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1、藝考生課程詞匯 第二十五講 Great Scientists適用學(xué)科英語適用年級高三適用區(qū)域全國課時時長（分鐘）60知識點名詞辨析；動詞辨析；形容詞辨析；副詞辨析；動詞短語辨析；完成句子；句子翻譯教學(xué)目標知識：1快速復(fù)習掌握本單元詞匯。2快速擴詞匯量。方法：1老師和學(xué)生一起翻譯短文并從中找出自己不認識的詞匯。 2學(xué)生將不認識的詞匯整理到筆記本上，并默寫出所整理的詞匯的漢語意思。 能力：1能根據(jù)老師所翻譯的文章快速記住生詞的漢語意思。 2 能通過不斷上漲的詞匯量快速提高閱讀能力。教學(xué)重點課文中的重點單詞、短語及相關(guān)句型的掌握和運用。教學(xué)難點重點單詞、短語的靈活運用。教學(xué)過程一、課堂導(dǎo)入The m

2、ain idea of this passage is that John Snow found out the cause of the disease called cholera which was a deadly disease in London in the 19th century. With Snow s great efforts, the disease was finally under control. 這篇短文的主要意思是說斯諾找到了一種叫做霍亂疾病的起因，這是19世紀發(fā)生在倫敦的一種致命的疾病。在斯諾的努力，該疾病終于得到控制。二、復(fù)習預(yù)習1）The import

3、ant words1cartoon 2whichever3attract - attraction 4tour - tourist - tourism 5unique - only6length - long7deed - do 8settler - settle down9translate - translator10minor - major11create - creature【答案】1卡通 2無論哪一個 3吸引 - 吸引力 4旅游 - 游客 - 旅游業(yè) 5唯一的 - 唯一的 6長度 - 長 7行為 - 做 8移居者 - 安家定居 9翻譯 - 翻譯人員 10次要的 - 主要的 11中國

4、制造，生物 2）The important phrases1theme park2central park3various kinds of4roller coaster5fairy tale 6the fantasy amusement park7no wonder 8the steam-engine train9the bald eagle preserve10in deed - do with - deal with11be modelled after12fight with sword 13Another such injury will put an end on his athl

5、etic career.14The interests of the minority should be protected.15in advance 16the most advanced technology17come to life18a shuttle service19brand new experiences20He brought back a cowboy hat as a souvenir of America.【答案】1主題公園 2中央公園 3多種多樣的 4過山車 5童話故事 6奇妙的游樂場 7難怪 8蒸汽火車9禿鷹保護區(qū) 10確實 - 處理 - 處理 11模仿 12用

6、劍戰(zhàn)斗 13再一次這樣的傷害將會終止他的運動生涯。 14少數(shù)人的利益應(yīng)該被保護。 15提前 16最高級的科技 17栩栩如生 18班車服務(wù) 19嶄新的經(jīng)歷 20他帶回來一個牛仔帽作為美國的紀念品。 三、知識講解 （一）翻譯下面由本單元詞匯所編成的故事 A Strange DiseaseWhen the construction of the firework factory came to the stage of painting, a pump was put in. Then, all the painters in the neighbourhood were defeated by a

7、 severe disease whose characteristic was alike to that of a bad burn.An expert physician was instructed to attend to the victims and handle this case. He was enthusiastic, but he didnt foresee that it was a hard challenge. After simple enquiry, he announced that the polluted paint was to blame. But

8、without positive evidence, people suspected and rejected his view, saying the theory he put forward made no sense. Being much more strict with himself, he contributed himself to the case. Apart from making enquiries, he made detailed charts and analysed the data cautiously. Finally, he drew a scient

9、ific conclusion, linking the disease to the radium in the pump. Exposed to radium, a kind of radioactive material in the universe, people absorbed radiation and got sick immediately.Spinning the pump backward, he took away the radium. This simple movement cured all the victims.奇怪的疾病當那座煙花工廠的建設(shè)到了油漆階段時

10、，一個水泵被安裝進來，接著，在它附近的油漆工都得了一種嚴重的疾?。膊魯∮推峁ぃ涮卣髋c燒傷相似。一位經(jīng)驗豐富的內(nèi)科醫(yī)生被指定去照顧受害者并負責處理這一案例。他熱情地投入到工作中，但是卻沒有預(yù)見到這是一次艱難的挑戰(zhàn)。在簡單的詢問后，他就宣布說罪魁禍首是受污染的油漆（油漆應(yīng)受責備）。但是沒有確實的證據(jù)，人們很懷疑并拒絕他的觀點，大家都說他提出的理論毫無道理。他對自己要求更加嚴格，全身心地投入。除了詢問，他還制作了詳細的圖表，謹慎地分析各項數(shù)據(jù)，最后，他終于得出了一個科學(xué)的結(jié)論，把疾病和水泵中的鐳聯(lián)系起來。鐳是宇宙中的一種放射性物質(zhì)，當暴露在鐳的輻射中時，人體吸收其射線，立刻染上疾病。他把水泵

11、向后旋轉(zhuǎn)，拿走了里面的鐳，這個簡單的動作治愈了所有的受害者。（二）重點知識總結(jié)與解析1）The important words in this passage:1 construction2 firework3 pump 4 painters5 neighbourhood6 defeat7 severe8 characteristic9 alike 10 expert13 physician14 instruct15 attend16 victim17 handle18 enthusiastic19 foresee20 challenge21 enquiry22 announce25 poll

12、ute26 blame27 positive28 suspect29 reject30 contribute31chart32 analyse33 cautiously34 radium11 universe12 absorb23 spin24 backward35 movement36 cure【答案】1 construction建筑2 firework煙火3 pump 泵4 painters畫家5 neighbourhood鄰居6 defeat打敗7 severe嚴重的8 characteristic性格9 alike 相似的10 expert專家11 universe宇宙12 absor

13、b吸收13 physician生理學(xué)家14 instruct指令15 attend參加16 victim受害者17 handle處理18 enthusiastic熱情的19 foresee預(yù)見20 challenge挑戰(zhàn)21 enquiry詢問22 announce通知25 pollute污染26 blame責備27 positive積極的28 suspect懷疑29 reject拒絕30 contribute貢獻31chart圖表32 analyse分析33 cautiously好奇地34 radium鐳23 spin旋轉(zhuǎn)24 backward向后地35 movement運動36 cure治

14、愈2）The important phrases in this passage:1put forward2made no sense 3strict with 4apart from 5draw a scientific conclusion6link to 7expose to 【答案】1put forward提出2made no sense無意義3strict with對.嚴格4apart from除了5draw a scientific conclusion得出科學(xué)的結(jié)論6link to連接7expose to暴露（三）知識點講解重點詞匯知識點1 詞匯部分詞語辨析1. characte

15、r / characteristic 2. examine / check / test 3. cure / treat 4. blame / scold 5. reject / refuse詞形變化1. scientific adj.科學(xué)的science n.科學(xué)scientist n.科學(xué)家2. valuable adj.有價值的value n. 價值value v. 估價, 評價3. instruct v. 教導(dǎo)，命令instruction n. 指示，用法說明instructive adj.有益的，教育性的4. enthusiastic adj.熱心的，熱情的enthusiasm n.

16、狂熱，熱心enthusiast n.熱心家，狂熱者重點單詞1. conclude v. 斷定， 得出結(jié)論; 結(jié)束（正式）；2. attend v. vt. 出席, 參加, 照顧, 護理, 注意 vi.專心, 留意3. expose vt. 使暴露, 受到, 使曝光 v揭露4. absorb vt. 吸收;使(精神)貫注;吞并5. blame n過失, 責備 vt.責備, 譴責6. instruct vt .教, 教導(dǎo), 命令, 指示, 通知7. contribute vi& vt捐助，捐獻，貢獻；投稿重點詞組put forward 提出；提議以供考慮 in addition/ apart fr

17、om 除之外；另外make sense 有意義重點句子1. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.2. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.3. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it .知識點2 1).

18、 character/characteristic n. 【解釋】character 性格，品質(zhì) （本身具有的）；角色，人物；字體，字符characteristic 特點，特征（區(qū)別于其他事物）2). examine/ check /test 檢查【解釋】examine仔細察看或觀察（以了解情況或是否有問題或毛?。ヽheck檢查 （含有“校對”或“找錯”的意思）test 檢查，檢測（以某種手段來試一試某人或某物是否達到了一定的標準）3) cure/ treat 治療【解釋】cure 表示治愈的結(jié)果，treat 表示治療的過程4) blame/scold 責備【解釋】blame 責備；譴責； 歸

19、咎于強調(diào)對某種可以解釋的失誤或不良行為的譴責或懲罰：scold 斥責”、“責罵”指大聲呵斥，責備，嘮嘮叨叨地說，常用于長輩對晚輩5) reject /refuse 拒絕【解釋】reject 后接名詞，（含對被拋棄的東西不屑一顧）refuse 后接名詞，動名詞 ，可表“謝絕”知識點3 science n，科學(xué) scientific adj.科學(xué)的 scientist n.科學(xué)家 announce v宣布 announcement n.宣布 announcer n，廣播員，告知者 instruct v.指導(dǎo)，命令 instruction n.指導(dǎo)，指示 instructive adj.有益的，教育

20、性的enthusiastic adj.熱心的，熱情的enthusiasm n.狂熱，熱心enthusiast n.熱心家，狂熱者valuable adj.有價值的value n. 價值value v. 估價, 評價重點詞組知識點11put forward 提出(建議等)；推薦某人或自己任職位；提名典例 1）He put forward a new plan yesterday他昨天提出一個新計劃。2）May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee? 我能否提名你當委員會主席?短語歸納 put on穿上；增加

21、 put on performances演出 put an end to結(jié)束；終止 put off推遲；延期； put ones heart into全神貫注于 put down寫下 put out生產(chǎn)；撲滅 put back放回；送回 put up舉起；張貼練習用put構(gòu)成的短語填空:1)You can take anything from the shelf，but please _ the books when youve finished with them2)He often _ some useful advice.Keys: 1) put back 2) puts forward

22、2apart from 除之外;另外典例1）Apart from a few faults，he is a perfect teacher除了幾個缺點之外，他是一個很好的老師。2）Apart from the cost，the dress doesnt suit me姑且不論價格，這件禮服也不適合我穿。短語歸納 in addition to除之外(還有,包括在內(nèi)) besides 除之外(還有,包括在內(nèi)) except (for)除之外除之外(還有,不包括在內(nèi)) except that 除了除之外(還有,不包括在內(nèi))練習選擇以上短語填空。As a senior student, we stud

23、y other subjects _ English.Your article is well written _ some spelling mistakes.Keys: 1) besides/ in addition to/apart from 2) except for3、make sense講得通；有意義 典例 What he says makes sense他說的有道理。Can you make sense of this poem? 你能明白這首詩的含義嗎?What you say is true in a sense你所說的在某種意義上是真實的。短語歸納make no sense

24、講不通；無意義 make sense of 了解,明白in a sense就某種意義而言；在某種意義上重點句型知識點11. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次瘟疫爆發(fā)，數(shù)以千計的人們在恐懼中死去解釋 every time可作連詞使用，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為“每次，每當”immediately，the moment，directly，instantly等都可以作連詞引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為“一就”典例1）Every time I meet him，I always think

25、of the things happened between us每次見到他，我就想起發(fā)生在我們之間的事情。2）Immediately he saw the message, he knew he misunderstood his best friend.一見到紙條，他就知道他誤會了他最好的朋友。練習 漢譯英）每次我去找他，他都在專心看書_）我一見到她就把這本書給了她。_）我一見到他就把這封信給他。_）我一接到你的信就來了。 _Keys: 1) Every time I went to see him, he was absorbed in reading. 2) I gave the bo

26、ok to her the moment I saw her 3) I will give the letter to him immediately I see him4) I came directly I got the letter 2. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有當你把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運動才能說的清楚解釋Only 引導(dǎo)的狀語放在句首，句子需用半倒裝練習漢譯英) 只有用這種方法，你才能輕松地解決這個問題_)

27、就在你失去它的時候，你才會懂得時間的寶貴_Keys: 1) Only in this way, can you deal with the problem easily. 2) Only when you lost it, will you understand how valuable the time is.3. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it .他把太陽固定在太陽系的中心位置上，而行星則圍繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)解釋with + 賓語+ v. ing / v.

28、 ed / to do / adj. / adv. / prep. phrases構(gòu)成的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中通常作為狀語，表示背景情況，為方式，原因或條件等典例1）With the old man leading the way, we started towards the forest. 在老者的帶路下，我們向森林進發(fā)。2）She ran and ran with beads of sweat running down her face. 她不停地奔跑，汗珠順著臉頰流下來。練習 漢譯英隨著考試的結(jié)束，我們的假期開始了_Keys: With the test finished, we began

29、our holiday.四、例題精析【例題1】選擇character 或characteristic 并用其適當?shù)男问教羁?） He proved himself true gentleman and the beauty of his _ was seen at its best when he worked with others.2） People living in the city are different from those in the countryside in _ .3） What are the _that distinguish the Chinese from t

30、he Japanese?4） Chinese _ attract a great number of foreigners all over the world.5） The main purpose of a play is to let the _ speak for themselves as much as possible.【答案】1) character 2) character 3) characteristics 4) character 5) character【解析】character 性格，品質(zhì) （本身具有的）；角色，人物；字體，字符characteristic 特點，特

31、征（區(qū)別于其他事物）1) character 性格，品質(zhì)2) character 品質(zhì) （本身具有的）3) characteristics 特征（區(qū)別于其他事物）4) character 品質(zhì) （本身具有的）5) character 角色，人物；【例題2】根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，用括號內(nèi)所提供詞的適當形式填空1) The _ took a very _ approach to _.(science)2) The _ make a(n) _ that all the details should _ through the broadcast.(announce)3) It is _ and easy f

32、or the children to read some masterpieces with the _ at the bottom of each page.(instruct)4) “You dont seem very _ about the idea.” “I dont mind,” she said, without much _.(enthusiasm)5) There is no any criterion to _ whether it is _ information. (value)【答案】1) scientist; scientific; science 2) annou

33、ncer; announcement; be announced 3) instructive;instructions 4) enthusiastic; enthusiasm 5) value;valuable 【解析】1) scientist科學(xué)家; scientific approach 科學(xué)方法; science 科學(xué)2) announcer廣播員; announcement通知; be announced 被通知3) instructive具有指導(dǎo)性的; instructions 指導(dǎo)4) enthusiastic熱情的; enthusiasm 熱情5) value評估價值;valu

34、able 有價值的五、課堂運用【基礎(chǔ)】選擇 check , examine 或 test，并用其適當?shù)男问教羁?. I was being _ for a driving license for the third time.【答案】tested【解析】tested 被測驗2. The doctor _ him carefully.【答案】 examined 【解析】 examined 檢查身體3. The interviewer always _ her facts before sending them to the editor.【答案】 checks 【解析】 checks 檢查選擇c

35、ure 或treat 并用其適當?shù)男问教羁?. After being _ for such a long time, the wound _ at last.【答案】treated; cured【解析】treat被對待; cure治愈選擇blame或scold并用其適當?shù)男问教羁?. Dont _ it on him, but on me.【答案】blame【解析】blame sth on sb 6. The parents _ the naughty boy and asked him to leave the home at once.【答案】scolded【解析】scolded責備【鞏

36、固】選擇refuse 或reject 并用其適當?shù)男问教羁?. The Christian Church _ his theory, saying it was against Gods idea.【答案】rejected 【解析】reject書面語，較正式2. I cant stand working with Jane in the same office. She just _to stop talking while she works.【答案】refuses【解析】refuse拒絕用expose的恰當形式填空。3. The soil was washed away by the fl

37、ood，_bare rock 【答案】exposing 【解析】exposing非謂語動詞doing表伴隨 4. The baby was left _the wind and rain 【答案】exposed to【解析】exposed to 暴露于5. This medicine is not_daylight.【答案】tobeexposedto【解析】expose to 暴露于6. The _of the plot against the President probably saved his life【答案】exposure【解析】exposure 名詞做主語用contribute的

38、恰當形式或短語填空。 7. Everyone is encouraged to _ the discussion.【答案】contribute to 【解析】contribute to 貢獻8. Her work has _ our understanding of this difficult subject.【答案】contributed to 【解析】contributed to 現(xiàn)在完成時9. She has _ poems to literary magazines【答案】contributed 【解析】contribute + 名詞，及物動詞10. Each will_ 20 yu

39、an.【答案】contribute【解析】contribute 每人攤20塊錢?！景胃摺恳唬┯⒆g漢1. John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.【答案】約翰斯諾是倫敦一位著名的醫(yī)生他的確醫(yī)術(shù)精湛，因而成為照料維多利亞女王的私人醫(yī)生。2. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.【答案】人們既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治療方法。3. The fir

40、st suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims.【答案】一種看法是霍亂病毒在空氣中繁殖著，像一股危險的氣體到處漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害者為止。4. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.【答案】第二種看法是人們在吃飯的時候把這種病毒引入體內(nèi)的。5. In two parti

41、cular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.【答案】他發(fā)現(xiàn)特別在兩條街道上霍亂流行的很嚴重，在10天之內(nèi)就死去了500多人。他決心要查明其原因。二）漢譯英課文原句仿寫【原句】John Snow was a well-known doctor in Landon( and he was) so famous, indeed (插入語), that he attended Queen Vi

42、ctoria to ease the birth of her babies. 1. 張老師是個熱心的老師，他那么善良我想當他的學(xué)生生病時他一定樂意幫助他們的。_【答案】Mr. Zhang is a warm-hearted teacher in our schoolso kind, I think/ I believe/ I suppose/ I dare say (插入語), that he is sure to help his students when they are ill.2. 李平是我們班一位用功的學(xué)生。他那么勤奮我想晚上不到11點他不會上床睡覺的。_【答案】 Li Ping

43、 is a hard-working boy in my classso diligent, I suppose, that he never goes to bed until 11 at night. 【解析】模仿要點兩個簡單句合并成一句，很好地運用了插入語和符號來壓縮句子。課文原句仿寫【原句】Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar sys

44、tem.3. 雖然她不相信別人說的話，可她所收集的證據(jù)得出這樣的結(jié)論：她的男朋友騙了她。_【答案】Though she didnt believe what other people said, the evidences that she collected led to the conclusion: that her boy friend cheated her. 4. 盡管他很聰明，但他不勤奮。他這學(xué)期所經(jīng)歷的失敗得出這樣的結(jié)論：不勞不獲_【答案】 Though he was very clever，he didnt work hard and all his failure ( th

45、at she experienced) this term led to the conclusion: that no pains no gains.【解析】模仿要點 冒號加that從句課文原句仿寫【原句】He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.5. 當你步入校園，在你面前是一個種著各種花草的大花壇。在花壇的兩邊是兩個高大的樓房：左邊是教學(xué)樓，右邊是圖書館。_【答案】

46、When you enter the school, you can see in front of you a big flower bed with various kinds of flowers and grass growing in it and with two large buildings standing on both sides the library on your right and the teaching building on your left. 【解析】 模仿要點 句子結(jié)構(gòu)：with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作定語修飾前面的名詞。課程小結(jié)本節(jié)課主要圍繞必修五一單元詞匯進

47、行多方位記憶，將精心挑選出的詞匯、短語進行匯編串聯(lián)，構(gòu)成趣味文章。需要重點掌握的是除了本單元的詞匯外，還有文章中出現(xiàn)的其他詞匯的漢語意思。盡可能多的擴大詞匯量，盡可能快的記住每個生詞的意思，近年高考對詞匯的考查越來越重視，因此，同學(xué)在通過詞匯量的增大，快速提高了閱讀能力，使整個高考題的卷面分數(shù)全面提高。課后作業(yè)【基礎(chǔ)】 根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項。1. When was the pump put in? A. 2014 B. When all the painters in the neighbourhood were defeated by a severe

48、disease. C. When the construction of the firework factory came to the stage of painting. D. 2015【答案】C【解析】根據(jù)文章第一段當那座煙花工廠的建設(shè)到了油漆階段時，一個水泵被安裝進來，所以本題選擇C2. What did the disease look like? A.a cold B. a flu C.a bad burn D. a fever【答案】C【解析】根據(jù)a severe disease whose characteristic was alike to that of a bad b

49、urn，所以本題選擇C3. Which is the main cause of the disease？ A.the paint B. the radium in the pump C.the pump D. the soil【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)Finally, he drew a scientific conclusion, linking the disease to the radium in the pump，所以本題選擇B. 【鞏固】 根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容完成下面語法填空，注意單詞拼寫和詞語用法： In the times of Queen Victoria, so-called Kin

50、g Cholera hit Londoners, which often 1 （導(dǎo)致）large numbers of 2 (dead). Thanks to John Snow, a then well known 3 , this deadly disease finally got controlled. John Snow thought 4 most important was to find its 5 . So he began to gather the information, for which he made a map, on which he marked 6 the

51、 7 （受害者）had lived. As a result, he found out that the 8 (污染) water was the cause of cholera and suggested that the source of all water supplies 9 （檢查）immediately. Finally King Cholera 10 (defeat). 【答案】 1. resulted in 2. deaths 3. doctor 4. the 5. cause 6. where 7. victims 8. polluted 9. be examined

52、10. was defeated【拔高】 英譯漢1. First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived.【答案】首先，他在一張地圖上標明了所有死者住過的地方。2. He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.【答案】他馬上叫寬街上驚慌失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手。這樣，水泵就用不成了。3. He

53、 had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.【答案】他證明了霍亂是由病菌而不是由氣體傳播的。4. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.【答案】有一位婦女是從寬街搬過來的，她特別喜歡那里的水，每天都要派人從水泵打水運到家里來。5. To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.【答案】為了防止這種情況的再度發(fā)生，約翰斯諾建議所有水源都要經(jīng)過檢測。