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1、第4節(jié) 三處重點(diǎn)知識重點(diǎn)一基礎(chǔ)詞類的用法名詞自查自糾要點(diǎn)歸納1.(2017全國卷)This trend has had some unintended side effects(effect)such as overweight and heart disease.2(2018廈門外國語學(xué)校模擬)If we dont take some measures(measure)right now，some day in the future，Chinese cultural heritage may be strange to our grandchildren. 名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)一般在名詞詞尾直接加

2、-s：friendfriends；nationnations；changechanges；membermembers；paintingpaintings。3.(2016四川高考)Any smell might attract natural enemies(enemy)that would try to eat the little panda. 詞尾是“輔音字母y”時，變y為i再加-es：citycities；countrycountries；enemyenemies；difficultydifficulties。注意：詞尾是“元音字母y”時，直接加-s：toytoys。4.(2018衡陽八

3、中模擬)Then I piled branches(branch)on myself，like a blanket，to stay as warm as I could.詞尾是s，x，ch，sh時一般加-es：busbuses；foxfoxes；coachcoaches；bushbushes。注意：ch發(fā)/k/音時，加-s：stomachstomachs。5.(2018赤峰市模擬)Two of my heroes(hero)have completed a big project.詞尾是輔音字母o的單詞，加-es：heroheroes；tomatotomatoes；potatopotatoes

4、。元音字母o結(jié)尾的單詞，加-s：zoos，studios。6.(2018福州市質(zhì)檢)But China and Western countries do not have the same cultural beliefs(belief)about dogs.7The green leaves(leaf)with red blooms are very pleasant to look at.詞尾是f或fe時，多數(shù)將f或fe變?yōu)関es：shelfshelves；knifeknives；wolfwolves；少數(shù)直接加-s：roofroofs；beliefbeliefs。8.(2018銀川一中模

5、擬)He raised six children(child)by himself after his wife died.名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化：childchildren；footfeet；mousemice；phenomenonphenomena；mediummedia。冠詞自查自糾要點(diǎn)歸納1.(2018河北省五個一聯(lián)盟模擬)As you know，science plays a very important role in our education.2(2018哈爾濱市第六中學(xué)模擬)He passed a CD store and looked through the front do

6、or for a second. 不定冠詞a/an放在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，泛指一個人或一個事物；定冠詞the特指某人或某物。3.(2018包頭市一模)It has an area of 9,653 square kilometers，and an average rainfall of 1,2001,600 mm.4(2018山東實(shí)驗中學(xué)模擬)There might be a day when the dining table art can also become a universal language in the world.不定冠詞在元音音素前(不是元音字母)用an，在輔音音素前(不是輔

7、音字母)用a。5.(2018淮南市模擬)Being the worlds most popular online battle game，it already has over 200 million players in China.6(2018山西省五地市聯(lián)考)In the 1980s，F(xiàn)ountain travelled through time once again to glance at how tea drinking had changed in China.最高級、序數(shù)詞、獨(dú)一無二的詞前面用定冠詞the。the還用在表示年代的逢十的數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式前。7.(2016全國卷)The

8、 nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed，the other is with mumshe never suspects.8(2016全國卷)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for a while，exercising，or doing something you enjoy.不定冠詞和定冠詞常用在一些固定搭配中。近三年全國卷考到的有as a result，for a whi

9、le，one .，the other .等。代詞自查自糾要點(diǎn)歸納1.(2018唐山市五校聯(lián)考)Most parents surveyed said they believed their teens were addicted to mobile devices.2(2018丹東市模擬)Many students keep up with the show.They refer to it as “the interesting Chinese lessons on TV”.人稱代詞第三人稱的主格與賓格常指代前文或后文出現(xiàn)的人或物。3.(2018齊齊哈爾市模擬)In a Weibo post

10、，he thanked netizens for their(they)love and praise. 形容詞性物主代詞在句中作定語，常表示物體的所屬；而名詞性物主代詞在句中可以作主語、賓語和表語，但不可以作定語。4.(2018德州市模擬)He who conquers others is strong；he who conquers himself(he)is mighty.反身代詞表示動作的承受者就是動作的執(zhí)行者。5.The research group produced two reports based on the survey，but neither contained any

11、useful suggestions.不定代詞both，either，neither表示兩者；all，any，none表示三者或三者以上。6.Some people take great pleasure in helping and giving to someone else while others feel happy doing the opposite.the other意為“(兩者中的)另一個”；another表示“(三者以上中的)另一個，再一個”；others泛指其余的人或物。7.(2018泰安市質(zhì)檢)To be honest，it was hard to imagine it

12、 was ever a desert at all.it可作形式主語、形式賓語或構(gòu)成某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)。介詞自查自糾要點(diǎn)歸納1.(2016四川高考)The mother continued to care for the young panda for more than two years.2(2018遵義四中模擬)The Mona Lisa is a picture of a woman with a meaningful smile.3(2018洛陽市統(tǒng)一考試)I was so excited to visit it with my family last summer vacation.4(

13、2018沈陽市模擬)Chinese media reported on Wednesday evening that McDonalds Chinese business changed its name on Oct.12.5(2018吉林市普通中學(xué)調(diào)研測試)For Britain，the train is part of an effort to strengthen trade links with the rest of the world as it prepares to leave the European Union in two years time.1.掌握介詞的基本用法，

14、近三年全國卷考查到的有：as 作為，in在方面，by乘坐(交通工具)。2注意一詞多義的介詞，例如with可意為：和一起；具有，帶有；隨著；用；憑借；由于，因為等。3注意易混介詞的對比，例如表示時間的in，on，at；表示時間的in，after；表示交通方式的by，on/in等。6.(2016全國卷)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s.7(2018廈門市質(zhì)檢)A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.8

15、(2018吉林省實(shí)驗中學(xué)模擬)Others say that access to these very special parts of the world should not be restricted to only researchers and scientists.9(2018哈爾濱市第六中學(xué)校模擬)He never went outside but he was tired of staying at home and wanted to go out for once.1.牢記介詞與動詞的搭配；2牢記介詞與名詞的搭配；3牢記介詞與形容詞的搭配。注：近三年全國卷考查到的介詞的搭配

16、有：to and from，go back to，be focused on等。形容詞、副詞自查自糾要點(diǎn)歸納1.(2016全國卷)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work，you should take a step back and identify (識別)those of greater (great)and less importance.2(2018南昌二中模擬)For just a few moments，I felt nothing was better (good)than helping those in need.3(

17、2018湖北省八校聯(lián)考)Chinese traditional dinner procedures used to be long and dealt seriously with: the more important(important)the occasion，the more complex the procedures were.4(2018昆明第一中學(xué)模擬)Though Britains relationship with tea is far shorter(short)，tea plays the most important part as the UKs national

18、drink.形容詞和副詞的比較級：1若空格后有than，空格處需填比較級，要特別注意暗含的比較級。2“the比較級 .，the比較級 .”結(jié)構(gòu)。3在much，far，still，even，a little，a bit，a lot，a great deal等后常需填比較級。5.(2018葫蘆島市模擬)Chinas new-generation high-speed train，the Fuxing，is now the fastest(fast)train in the world，which can travel at a speed of 350 km/h.6Every year，durin

19、g the Lantern Festival，the Chinese village of Nuanquan hosts one of the most (much)beautiful shows in the world.形容詞和副詞的最高級：1表達(dá)在某個范圍內(nèi)“最”用最高級，其標(biāo)志詞有in，of等。2最高級前可用the，one of the等修飾。若空格前有這些詞，就很可能填最高級。7.(2016全國卷)The title will be officially (official)given to me at a ceremony in London.8(2018太原五中模擬)Becaus

20、e users can easily(easy)remain anonymous(匿名的)，chat rooms often attract people interested in more than just friendly chatting.9(2018河北衡水中學(xué)模擬)I can buy and eat whatever I want simply(simple)with a tap of my phone.形容詞變副詞的規(guī)則：1一般情況加-ly，例如immediateimmediately。2以“輔音字母y”結(jié)尾，將y改為i然后加-ly，例如happyhappily。3以-le結(jié)尾

21、，去掉e加-y，例如gentlegently；以-l結(jié)尾，雙寫l再加-y，例如carefulcarefully。重點(diǎn)二動詞的用法動詞的時態(tài)自查自糾要點(diǎn)歸納1.(2018煙臺市高考診斷性測試)When a balloon flies(fly)into the sky，it doesnt end up staying here.一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài)；在時間、條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。2.(2016四川高考)However，it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest.Then，after tw

22、o and a half years，the mother drove (drive)the young panda away.一般過去時表示過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；或過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作或行為。3.If you read as a hobby，you will get (get)better and better at it. 一般將來時表示在將來某一時刻要發(fā)生的動作或狀況。will do還可以表示臨時的決定。4.(2018牡丹江市模擬)In recent years，learning Chinese has become(become)popular among people

23、around the world. 現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作發(fā)生在過去，但對現(xiàn)在仍有影響，也可表示動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能進(jìn)行下去。5.He thanked me for helping him as he had asked(ask )four others before and they told him no.過去完成時表示某一動作或存在的狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去某一時間或某一動作之前，即“過去的過去”。6.I am writing(write)a letter.Will you please turn down the radio？現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示說話時正在進(jìn)行或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作。7.He wa

24、s looking(look)for a house when he saw an advertisement in a newspaper one day.過去進(jìn)行時表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作。8.I have been writing(write)an article all the afternoon and havent finished yet.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時表示從過去的某一時刻到現(xiàn)在一直進(jìn)行的動作。動詞的語態(tài)自查自糾要點(diǎn)歸納1.(2016四川高考)The giant panda is loved(love)by people throughout the worl

25、d.一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：am/is/are過去分詞2.(2016全國卷)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base，where ticket money helps pay for research.I was allowed(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. 一般過去時的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：was/were過去分詞3.(2018天水市模擬)We will be given

26、(give)a choice when we come across our earthly nature.一般將來時的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：will/shall be過去分詞4.Stop talking at once；the latest news about the Olympic Games is being broadcast(broadcast).現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：am/is/are being過去分詞5.The woman was walking about outside the operation room，because her son was being operat

27、ed(operate)on.過去進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：was/were being過去分詞6.(2018新余市模擬)However，since Donald Trump came to power，certain changes of the immigration policy has been made(make).現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：have/has been 過去分詞7.Mr.Mat had been persuaded(persuade)to give up smoking in the office by the time he started his new job.過

28、去完成時的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：had been過去分詞8.(2018吉林省實(shí)驗中學(xué)模擬)Should tourists be allowed(allow)to visit polar regions？情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動詞be過去分詞非謂語動詞.非謂語動詞作主語和賓語自查自糾要點(diǎn)歸納1.(2018蘭州一中模擬)As is known，playing(play)team sports is popular all over the world.2(2018河南省八市測評)It becomes the duty of media to provide(provide)only releva

29、nt and precise information to the masses.1.非謂語動詞作主語表示一般行為時用動名詞。2不定式作主語時，?？疾閕t作形式主語，而真正作主語的不定式后置。3.(2016全國卷)My ambassadorial duties will include introducing(introduce)British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.4(2018南昌二中模擬)At

30、 the sight of the situation，I smiled and offered to pay(pay)the balance，which was $20 altogether.5(2018衡陽八中模擬)Thinking about all the survival tips I had learnt on TV shows，I tried not to panic(panic)6(2018菏澤市模擬)Before he set off，he killed himself by drinking(drink)a kind of strong poison.1.有些詞后只跟不定式

31、作賓語，例如agree，decide等。2有些詞后只跟動名詞作賓語，例如enjoy，finish等。3有些詞后跟不定式與動名詞作賓語有明顯的區(qū)別，例如forget，remember，regret，mean，stop，try等。4介詞后一般用動名詞作賓語。.非謂語動詞作定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語自查自糾要點(diǎn)歸納1.(2016四川高考)For 25 days，she never left her baby，not even to find something to eat(eat)!2(2018河南省八市測評)The best thing about the mass media is that it im

32、mediately provides us with the latest information about the things happening(happen)around us.3(2018六盤山高級中學(xué)模擬)Classical Chinese poetry is traditional Chinese poetry written(write)in classical Chinese and typified by certain traditional forms.1.非謂語動詞作定語時，表示將來時要用不定式。2非謂語動詞作定語時，表示主動和進(jìn)行要用現(xiàn)在分詞；表示被動和完成要用過

33、去分詞。4.(2018日照市校際聯(lián)考)But in recent years，the museum has been working hard to promote(promote)Chinese cultural heritage among young people.5(2018泉州市質(zhì)檢)However，none of the human studies ran for longer than two years，making(make)conclusions about long-term outcomes impossible.6(2018南昌二中模擬)Faced(face)with

34、 this situation，she had no choice but to ask the cashier to cancel it.1.非謂語動詞作目的狀語、表示意料之外的結(jié)果狀語或原因狀語(后置)時，需考慮用動詞不定式。2非謂語動詞作時間、原因(句首)、結(jié)果(意料之中的)和伴隨狀語時，需考慮分詞。如果動詞與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系，要考慮用現(xiàn)在分詞；若是被動關(guān)系要用過去分詞。3關(guān)注-ed在一些固定搭配中的用法。如(be)faced with，(be)lost in，(be)devoted to等。7.(2018丹東市模擬)We hope that National Chinese Char

35、acters Contest will get more people to brush(brush)up our written language.8(2018臨沂市模擬)They were made to recite(recite)sentences and passages from their books.9(2018山東省實(shí)驗中學(xué)模擬)Its an“obsession with art”that keeps her moving(move)forward on this road.10When we saw the road blocked(block)with snow，we d

36、ecided to spend the holiday at home.1.應(yīng)熟知跟不定式作補(bǔ)語的動詞，如invite，allow等。2感官動詞和使役動詞后跟不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，但變成被動語態(tài)后需帶to。3分詞作補(bǔ)語時，若動詞與賓語是主動關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞；若是被動關(guān)系用過去分詞。重點(diǎn)三并列連詞和從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法并列連詞自查自糾要點(diǎn)歸納1.(2016四川高考)It was time for her to have a new baby，and it was also time for the young panda to be independent.2(2018德州市模擬)We cannot

37、 control what happens to us in many cases，but we can control how we react to them.3(2018太原五中模擬)And just like in the real life，there are some people on the web who can take advantage of you either financially or physically.4Everything was cheap there，so we did a lot of shopping.5The short road，the ea

38、sy path and the light load all lead to lower grades in school of life.6Some of us let these dreams die，while others protect them and take care of them through bad days.并列連詞的基本類型：1表示并列或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系時要考慮and，both .and .，not only .but (also).等。2表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系時要考慮but，while等。3表示選擇關(guān)系時要考慮or，either .or .等。4表示因果關(guān)系時要考慮so，fo

39、r等。7.(2018大慶實(shí)驗中學(xué)模擬)The other day I was doing some grocery shopping when a man walked toward a group of us at the checkout stand.8Choose to be happy，and we can have a lot of good and happy days continually.由并列連詞構(gòu)成的常用句式：1be doing sth.when ./be about to do sth.when ./had just done.when.。2祈使句and/or陳述句。定

40、語從句的引導(dǎo)詞自查自糾要點(diǎn)歸納1.(2018銀川一中模擬)It is my duty to explain to you some of the history of our college and some of the traditions that/which I hope you will continue.2(2018河南省六市聯(lián)考)These days the children dont play at break time any more，and they are all in front of their smart phones，which affects their he

41、alth.3(2018吉林省實(shí)驗中學(xué)模擬)There they met people from other parts of the country，who had also volunteered to help.4(2018日照市校際聯(lián)考)The participants，whose ages range from 7 to 70，include students，farmers，teachers and foreign competitors with an interest in Chinese literature.5(2018包頭市一模)The city has built 12

42、state-level tourist areas by now，of which one is 5A class scenic spot and four sites are 4A level.6Though you learn a lot of English grammar，you are afraid to speak English，especially with foreigners，with whom you have to work.7As is known to all，nowadays the Internet is playing a more and more impo

43、rtant part in our daily life.1.當(dāng)定語從句中缺少主語或賓語時，要考慮用引導(dǎo)詞that(指人和物)，which(指物)，who/whom(指人)。2非限制性定語從句中不能用that引導(dǎo)，應(yīng)考慮用which或who(m)。3當(dāng)定語從句中缺少定語時，一般用whose(指人和物)。4定語從句的關(guān)系代詞若在介詞后要考慮用whom(指人)或which(指物)。5當(dāng)定語從句置于句首時，要用as。as常指整個句子，表示“正如”。8.(2018河北省五個一聯(lián)盟模擬)There are many good websites where you can check out the la

44、test in the science world.9(2018西安市第一中學(xué)模擬)The roots of the carnival date back to 1833，when slavery was abolished(廢除)10The reason why he refused to attend the meeting was that they didnt give him an invitation earlier.當(dāng)定語從句中缺少時間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語或原因狀語時，要考慮用when，where或why。名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞自查自糾要點(diǎn)歸納1.(2018綿陽市模擬)For ten ye

45、ars，there was no evidence that this figure existed；just a few eyewitness accounts in the newspaper.2(2018包頭九中模擬)The question is whether you are ready at this time to go for it.名詞從句包括：主語、賓語、表語、同位語從句。當(dāng)名詞性從句中缺少引導(dǎo)詞，但引導(dǎo)詞不作任何成分時，要考慮用that或whether。3.(2018煙臺市診斷性測試)What we should do is to get creative and com

46、e up with alternative ways to celebrate.4I have no idea who will be in charge of the company when the manager is away.5Whoever has helped to save the drowning boy is worth praising.當(dāng)名詞性從句中缺少主語、賓語、表語、定語等成分時，就要考慮關(guān)系代詞who，whom，whose，what，which，who(m)ever，whatever，whichever等。6.(2015全國卷)As natural archite

47、cts，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.7If we want to truly understand why animals are eating plastic in the ocean，we have to think about how animals find food.8The best moment for the football star was when he scored the

48、 winning goal.當(dāng)名詞性從句中缺少時間、地點(diǎn)、原因或方式狀語時，要考慮用關(guān)系副詞when，where，why，how等。狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞自查自糾要點(diǎn)歸納1.(2018南昌二中模擬)When I got to the store，there were people waiting in line.2(2018吉林省實(shí)驗中學(xué)模擬)They put on protective suits and gloves before they entered the building.時間狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞主要有when，while，as，before，after，since，till/until，

49、once等。3.(2018天水市二中檢測)He has got back his own confidence though/although he is still a disabled boy.4(2018聊城市模擬)No matter what others think you should be like，its always best to be your true self.讓步狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞主要有although，though，as，while，no matter疑問詞或疑問詞-ever。5.(2018廣州市調(diào)研考試)If you were to count all the m

50、icrobes on and inside your body，you would find your body has more microbes than the world has people.條件狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞主要有if或unless。6.(2018鄭州一中模擬)However，most scientists regard it as nothing more than a legend because there is a lack of concrete evidence.原因狀語從句中的引導(dǎo)詞主要有because，as或since。7.If you happen to get lost in the wild，youd better stay where you are and wait for help.地點(diǎn)狀語從句通常由where引導(dǎo)。8.(2018東北師大附中模擬)Some people became so absorbed in the activity that they completely forgot to check the clock.結(jié)果狀語從句主要是so/such .that .中that的考查。10