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1、話題十一 自然與環(huán)保子話題(一)水文和地貌geography n地理province n. 省state n. 州capital n. 首府，省會(huì)ocean n. 海洋，大海continent n. 陸地；大陸，大洲stream n. 小河；溪流range n. 山脈valley n. 山谷，溪谷desert n. 沙漠jungle n. 叢林，密林landmark n. 地標(biāo)性建筑mineral n. 礦物質(zhì)urban adj. 城市的；郊區(qū)的local adj. 當(dāng)?shù)氐膎ative adj. 本地的，本國(guó)的remote adj. 偏遠(yuǎn)的；偏僻的mountainous adj. 多山的ste

2、ep adj. 險(xiǎn)峻的；陡峭的be rich in 富含；盛產(chǎn)be separate from 與分離be located in/lie in 坐落于/位于be surrounded by 被包圍/環(huán)繞著cover an area of . 占地面積為take on a new look 呈現(xiàn)新面貌off the coast of 在海岸附近at the top/foot of 在的頂部/底部(腳下)to/on/in the south of 在的南面(相望/接壤/在內(nèi))子話題(二)大氣與氣候weather n. 天氣climate n. 氣候haze n. 霧霾mist n. 薄霧fog n

3、. 霧frost n. 霜drizzle n. 小雨；毛毛雨breeze n. 微風(fēng)rainbow n. 虹，彩虹rainfall n. 一場(chǎng)雨；降雨量shower n. 陣雨；淋浴storm n. 風(fēng)暴，暴(風(fēng))雨thunder n& vi. 雷聲，打雷blow vi. 吹n. 擊；打擊；吹freeze vi. 結(jié)冰；使凍住pour vi. 傾瀉，不斷流出mild adj. 溫和的，暖和的damp adj.& n. 潮濕(的)foggy adj. 有霧的cloudy adj. 多云的，陰天的sunny adj. 晴天的；晴朗的freezing adj. 冰凍的；極冷的snowy adj. 雪

4、(白)的；下雪的；多(積)雪的chilly adj. 寒冷的lowpressure adj. 低壓的zero degrees Centigrade 零攝氏度50 degrees Fahrenheit 50華氏度f(wàn)reezing point 冰點(diǎn)heat wave 熱浪average temperature 平均氣溫weather forecast 天氣預(yù)報(bào)subtropical climate 亞熱帶氣候extreme weather 極端天氣rain or sunshine 風(fēng)雨無(wú)阻子話題(三)自然災(zāi)害與救援natural disasters 自然災(zāi)害；天災(zāi)earthquake n. 地震f

5、lood n. 洪水vt. 淹沒(méi)，使泛濫drought n. 干旱hurricane n. 颶風(fēng)，十二級(jí)風(fēng)sandstorm n沙塵暴typhoon n. 臺(tái)風(fēng)volcano n. 火山tsunami n. 海嘯landslide n. 山體滑坡mudslide n. 泥石流acid rain n. 酸雨wildfire n. 野火shortage n. 缺乏damage n& vt. 毀壞，破壞destroy vt. 摧毀，破壞ruin vt. (使)毀壞；(使)毀滅 n. (復(fù))廢墟；遺跡disappear vi. 消失threaten vt. 威脅predict vt. 預(yù)報(bào)，預(yù)言，預(yù)告

6、erupt vi. (火山)爆發(fā)，噴發(fā)terrify vt. 使感到恐怖frighten vt. 使驚恐distribute vt. 發(fā)放；分發(fā)drinking water shortage 飲用水缺乏warning level 警戒水位volcanic eruption 火山爆發(fā)dig out 挖掘，發(fā)現(xiàn)donate .to . 向捐贈(zèng)stricken area 受災(zāi)地區(qū)economic losses 經(jīng)濟(jì)損失come to ones rescue 前來(lái)救某人be trapped in ruins 被困在廢墟中rebuild ones home 重建某人的家園子話題(四)動(dòng)植物及生態(tài)保護(hù)1動(dòng)

7、物(1)動(dòng)物名稱creature n. 生物，動(dòng)物wildlife n. 野生動(dòng)物beast n. 野獸，牲畜zebra n. 斑馬giraffe n. 長(zhǎng)頸鹿squirrel n. 松鼠kangaroo n. 袋鼠koala n. 考拉dinosaur n. 恐龍shark n. 鯊魚whale n. 鯨seagull n. 海鷗seal n. 海豹seashell n. 海貝tortoise n. 龜，烏龜dolphin n. 海豚cattle n. 牛(總稱)；家畜donkey n. 驢eagle n. 鷹sparrow n. 麻雀parrot n. 鸚鵡insect n. 昆蟲pest

8、 n. 害蟲butterfly n. 蝴蝶dragonfly n. 蜻蜓mosquito n. 蚊子(2)動(dòng)物肢體部位claw n. 爪tail n. (動(dòng)物的)尾巴wing n. 翅膀，機(jī)翼feather n. 羽毛fur n. 毛皮；裘皮(3)相關(guān)動(dòng)作bark vi. 狗叫n. 狗叫聲hatch vi.& vt. (鳥、雞)孵蛋howl vi. 嚎叫，嚎哭，嗥叫2植物(1)植物名稱bamboo n. 竹子maple n. 楓樹pine n. 松樹bush n. 灌木叢，矮樹叢seaweed n. 海草(2)植物部位root n. 根，根莖ring n. (樹的)年輪branch n. 樹枝

9、trunk n. 樹干(3)相關(guān)動(dòng)作plant vt. 種植harvest n& vt. 收割，收獲(物)grow vi. 生長(zhǎng)；發(fā)育；變成vt. 種植sow vi.& vt. 播種irrigate vt. 灌溉3生態(tài)保護(hù)ecology n. 生態(tài)，生態(tài)學(xué)evolution n. 進(jìn)化，演變survival n. 存活，幸存primitive adj. 原始的，遠(yuǎn)古的bare adj. 裸露的extinct adj. 滅絕的preserve vt. 保護(hù)victim n. 犧牲品，受害者damage natural habitat 破壞自然棲息地disturb the wildlifes na

10、tural habitat 擾亂野生動(dòng)物的自然棲息地rare breed 稀有物種endangered species瀕危物種die out 滅絕natural reserve 自然保護(hù)區(qū)protect wildlife 保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物cut down 砍倒have disastrous effect on 對(duì)有災(zāi)難性的影響keep the balance of nature 保持生態(tài)平衡raise the awareness of 喚醒的意識(shí)live in harmony with 與和諧相處子話題(五)環(huán)境污染與環(huán)境保護(hù)1環(huán)境污染pollute vt. 污染radiation n. 放射，放

11、射物waste n. 廢料rubbish n. 垃圾；廢物litter n. 垃圾garbage n. 垃圾smog n. 煙霧haze n. 霧霾white pollution 白色污染carbon dioxide 二氧化碳acid rain 酸雨greenhouse effect 溫室效應(yīng)global warming 全球變暖2環(huán)境保護(hù)environmentallyfriendly adj. 環(huán)保的replace/substitute vt. 取代，代替protect vt. 保護(hù)recycle vt. 回收；再循環(huán)advocate vt. 擁護(hù)，支持，提倡preserve vt. 保護(hù)，

12、保留，保存limited natural resources 有限的自然資源alternative energy 替代能源solar energy/power 太陽(yáng)能nuclear energy/power 核能environmental protection 環(huán)境保護(hù)in harmony with nature 與自然和諧共處live a lowcarbon life 過(guò)低碳生活prevent .from . 阻止做raise ones environmental awareness 提高某人的環(huán)保意識(shí)make proper use of water resources 合理利用水資源sav

13、e and treasure our resources 節(jié)約并珍惜我們的資源take action/steps/measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事take responsibility for/be responsible for . 對(duì)負(fù)責(zé)任call on/appeal to sb. to do sth. 號(hào)召/呼吁某人做某事1Sometimes a smile is so powerful that it gives people suffering from disasters great courage.有時(shí)候，微笑會(huì)如此有力量以至于它給遭受災(zāi)難的人以巨大的勇氣。

14、2The country has provided food and clothes for the homeless people in the disasterstricken areas.這個(gè)國(guó)家已經(jīng)為災(zāi)區(qū)無(wú)家可歸的人們提供了食品和衣物。3Plenty of rubbish and waste water are being poured into the river; as a consequence, water sources have become badly polluted.大量的垃圾和廢水正涌入河流，結(jié)果，水源被嚴(yán)重污染。4. The more wild animals w

15、e kill, the more debts we will pay in the future.我們殺的野生動(dòng)物越多，我們將來(lái)要還的債就越多。5Having realized the great harm caused by the haze and the importance of protecting the environment, people all over the country are taking measures to reduce the hazy weather.意識(shí)到霧霾造成的嚴(yán)重危害和保護(hù)環(huán)境的重要性，全國(guó)人民正采取措施減少霧霾天氣。6Accordingly/C

16、onsequently, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that people are more and more aware of the importance of the protection of the environment.因此，不難得出結(jié)論：人們?cè)絹?lái)越意識(shí)到環(huán)境保護(hù)的重要性了。7It is wellknown that the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe due to global warming.眾所周知，由于全球變暖，全球水資源短缺(問(wèn)題)

17、正變得日益嚴(yán)重。8All animals and plants are important, because each species contributes to the variety of life forms on the earth and plays an important role in maintaining life.所有動(dòng)植物都是重要的，因?yàn)槊恳晃锓N都有助于地球上生命種類的多樣性的形成，而且對(duì)維持生命起到了重要的作用。9With the number of cars increasing fast in our city, our environment is getti

18、ng increasingly worse.在我們的城市，隨著汽車數(shù)量的快速增長(zhǎng)，我們的環(huán)境正急劇惡化。10There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activities that have caused this global warming.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，地球正變得更加暖和，全球變暖正是人類活動(dòng)所致。(2016濟(jì)寧高三二模)上周日，你班開展以“美化城市環(huán)境，倡導(dǎo)低碳生活”為宗旨的志愿者活動(dòng)?；顒?dòng)內(nèi)容包括：上午去郊區(qū)植樹；下午去廣場(chǎng)宣傳，分發(fā)傳單。請(qǐng)你就這個(gè)活動(dòng)為校報(bào)寫一篇題為“A Volun

19、tary Activity”的短文。內(nèi)容包括：1活動(dòng)內(nèi)容、宗旨；2對(duì)同學(xué)的影響以及你的評(píng)價(jià)。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3開頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。參考詞匯：傳單 leaflet A Voluntary ActivityLast Sunday, our class launched a voluntary activity，_Low carbon living is surely a way of great significance.范文必背A Voluntary ActivityLast Sunday, our class launched a vo

20、luntary activity, the theme of which is to make the city more beautiful and advocate a lowcarbon lifestyle.In the morning, we went to plant trees in the suburbs.We worked in cooperation. Some dug holes, some carried and planted trees, and the others watered them. In the afternoon, we went to the Peo

21、ples Square to hand out leaflets, raising peoples awareness of environmental protection. Most of the students think highly of the activity, which will surely have a positive effect on our daily life.As far as Im concerned, its everyones duty to protect the environment. As long as there is the possib

22、ility of saving our planet, do take action now before it is too late. Low carbon living is surely a way of great significance.佳句演練(1)用whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句改寫句Last Sunday, our class launched a voluntary activity, whose_theme is to make the city more beautiful and advocate a lowcarbon lifestyle.(2)根據(jù)句仿寫句子As_long_as_you_dont_betray_me,_Ill do whatever you ask me to (do)只要你不出賣我，要我做什么我都愿意。 10