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1、2022年高考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法高考時(shí)態(tài)命題思路點(diǎn)撥教案 時(shí)態(tài)的考查是高考的熱點(diǎn)，本文從以下三點(diǎn)根據(jù)最新高考試題幫助同學(xué)們進(jìn)行分析點(diǎn)撥，希望能夠掌握好這一重要得分內(nèi)容。 一、高考時(shí)態(tài)題目的命題特點(diǎn)： 1．主要考查大綱要求的八種時(shí)態(tài)的形式和用法。試題中并未出現(xiàn)大綱之外的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)形式。 2．時(shí)態(tài)的立意由簡(jiǎn)單直接的“結(jié)構(gòu)立意”轉(zhuǎn)向了“情景立意”。試題創(chuàng)設(shè)的語(yǔ)境明確，交際情景多是發(fā)生在學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)或日常生活中的真是情況，這樣的情景設(shè)置實(shí)質(zhì)上對(duì)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)、語(yǔ)義理解和語(yǔ)言交際能力的綜合考查，體現(xiàn)了高考試題由“知識(shí)立意”向“能力立意”的命題原則。 3．題干中的有效信息由外顯的轉(zhuǎn)向隱藏的，情景中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)一處明

2、顯的時(shí)間信息。 4．試題的設(shè)問(wèn)多以中學(xué)生普遍趕到難以把握的幾組時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)互相干擾，如現(xiàn)在完成式和一般過(guò)去式，現(xiàn)在完形式和過(guò)去完成式。 二、最新高考試題對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)的分類考查： 1.高考試題對(duì)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的考查 思路點(diǎn)撥：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)前幾年并不是考查的重點(diǎn)，但是近幾年加強(qiáng)了對(duì)它的考查力度，它的主要考點(diǎn)主要在以下幾個(gè)方面：1）表示持久存在的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)階段反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。2）表示永恒的真理和通訊工具的定時(shí)發(fā)送。3）時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代將來(lái)時(shí)。 4）表示對(duì)當(dāng)前情況的描述，多用于口語(yǔ)。 【經(jīng)典考例】The house belongs to my aunt

3、 but she______ here any more. A. hasn't lived B. didn't live C. hadn't lived D. doesn't live 解析：答案為D。句意：這房子屬于我姨的，但是她（現(xiàn)在）不再住這兒了。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 【經(jīng)典考例】Look at the timetable. Hurry up!? Flight 4026?_____off at? 18:20. ? A. takes???????????? B. took?????? C. will be taken????? D. has ta

4、ke 解析：A?？禳c(diǎn)，4026航班在6；20起飛。飛機(jī)起飛，火車出發(fā)的時(shí)間都是按照計(jì)劃的，其時(shí)態(tài)要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 2.高考試題對(duì)完成時(shí)態(tài)的考查 思路點(diǎn)撥：完成時(shí)態(tài)包括現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)以及過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí),其中現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)考查得較多。在出考查完成時(shí)的用法時(shí),通常采用以下命題手段來(lái)設(shè)置語(yǔ)境: 1）. 給出明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。2）. 完成時(shí)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)相結(jié)合。3）.完成時(shí)態(tài)與主謂一致相結(jié)合。4）和其它時(shí)態(tài)如一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)等作對(duì)比。這樣的試題完全沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),一定要對(duì)比其它時(shí)態(tài)去確定用哪一種完成時(shí)態(tài)。 【經(jīng)典考例】I was giving a talk to a lar

5、ge group of people, the same talk I _____ to half a dozen other groups. A. was giving B. am giving C. had given D. have given 解析：C 本題主要考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的用法。顯然give (the same talk) to half a dozen other groups 發(fā)生在I was giving a talk to a large group of people 之前，所以應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。判斷是否用過(guò)去完成時(shí)關(guān)鍵看動(dòng)作是否發(fā)

6、生在另外一個(gè)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作之前。 【經(jīng)典考例】The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. She ______ before. A. hasn't flown B. didn't fly C. hadn't flown D. wasn't flying 解析：答案為C。該題考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 3.高考試題對(duì)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的考查 思路點(diǎn)撥：進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)分為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)在高考試題中出現(xiàn)的頻率也很高。一般會(huì)給出具體、

7、鮮活的語(yǔ)境去考查考生運(yùn)用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的能力,很少會(huì)給出像at the moment, at this time last night這樣明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。一般會(huì)以對(duì)話的形式來(lái)出這類試題。 【經(jīng)典考例】I??______ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident?______ A. went; was occurring????????????? B. went; occurred C. was going; occurred???????????????D. was going; had occurred

8、解析：答案為C。句意：我正沿著街道尋找一個(gè)停車的地方，突然事故發(fā)生了。 【經(jīng)典考例】Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane ________. A. takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took off 解析：答案為B。這里飛機(jī)起飛的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)的意思。飛機(jī)就要起飛了，請(qǐng)系好安全帶。 4.高考試題對(duì)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的考查 思路點(diǎn)撥：一般過(guò)去時(shí)一直是時(shí)態(tài)測(cè)試的考查熱點(diǎn),很受的青睞。在出有關(guān)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的試題時(shí),一般不

9、會(huì)在題干中給出明確的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),而是通過(guò)語(yǔ)境中的關(guān)鍵詞確定時(shí)態(tài)背景,考查考生靈活運(yùn)用時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)的能力。能夠反映時(shí)態(tài)背景的關(guān)鍵詞可以是連詞,如before, when等,或者像now這類表示與過(guò)去對(duì)比的時(shí)間副詞,或者是表示時(shí)間的名詞作先行詞,要求據(jù)此判斷定語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)。 【經(jīng)典考例】My cousin went to Canada two yours ago．He——there for a few months and then went to America． A．worked B．would work C．would be working D.has been

10、 working 解析：答案為A。本題考查時(shí)態(tài)。因?yàn)閣ork 可以是延續(xù)動(dòng)詞，因此后面可以跟時(shí)間段，故答案為A，選用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。 【經(jīng)典考例】Only then ___________how much damage had been caused. A. she realized?????? B. she had realized C. had she realized??? D. did she realize 解析：答案為D。以“only +狀語(yǔ)”開(kāi)頭的句子要用倒裝。根據(jù)“then”可知應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 5.高考試題對(duì)將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的考察 思路點(diǎn)撥：將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)包括一般將來(lái)時(shí)以

11、及過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),高考試題中偶爾會(huì)涉及到它們的用法。在出有關(guān)將來(lái)時(shí)的試題時(shí),有時(shí)會(huì)給出與將來(lái)時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),有時(shí)結(jié)合句型去考查,有時(shí)也沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 【經(jīng)典考例】To a room above the store, where a party ______, some workers were busily setting the table. A. was to be held B. has been held C. will be held D. is being he

12、ld 解析： A本題考查了定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的用法。some workers were busily setting the table說(shuō)明了聚會(huì)還沒(méi)有舉行,所以用was to be held 表示“聚會(huì)將會(huì)被舉行”。而且B、C、D在時(shí)態(tài)上都不正確。 【經(jīng)典考例】I think it is necessary for my 19-year-old son to have his own mobile phone, for I sometimes want to make sure if he ______home for dinner. A. e B. es C. has e

13、 D. will e 解析：答案為D。在賓語(yǔ)從句中，也要根據(jù)題意進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的選擇，本句子的意思是：我想確定他是否要來(lái)吃飯，要用將來(lái)時(shí)。 三、總結(jié)指導(dǎo)： 1．一定要吃透語(yǔ)境,抓住語(yǔ)境中的關(guān)鍵詞去分析判斷,同時(shí)還要能深刻領(lǐng)悟使用各種時(shí)態(tài)的場(chǎng)合及其含義,所以考生要能區(qū)別幾種容易混淆的時(shí)態(tài)。 2．考生做有關(guān)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的試題,應(yīng)該從分析語(yǔ)境入手,確定時(shí)態(tài)背景。要搞清楚時(shí)態(tài)背景是發(fā)生在過(guò)去還是現(xiàn)在,再結(jié)合時(shí)態(tài)的各種用法去分析。 3．做有關(guān)時(shí)態(tài)的試題,首先要熟悉時(shí)態(tài)的含義、與之連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),然后要結(jié)合語(yǔ)境去分析。若有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),抓住關(guān)鍵信息就可得出最佳答案。若沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),就要根據(jù)上下文中其

14、他句子的時(shí)態(tài)去分析 4．學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，且不可脫離實(shí)際運(yùn)用的語(yǔ)言，一味死記硬背語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的條條框框。 5．答題時(shí)，研讀題干，搜索處盡可能多的“時(shí)間參照信息”，尤其是動(dòng)詞冗余信息中的時(shí)間信息。 【鞏固精練】 1.He stepped into the office, _____down and began to fill in the forms. A. sitting B. to sit C. sat D. having it 2.She said she would telephone but we _____from her so far. A .haven’t he

15、ard B. didn’t hear C. hadn’t heard D. won’t hear 3.When I got to the cinema, the film____ for ten minutes. A. has begun B. had begun C. had been on D. was 4.I’ll go with you as soon as I ____my homework. A. will finish B. finish C. am finishing D. finished 5.If it _____tomorrow, I won’t go to t

16、he cinema. A. will rain B. rains C. is raining D. rained 6.She is going to be a nurse when she _____up. A. is going to grow B. grows C. growing D. grew 7.下列四句是“這本書(shū)我已經(jīng)買了三個(gè)月了?！钡挠⒆g文，哪一種不對(duì)？ A.I have had this book for three months. B.I have bought this book for three months. C.I bought this book t

17、hree months ago. D. It is three months since I bought this book. 8.—Have you moved into the new house? —No yet, the rooms_____, A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting 9.—Do you know our town at all? —No, this is the first time I _____here. A. was B. ha

18、ve been C. came D. am ing 10.We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _____office soon. A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left 11.—Can I join the club, Dad? —You can when you ____a bit older. A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have got 12.—_____the sports meet might be

19、put off. —Yes, it all depends on the weather. A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D.I told 13.You don’t need to describe her, I____ her many times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet 14.I don’t think Jim saw me; he ____into space. A. just stared B. was is staring C. has just stared D

20、. had just stared 15.—Who is Jerry Cooper? —_____?I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting. A. Don’t you meet him yet B. Hadn’t you meet him yet C. Didn't’ you meet him yet D. Haven’t you met him yet 答案與簡(jiǎn)析： 1.選C。該句的含義是“他走進(jìn)辦公室，坐下來(lái)然后開(kāi)始填表”。根據(jù)前面的stepped into the office后面的began to fill in

21、the forms這兩個(gè)動(dòng)作能夠推斷出，sat與他們是一個(gè)主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的三個(gè)并列動(dòng)作，故形式應(yīng)一致，也用一般過(guò)去式。 2.選A。 3.選C。在這個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，即“電影開(kāi)演了十分鐘”在“到達(dá)電影院”之前，故主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，又因?yàn)閎egin這個(gè)動(dòng)作無(wú)法延續(xù)，所以用be動(dòng)詞加上副詞on來(lái)表示動(dòng)作的延續(xù)。 4.選B。當(dāng)主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，條件狀語(yǔ)從句和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。 5.選B。 6.選B。 7.選B?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句和段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí)必須用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。本題A、B兩句都是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)肯定句，而且都有

22、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。have是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而buy是瞬時(shí)性動(dòng)詞，所以A對(duì)，B不對(duì)。C、D兩種譯法采用一般過(guò)去式，其兩種說(shuō)說(shuō)法也都是正確的，請(qǐng)同學(xué)們注意這種表達(dá)方法。 8.選A。答話中的not yet，說(shuō)明沒(méi)搬入新房的原因是“房間正在被粉刷?！庇矛F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 9.B。It/This is+序數(shù)詞+time+ that的句型中，that從句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 10.選B。soon這一信息詞告訴考生應(yīng)選擇將來(lái)時(shí)。且主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是made,故用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。全句意思是：“當(dāng)他表明不久將離任時(shí)，我們都覺(jué)得吃驚。” 11.A 12. 選A。原題中的it all depends on the w

23、eather這一信息句可告訴考生，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。 13.選B。強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作“見(jiàn)過(guò)她”對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響“不必再描述她了”，要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 14.選B。這句話可理解為I don’t think Jim saw me at that time, because at that time, he was just staring into space. stare既可作及物動(dòng)詞，也可作不及物動(dòng)詞，意思“凝視，盯著看”。 15.選D。從“Who is Jerry Cooper?”可知，填D項(xiàng)。因?yàn)椋F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，指發(fā)生在過(guò)去的事（下文已告之）與上文一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)有聯(lián)系。