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1、2022年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) BookII Unit4教學(xué)案 人教大綱版理解:要點(diǎn)詮釋單詞1.absence講： n.缺席；不在；缺乏例：Behave yourself during my absence.我不在時(shí)你要規(guī)矩點(diǎn)。Absence of rain caused the plants to die.因缺水導(dǎo)致植物枯死。鏈接拓展 absence of mind心不在焉， absent adj. be absent from缺席 He was absent from school yesterday. 他昨天曠課了。 反義詞present adj. be present at出席；到場(chǎng)練：T

2、he presence of social support helps people fend off（避開(kāi)）illness,and the _of such support makes poor health more likely.A.absence B.absent C.appearance D.help提示:注意此處為對(duì)比結(jié)構(gòu)，所以此空中的用詞應(yīng)該和presence相對(duì)應(yīng)。答案:A2.apart講：adv.遠(yuǎn)離地；隔開(kāi)地；向一邊；在一邊短語(yǔ):take.apart把拆開(kāi)apart from prep. 除外例：The two houses are 500 metres apart.這兩所

3、房子相距500米。She lives apart from her parents.她和父母分開(kāi)住。They planted the trees three metres apart.他們每隔三米種一棵樹(shù)。He took me apart in order to speak to me alone.他把我領(lǐng)到一邊，以便單獨(dú)跟我說(shuō)話。He took the engine apart in order to find where there was wrong.他把引擎拆開(kāi)查找問(wèn)題所在。練：_ the cost,the dress doesnt suit me.A.Except B.Expect

4、C.Apart from D.Beside提示:apart from具有多重意義：既可表示besides,也可以表示except或except for,還可以表示without的意思。答案:C3.contribute講：vt.& vi.貢獻(xiàn)；捐獻(xiàn)；投稿短語(yǔ):contribute.to.把貢獻(xiàn)給；把投給contribute to 為作貢獻(xiàn)；有助于；向投稿例：He contributed a lot of money to the charity.他捐很多錢給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)。She contributed a lot of good ideas to the discussion.她在這次討論中提出很多

5、好的意見(jiàn)。He didnt contribute anything to world peace.他對(duì)世界和平毫無(wú)貢獻(xiàn)。I contributed several poems to a literary magazine.我投了幾首詩(shī)給一本文學(xué)雜志。The fair weather contributed to the success of the voyage.良好的天氣助成了那次航行。A proper amount of exercise contributes to good health.適度的運(yùn)動(dòng)有益健康。The construction of a highway will cont

6、ribute to the growth of the suburbs.建造高速公路將有助于郊區(qū)的發(fā)展。鏈接提示 n. contribution 貢獻(xiàn) make contributions to作出貢獻(xiàn)練：Eating too much fat can _ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.A.result from B.contribute to C.attend to D.devote to提示:本題考查短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。根據(jù)句子的意思分析，此處應(yīng)使用能表示“導(dǎo)致”的短語(yǔ)。短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞contribute to的意思是“有助于；促成”，相當(dāng)于

7、lead to。答案:B4.remend 講：vt.推薦；介紹；勸告；建議短語(yǔ):remend sth.(to sb.)(for sth.)remend sb.sth.remend(for sth./as sth.)remend sb.to doremend doingremend that.例：Can you remend me a good novel?你能給我推薦一本好小說(shuō)嗎？He will remend you for the job.他將會(huì)推薦你擔(dān)任那一職務(wù)。I remend her as your secretary.我推薦她當(dāng)你的秘書(shū)。I remend going by railw

8、ay.我建議乘火車。The doctor remended me to take a long rest.醫(yī)生勸我長(zhǎng)期休息。The teacher remended that I (should) read the novel.老師勸我讀那部小說(shuō)。Can you remend me a good lawyer?你能推薦一位好律師給我嗎？鏈接提示 remend在作“建議”講時(shí)，其同義詞為advise。remend后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可省略。練：I _ you to buy this dictionary.A.remend B.suggest C.ag

9、ree D.apply提示:此處用remend表示“建議”。其他詞均不能用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。答案:A短語(yǔ)e into being講：該短語(yǔ)為不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，表示“出現(xiàn)；形成；產(chǎn)生”。例：We do not know when the universe came into being.我們不知道宇宙何時(shí)開(kāi)始存在。Thus the Great Wall came into being.這樣長(zhǎng)城就形成了。Thus the first workers league came into being.這樣第一個(gè)工人聯(lián)盟就出現(xiàn)了。Such a custom came into being long a

10、go.這種風(fēng)俗很久以前就有了。鏈接拓展 e into power 上臺(tái)；掌權(quán)；執(zhí)政 This government came to/into power in xx. 該政府于xx年執(zhí)掌政權(quán)。 e into effect 實(shí)行；實(shí)施；生效 The new tax regulations came into effect last week. 新稅法上周開(kāi)始實(shí)施。 The telephone first came into use in the 1870s. 電話在19世紀(jì)70年代開(kāi)始使用。 e into sight/view 可以望見(jiàn)；出現(xiàn)在眼前 The mountain town came

11、into sight/view as we turned the last corner. 我們拐過(guò)最后一個(gè)彎,山城就映入了我們的眼簾。練：The town came into _ as we turned the corner.A.being B.use C.fashion D.sight提示:本題通過(guò)語(yǔ)境考查e into和不同名詞構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)的意思，短語(yǔ)e into being“形成”；e into use“開(kāi)始使用”；e into fashion“流行；入時(shí)”；e into sight“進(jìn)入視線”。根據(jù)as we turned the corner得出答案為D。答案：D句型1.A is to

12、 B what C is to D.講：請(qǐng)觀察下列課文原句：A nest is to a bird what a house is to a man.巢與鳥(niǎo)兒的關(guān)系如同房子和人的關(guān)系。A net is to a fisherman what a gun is to a hunter.網(wǎng)與漁夫的關(guān)系就像槍與獵人一樣。Arms are to the body what branches are to a tree.上肢與身體的關(guān)系就像樹(shù)枝和樹(shù)的關(guān)系。A is to B what C is to D.這一句型表示“A對(duì)B而言正如C對(duì)D一樣”。例：We are to them what fish is

13、 to water.我們和他們的關(guān)系就像魚(yú)兒和水一樣。Honey is to a bee what milk is to a cow.蜂蜜與蜜蜂的關(guān)系如同牛奶和奶牛的關(guān)系。Furniture is to the living room what playground equipment is to the playground.家具與居室的關(guān)系如同體育器械和操場(chǎng)的關(guān)系。鏈接提示 在本句型中只能使用what來(lái)引導(dǎo)。練：Smell is to the nose _ taste is to the tongue.A.that B.what C.how D.which提示:本句話的意思為“嗅覺(jué)與鼻子的

14、關(guān)系如同味覺(jué)和舌頭的關(guān)系”。答案:B2.連詞+過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)講：請(qǐng)觀察下面教材原句：Once published,his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.付印后，他的詩(shī)作因?yàn)樾形膊谎喉嵍螳@其名。講：Once published是Once it was published 的省略。英語(yǔ)中的某些連詞，如when,if,unless,though,once等后可直接跟過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。此時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞與句子的主語(yǔ)之間一定要具有被動(dòng)關(guān)系。例：If trapped in a burning buildi

15、ng,you should send for help.如果困在燃燒的房子里，你應(yīng)該尋求幫助。Although shot in the leg,he continued firing at the thief.雖然被擊中腿部，他繼續(xù)和小偷搏斗。The programme,once begun,must be continued.這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，一旦啟動(dòng)，就必須繼續(xù)下去。Generally speaking,when taken according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.一般來(lái)說(shuō)，如按說(shuō)明吃藥，這種藥沒(méi)有副作用。Unless inv

16、ited to speak,you should remain silent at the conference.在會(huì)議上，如果不請(qǐng)你講話，你就應(yīng)保持沉默。Ill go to attend the meeting if invited.如果受到邀請(qǐng)我就去參加那個(gè)會(huì)議。鏈接提示 此句型為連詞過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的用法。過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該和主句的主語(yǔ)一致，且表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。有時(shí)為了更準(zhǔn)確地表示主句和從句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，在過(guò)去分詞的前面使用連詞，相當(dāng)于該連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句（從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)）。練：A beam of light will not bend round ers unless_

17、to do so with the help of a reflecting device.A.having been made B.being made C.made D.you make提示:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子的意思，unless應(yīng)該引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)，但句子不完整。可補(bǔ)全句子內(nèi)容為unless it is made to do so，所以正確答案為C項(xiàng)。答案:C辨析1.remind，call upremind v. 提醒；使想起常用結(jié)構(gòu)有:remind sb.of.使某人想起；remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事；remind sb.that.提醒She reminded me

18、that I hadnt watered the flowers.她提醒我還沒(méi)有澆花。Remind me to mail the letter.提醒我寄這封信。The film reminded me of my childhood.這部電影使我想起了我的童年時(shí)代。即時(shí)練習(xí):The picture of the park _memories of our class trip last year.A.called up B.reminded C.turned up D.came up提示:call up打電話；使回憶起；召集；remind sb.of.使某人回憶起（賓語(yǔ)為人）；turn up出

19、現(xiàn)；到達(dá)；把開(kāi)大/擰大；e up上升；提出。根據(jù)句意此處應(yīng)表示“使我想起了去年我們班的旅行”。答案：A2.despite,in spite of,though三者都有“盡管”之意，但詞性不同。前兩者為介詞，后跟名詞，通常情況下可換用。而though 是連詞，后跟句子。即時(shí)練習(xí):(1)Hes very active _ his age.(2) _ all their hard work,the project ended in failure.(3) _ it was very late,the child would not go to bed.(4)Young _ he was he kne

20、w a lot.答案:(1)despite/in spite of (2)In spite of/Despite (3)Though (4)though誘思:實(shí)例點(diǎn)撥【例1】 (xx重慶模擬) The old ladys hand shook frequently.She explained to her doctor _ this shaking had begun half a year before,and _,only because of this,she had forced to give up her job.A.when;how B.how;when C.how;how D.

21、why;why提示:由句中給出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)half a year before可知不能再選含有when的選項(xiàng)，故排除A、B兩項(xiàng)，這位老太太是在向醫(yī)生說(shuō)明情況，故她自己并不知道手哆嗦的原因，故排除D項(xiàng)why。正由于手哆嗦，她又是怎樣被迫放棄了工作。答案:C講評(píng):連詞的使用要從句子的意思上去分析?！纠?】 (xx廣東模擬) Youd better take something to read when you go to see the doctor _ you have to wait.A.even if B.in case C.as if D.in order that提示:該句意為:你最好帶點(diǎn)什么去讀以防需要候診。由上下文的邏輯語(yǔ)意可知，此處應(yīng)該用in case。答案:B講評(píng):注意分析句子的意思?！纠?】 (xx重慶模擬) You know.Bob is a little slow _ understanding so.So I have to be patient _ him.A.in;with B.on;with C.in;to D.at;of提示:be slow in表示“在方面反應(yīng)遲鈍”，be patient with對(duì)有耐心。答案:A講評(píng):從詞語(yǔ)的固定搭配和句子所要表達(dá)的意思上去分析。