/詞性轉(zhuǎn)換法/語態(tài)改變法/句式轉(zhuǎn)換法/壓縮長句法分析：Recently, a wild fish restaurant was ordered to shut down in Harbin, northeast Chinas Heilongjiang Province.

40、 As a result, the owner of the restaurant faced a fine of 500,000 yuan. Chen Yan, a tourist from Changzhou, east Chinas Jiangsu Province, complained online on February 12 that he was being overcharged 10,000 yuan for three big fish at a local wild fish restaurant in Songbei District of Harbin. Worse

41、 still, he claimed that his family members were beaten and threatened by the restaurant staff when he questioned the bill at the checkout. Chens complaint immediately spread on Chinas social media. The investigation results by some local government departments showed that the restaurant had no fault

42、, since they had already tagged the price, which raised doubt among netizens again. Further investigation showed that one type of the fish served, Huso, was not the real wild species, but a kind of farmed fish at a much lower price. Since the prices of the fish did have violated the rights of consum

43、ers, the restaurant got its due punishment. Meanwhile, relevant government departments that have stood by the side of the restaurant in the first place would also be investigated and punished. Similar cases of fraudulent pricing at scenic spots have also been reported elsewhere in China. In October

44、2015, for instance, a tourist was overcharged for a course of shrimp in the coastal city of Qingdao, east Chinas Shandong Province, when the restaurant claimed the quoted price of 38 yuan was not for the dish, but for each shrimp! Authorities say that these illegal actions will be severely punished.

45、 練習(xí)：1.Recently, a wild fish restaurant was ordered to shut down in Harbin and faced a heavy fine. lately/not long ago, require/command close down3. Chen Yan complained he was being overcharged and were beaten and threatened by the restaurant staff. Chens complaint immediately spread on Chinas social

46、 media. violent treatment expose to the public; Chens complaint that spreadPossible answer: A customer named Chen Yan exposed his being overcharged and the violent treatment of the restaurant to the public. 3.The restaurant got its due punishment and relevant government departments would also be inv

47、estigated and punished. receive as well as/ together with/along withThe restaurant as well as some relevant government departments received their due punishment.4.Similar cases have also been reported elsewhere and authorities say that these illegal actions will be severely punished. happened/ took

48、place government will be seriously punished/will receive serious/ severe punishmentSimilar cases also happened elsewhere and the government are determined to fight them. one possible version:Lately, a wild fish restaurant in Harbin faced being shut down and a heavy fine, after a customer named Chen

49、Yan exposed his being overcharged and the violent treatment of the restaurant to the public. Ultimately, after investigation, the restaurant as well as some relevant government departments received their due punishment. In fact, similar cases also happened elsewhere and the government are determined to fight them.