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1、2022年高一英語 Book3 Module4 Sandstorms in Asia Grammar學案
語法:動詞不定式
一、 動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)
1.一般式( ):表示
I hope to go to Shanghai.
2.進行式( ):表示
He pretended to be reading when his mother came into his room.
2、
3.完成式( ):表示
I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
4.一般被動式( ):表示
I am lucky to be asked to speak here.
5.完成被動式( ):表示
The room seemed to have been brok
3、en into.
小結:動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)關鍵要弄清不定式所表示的動作和句子謂語動詞所表示動作的時間先后順序以及動詞不定式和句子主語、賓語或所修飾詞的關系。
二、 動詞不定式的用法
1.動詞不定式作主語
動詞不定式作主語,謂語動詞用第三人稱單數。既可放于句首,也可使用it作形式主語,而將其置于句末。
To ask him for help is necessary.= It is necessary to ask him for help.
2.動詞不定式作賓語
(1)動詞不定式作賓語有兩種情況:一種是及物動詞后直接跟帶to的不定式;另一種是“及物動詞+疑問
4、詞+帶to的不定式”。
I wonder what to do next.
(2)believe,think,consider,feel,make等動詞可用于“動詞+it+adj./n.+to do sth.”句型,其中使用it作形式賓語,而將真正的賓語,即動詞不定式置于句末。
I consider it necessary to make friends with them.
3.動詞不定式作表語
當表語是動詞不定式時,主語也只能是動詞不定式,即主語和表語結構要一致或對稱。
To see is to believe.
4.動詞不定式作定語
動詞不
5、定式作定語,它與所修飾的名詞或代詞可能是主謂關系,也可能是動賓關系。常用在the first,the second,the last,the only和最高級后面作定語。
He was the last one to leave school yesterday.
We have much homework to do everyday.
5.動詞不定式作賓補
在感官動詞feel,hear,notice...及使役動詞have,make,let后的賓語補足語省略to,變成被動語態(tài)時,必須要加上to。
My teacher made me do the experi
6、ment alone.=I was made the experiment alone.
6.動詞不定式作狀語
動詞不定式作狀語,可表示目的、原因、結果等。
I got up early in order to /so as to catch the first bus.( )
He hurried to the post office, only to find it closed.( )
I am glad to see you here.( )
三、 but+不定式
(1)在介詞but前有實意動詞do的某種形式時,其后不定式一般不帶to,反之則必須帶to,表示“不得不,只能”。
(2)構成固定結構,如cannot help but(只能),cannot choose but(別無選擇,只能),cannot but(不得不),do nothing but,have nothing to do but(只有,只能)。這些結構中,but后接不帶to的不定式。
練習:I did nothing but (watch)TV last night.
I had no choice but (wait).