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1、2022屆中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 知識講與練 第28課 動詞的語態(tài)試題課堂突破基本概念語態(tài)（Voice）是動詞的一種形式，用來表明主語與謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。謂語動詞為主動語態(tài)的句子叫主動句，謂語動詞為被動語態(tài)的句子叫被動句。動詞中只有及物動詞有被動語態(tài)。種類英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)（Active Voice）和被動語態(tài)（Passive Voice）。構(gòu)成基本結(jié)構(gòu)被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：be+動詞過去分詞，而對于動詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動結(jié)構(gòu)需將被動式與時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成式“合二為一”，即將被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成中的be看作時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成中的動詞，而將其做相應(yīng)的變化

2、。各種時(shí)態(tài)的主動式和被動式見下表：時(shí)態(tài)主動式被動式一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動詞原形am/is/are+動詞過去分詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)be+v.-ing形式am/is/are being+動詞過去分詞一般將來時(shí)will/be going to+動詞原形will/be going to be+動詞過去分詞一般過去時(shí)動詞過去式was/were+動詞過去分詞過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+v.-ing形式was/were being+動詞過去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+動詞過去分詞have/has been+動詞過去分詞過去將來時(shí)would/was（were） going to+動詞原形would/was（were） go

3、ing to be+動詞過去分詞過去完成時(shí)had+動詞過去分詞had been+動詞過去分詞情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形情態(tài)動詞+be+動詞過去分詞基本用法1. 不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰，或沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)用被動語態(tài)。如：Letters are collected at eight every morning. 信件每天早晨8點(diǎn)被收取。His bike has been stolen. 他的自行車已經(jīng)被偷走了。2. 為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動作的承受者時(shí)用被動語態(tài)。如：The bag was taken away by his elder sister. 那個(gè)包被他姐姐拿走了。The plan h

4、as already been made. 計(jì)劃已經(jīng)制定好了。3. 在上下文中，為了使句子間銜接緊密，常用被動語態(tài)。如：I have a new motorbike. It was given to me as a birthday present by my father. 我有輛新摩托車。它是父親作為生日禮物送給我的。主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換1. 主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí)，應(yīng)注意三個(gè)方面：（1）把主動語態(tài)的賓語改為被動語態(tài)的主語，若是代詞，要變賓格為主格。（2）把主動語態(tài)的謂語動詞改為相應(yīng)的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：be+及物動詞的過去分詞，放在主語之后。（3）把主動語態(tài)的主語改為“by+原主語（若是代

5、詞，要變主格為賓格）”，放在主謂結(jié)構(gòu)之后。在意思明確時(shí)by短語可以省略。如：2. 含有雙賓語的句子由主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí)有兩種情況：（1）把間接賓語改為被動語態(tài)的主語，直接賓語仍留在原來的位置。（2）把直接賓語改為被動語態(tài)的主語，此時(shí)，間接賓語前要加介詞to或for。如：He gave the boy an apple. The boy was given an apple by him. 或An apple was given to the boy by him. 他給了這個(gè)男孩一個(gè)蘋果。3. 若動詞短語是不可分割的整體，改為被動語態(tài)時(shí)，要保持其完整性，介詞或副詞不可漏掉。如：We mus

6、t take good care of the young trees.The young trees must be taken good care of. 我們必須好好照顧這些小樹。4. 主動語態(tài)中感官動詞feel, hear, see, watch等以及某些使役動詞make, have, let后須跟省略to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，改為被動語態(tài)時(shí)，不定式前要加to。如：We saw the children sing that morning. The children were seen to sing that morning. 那天早晨我們看見孩子們唱歌了。5. 有些被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)

7、是習(xí)慣用法。如：It is said that.據(jù)說；It is/was reported that.據(jù)報(bào)道；It is well-known that. 眾所周知；It is believed that. 人們都相信。主動形式表示被動意義的情況1. 某些由及物動詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的不及物動詞，如read, write, clean, wash, draw, cut, open, sell等，常與副詞well, easily, smoothly等連用，且通常用主動結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動意義。如：The pen writes well. 這支鋼筆很好用。2. 動詞need, require, want, dese

8、rve等后接v.-ing的主動結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動意義，相當(dāng)于sth. need（s）/require（s）/want（s）/deserve（s） to be done。如：The car needs cleaning. 這輛汽車需要清洗了。3. 有些動詞如cook, print等，常用主動結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動意義。如：The lunch is cooking. 正在做午飯。4. 某些連系動詞如feel, prove, smell, taste, sound等加上形容詞，也可用主動式表示被動意義。如：The food tastes delicious. 這種食物嘗起來很美味。5. be worth doing

9、意為“值得做”，表示被動含義。如：The book is worth reading. 這本書值得一讀。不用被動語態(tài)的5種情況1. 謂語為連系動詞時(shí)，不用被動語態(tài)。如：He looks fine. 他氣色很好。2. 謂語為不及物動詞（短語）時(shí)，不用被動語態(tài)。如：The war broke out in the end. 戰(zhàn)爭終于爆發(fā)了。I happened to meet him there. 我碰巧在那兒見到了他。3. 賓語為動詞不定式、v.-ing形式或從句，表示主語的一些想法、愛好或愿望時(shí)，一般不用被動語態(tài)。如：He decided to go with us. 他決定跟我們一起去。I

10、want to buy a puter. 我想買一臺電腦。4. 賓語是相互代詞、反身代詞、同源賓語等時(shí)，一般不用被動語態(tài)。如：We should help each other. 我們應(yīng)該相互幫助。He thinks of himself too much. 他為自己考慮得太多。We live a happy life here. 我們在這兒過著幸福的生活。5. 賓語表示處所、地點(diǎn)時(shí)，一般不用被動語態(tài)。如：We will reach the station in two hours. 我們兩個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)就到站了。He has gone to London. 他去倫敦了。當(dāng)堂檢測一、用所給動詞的適當(dāng)

11、形式填空。1. （xx臺州）I handed in my test paper and the last question_ （leave） unanswered.2. You may go fishing if your work_ （do）.3. A terrorist attack_（happen）at Kunming Railway Station, and 29 people_ （kill） in the event.4. Although everyone wants to succeed in what he tries to do, sometimes failure cant

12、_ （avoid）.5. How soon_ all the work_（finish）?In a week.6. Tell me one thing youre proud of in your junior high school.I was_（choose） as captain of the school football team.7. I will finish the work if I_（give） another ten minutes.二、用方框中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，每詞限用一次。（xx諸暨中考模擬） among mad two my separate 1. Althou

13、gh Janes schoolbag is very nice, I still prefer_.2. Tom is such a lazy boy that he exercises only a year.3. Nowadays, many students are_ from each other by iPads.4. Heart trouble is the most serious reason of death_ old people.5. How strange he is!Maybe he is the_ man I have ever seen.三、任務(wù)型閱讀。（xx湖州市

14、南潯區(qū)中考模擬）下面是Maria的一封求職信。假設(shè)你是經(jīng)理Mr. Green，請根據(jù)求職信內(nèi)容，完成Maria的應(yīng)聘條件分析圖（每空限填一詞）。Dear Mr. Green,I am attracted by your advertisement（廣告） and I would like to work with you from July to September.I am a 19-year-old Portuguese（葡萄牙的） student and now I am studying at Porto University, in the north of Portugal. I

15、have studied English since I was 8 years old, so I can speak English very well. I have been to England twice where I attended two summer courses.I feel I would be suitable（合適的） for the job. I love children and I am good at playing with them. So I am popular with the children. Besides, I love sports

16、and I exercise every day, so I can take part in any sports activities.I have some work experience and have already done a few part-time jobs during summer holidays. Last summer I worked in a primary school to take care of school children while some teachers were on holiday. I also babysit for my nei

17、ghbors when they need help.I am looking forward to your reply.Yours,Maria Gonzales參考答案當(dāng)堂檢測一、1. was left 2. is done 3. happened, were killed4. be avoided5. is, going to be finished 【解析】問句的主語是all the work，所以應(yīng)該用被動語態(tài)，且由how soon可知應(yīng)該用一般將來時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。6. chosen 7. am given二、1. mine 2. twice 3. separated 4. among 5. maddest三、1. student 2. England 3. well 4. experience