《（江蘇專用）2019高考英語(yǔ)二輪增分策略 專題三 閱讀理解 第二節(jié) 分類突破 11 主旨大意-文章 段落大意題優(yōu)選習(xí)題》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《（江蘇專用）2019高考英語(yǔ)二輪增分策略 專題三 閱讀理解 第二節(jié) 分類突破 11 主旨大意-文章 段落大意題優(yōu)選習(xí)題（20頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、十一、主旨大意 文章/ 段落大意題(2018江蘇，B)In the 1760s，Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享有) a special meat soup called consomm.Although the main attraction was the soup，Rozes chain shops also set a new standard for dining out，which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restauran

2、t.Today，scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants.Take visual hints that influence what we eat：diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食) when their plates matched their food.When a dark-colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a whi

3、te one，customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.Lighting matters，too.When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness，they couldnt tell how much theyd had：those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else，but were none the wiserthey didnt feel fuller，and they were just as ready for

4、 dessert.Time is money，but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants.Unlike fast-food places，fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend.One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round：put on some Mozart(莫扎特)When classical，rather than

5、pop，music was playing，diners spent more.Fast music hurried diners out.Particular scents also have an effect：diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草) stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon，or no scent.Meanwhile，things that you might expect to discourage spending“bad” tables，crowdi

6、ng，high pricesdont necessarily.Diners at bad tablesnext to the kitchen door，sayspent nearly as much as others but soon fled.It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned about bad tables”， given that theyre profitable.As for crowds，a Hong Kong study found that they increa

7、sed a restaurants reputation，suggesting great food at fair prices.And doubling a buffets price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。它主要通過(guò)引入現(xiàn)代餐館的鼻祖馬蒂蘭羅茲制訂的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及學(xué)者對(duì)于餐館的研究來(lái)介紹現(xiàn)代餐館在經(jīng)營(yíng)中影響食客消費(fèi)的幾個(gè)要素：視覺(jué)要素(餐具、燈光)、聽(tīng)覺(jué)要素(音樂(lè))、嗅覺(jué)要素(氣味)、其他要素(桌位、擁擠程度和價(jià)格)。素材旨在通過(guò)現(xiàn)代餐館的經(jīng)營(yíng)理念，讓考生了解西方現(xiàn)代餐館的

8、經(jīng)營(yíng)之道。58The underlined phrase “none the wiser” in Paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were .Anot aware of eating more than usual Bnot willing to share food with othersCnot conscious of the food quality Dnot fond of the food provided答案A解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中的“.those given extra-large shares a

9、te more than everyone else，but were none the wiserthey didnt feel fuller.”可知，那些被給以大份飯菜的食客比其他人吃得多，但他們沒(méi)有飽腹感，這說(shuō)明在黑暗的就餐環(huán)境下，食客并沒(méi)有意識(shí)到自己比平時(shí)吃得多，所以none the wiser意為“不清楚，不知道”。故選A項(xiàng)。59How could a fine dining shop make more profit?APlaying classical music.BIntroducing lemon scent.CMaking the light brighter.DUsing

10、 plates of larger size.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“When classical，rather than pop，music was playing，diners spent more.”可知，當(dāng)演奏古典音樂(lè)而不是流行音樂(lè)的時(shí)候，食客們會(huì)花更多的錢。spent more就是對(duì)題干中make more profit的語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)化。故選A項(xiàng)。60What does the last paragraph talk about?ATips to attract more customers.BProblems restaurants are faced with.CWays

11、 to improve restaurants reputation.DCommon misunderstandings about restaurants.答案D解析段落大意題。根據(jù)最后一段首句“Meanwhile，things that you might expect to discourage spendingbadtables，crowding，high pricesdont necessarily.”可知，你可能認(rèn)為會(huì)打消你消費(fèi)的念頭的東西位置“不好”的桌位、擁擠和價(jià)格高未必如此(指在某些人看來(lái)，這些不利因素未必不會(huì)帶來(lái)利潤(rùn)的增加)。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為這些對(duì)于餐館的常見(jiàn)的觀點(diǎn)是一種

12、誤解，故選D項(xiàng)。一、文章大意題的題型解讀說(shuō)明文、記敘文、議論文三種文體涉及的多種話題如社會(huì)文化類、人物故事類、科普說(shuō)明類，多會(huì)考查文章大意類題。設(shè)問(wèn)形式常有：(1)What is the main theme/topic/idea of this passage?(2)The passage is mainly about .(3)The general/main idea of the passage is .(4)The passage mainly focuses on .二、文章大意題的解題技巧“主題句定位”尋主旨文章是由段落組成的。段落的主題就是段落的中心思想，具體段落的中心思想又是

13、為文章整體中心思想服務(wù)的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具體段落中心的基礎(chǔ)上的。找出每小段的主題句，各段的主題句常在該段的首句或尾句，各段主題句的整體歸納便是文章的中心思想。有的文章無(wú)明顯主題句，主題句隱含在段意之中，這就需要進(jìn)一步加工概括。觀察全文的結(jié)構(gòu)安排，理解文章的“重心”和支撐性細(xì)節(jié)。主題句的位置一般有以下幾種：(1)主題句出現(xiàn)在文首。開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山，提出主題，用細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)解釋或拓展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想，是最常見(jiàn)的演繹法寫作方式。新聞報(bào)道、說(shuō)明文或議論文通常采用這種寫法。(2)主題句出現(xiàn)在文末。在表述細(xì)節(jié)后，歸納要點(diǎn)以概括主題，是最常見(jiàn)的歸納法寫作方式。(3)主題句首尾呼應(yīng)。為突出主

14、題，作者先提出主題，結(jié)束時(shí)再次點(diǎn)出主題。(4)主題句出現(xiàn)在中間。寫作方式為：細(xì)節(jié)描述歸納主題進(jìn)一步解釋。以下是找主題句的四個(gè)小竅門：1段落中出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語(yǔ)(如however，but，in fact，actually等)時(shí)，該句很可能是主題句。2首段出現(xiàn)疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，對(duì)該問(wèn)題的回答很可能就是文章主旨。3作者有意識(shí)地重復(fù)的觀點(diǎn)，通常是主旨；反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語(yǔ)，一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。4表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的句子常包含therefore，thus，in short，conclude，conclusion等詞。三、段落大意題的題型解讀段落大意類題型多在說(shuō)明文和議論文中所涉及的各類話題如社會(huì)文化類、科普說(shuō)明類

15、等進(jìn)行考查。設(shè)問(wèn)形式常有：(1)The main idea of the second paragraph probably is .(2)What is the main idea of the first paragraph?(3)The first paragraph is mainly about .四、段落大意題的解題技巧(1)段首：說(shuō)明文和議論文中的主題句常在段首句(2)段尾：先表述細(xì)節(jié)，后歸納概括，段落中心在段尾(3)段中間：先用一句或幾句話引出要表達(dá)的主題，再陳述主題，再論述細(xì)節(jié)，即引出主題段落中心再論述(4)沒(méi)有明顯段落中心時(shí)，需概括段落內(nèi)容，總結(jié)段落中心例如：真題感悟中第6

16、0題，根據(jù)文章最后一段首句“Meanwhile，things that you might expect to discourage spendingbad tables，crowding，high pricesdont necessarily.”可知，你可能認(rèn)為會(huì)打消你消費(fèi)的念頭的東西位置“不好”的桌位、擁擠和價(jià)格高未必如此(指在某些人看來(lái)，這些不利因素未必不會(huì)帶來(lái)利潤(rùn)的增加)。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為這些對(duì)于餐館的常見(jiàn)的觀點(diǎn)是一種誤解，故選D項(xiàng)。AMost of us have lost our wallet at some stage in our lives.But few would im

17、agine having it returned after a nearly seven-decade gap.Edward Parker dropped his wallet in 1950 into an inaccessible spot behind a bookshelf，while working as an electrician，repairing World War Two bomb damage in the palace.The wallet stayed there until this year when a builder，doing some 1restorat

18、ion work，finally found it.The wallet is a time capsule.Its leather and webbing has long ago started to disintegrate.But it contains numerous pictures of family，invoices(發(fā)票)，receipts，old union cards，results of a chest X-ray (sent to him in 1948，the same year as the NHS was founded)，a national service

19、 card dated 9 December 1944 and a medical insurance card.His business cardsE Parker，Electrical Contractorseem almost original.Reflecting the typical methods of contact of the time，they have an address but no telephone number.A month ago I was speaking to a 8press officer at Lambeth Palace and he men

20、tioned that the wallet had just been handed in.We thought it might be nice to try and work out whose it was and give it back to the family.Edward Parker is a pretty common name，but his medical card contained two places of residencePoets Road and Springdale Road in north London.From this，Islington Co

21、uncil were able to find details of a marriage between Edward Parker and Constance Butler in 1947.That information was enough to work out that he was still alive and in a care home in Essex，so I went to visit him.Now 89，Edward has dementia(癡呆)，but he was clearly happy to get the wallet and in particu

22、lar，the photographs back.He pointed out pictures of his mother and father，his brother，his cousins and his wife Constance，who was with him when I visited.“He hadnt seen a picture of his father since he lost the wallet，” Constance,90，says.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，介紹了一個(gè)物歸原主的故事。愛(ài)德華帕克曾是一名電工，他于1950年維修因二戰(zhàn)受損的宮廷時(shí)，不慎將錢包

23、丟失。直到今年，錢包被一名宮廷修復(fù)工人發(fā)現(xiàn)。錢包里的物品充滿了那個(gè)年代的回憶，89歲的愛(ài)德華帕克重新拿到錢包，非常開(kāi)心。1We can possibly infer that Edward Parker .Aonce worked as an electrical technicianBalways lost his walletConce participated in World War Donce worked as a restoration builder答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Edward Parker dropped his wallet in 1950 into

24、 an inaccessible spot behind a bookshelf，while working as an electrician，repairing World War Two bomb damage in the palace.”可知，Edward Parker曾是一名electrician(電工)，因此A項(xiàng)正確。2Whats the main idea of the second paragraph?AThe material of the wallet.BThe producer of the wallet.CThe 9contents of the wallet.DTh

25、e shape of the wallet.答案C解析段落大意題。本題適合用排除法。A項(xiàng)錢包的材質(zhì)；B項(xiàng)錢包的制造商；C項(xiàng)錢包里的東西；D項(xiàng)錢包的外形。根據(jù)文章第二段，其中提到了錢包的外皮及邊線已破損，錢包里有pictures of family(家人照片)，invoices(發(fā)票)，receipts(收據(jù))，old union cards(工會(huì)卡)，results of a chest X-ray(胸片報(bào)告)，a national service card(服務(wù)卡)，a medical insurance card(醫(yī)?？?，business cards(名片)等物品，可知A項(xiàng)表述片面，B、

26、D項(xiàng)未提及，僅C項(xiàng)符合題意。故選C。3What does the underlined word “disintegrate” in the second paragraph mean?A2Maintain. BDamage.CDisappear. DDestroy.答案B解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“But it contains.(但是，錢包里有)”可知，錢包外皮還在，排除C、D項(xiàng)，A項(xiàng)“維護(hù)”，不符合文意；B項(xiàng)“損壞”，根據(jù)第二段前兩句可知，“雖然錢包的外皮及邊線已破損，但里面有”，符合題意。故選B。4What plays a key role in returning the wa

27、llet to its owner?ABusiness card. BNational service card.COld union card. DMedical card.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第三句中的“but his medical card contained two places of residence”可知，他的醫(yī)保卡上有兩個(gè)住址，此處明確了醫(yī)保卡是找到主人的關(guān)鍵物品。故選D。BIn third-world countries such as Swaziland and Haiti，a 15-dollar invention is making a world of

28、difference.Nokero，a company started by Brian Rants，sells lamps that do not require kerosene(煤油)These solar lamps have become a staple(主流產(chǎn)品) in countries in Africa，to provide light for reading and safety at night.Nokero has sold over 500,000 lamps in over 120 countries since it was first founded in 2

29、010 and Rants thinks the demand for his product will only continue to increase.Most lamps found in third-world countries 3currently require kerosene to run，but kerosene causes indoor pollution and has been linked to fires that have caused over a million deaths.Instead of experiencing the effects of

30、smoking 40 cigarettes a day from kerosene lamps，Rants thinks his solar lamps could be the answer for third-world countries.The Economist agrees，calling solar lights “the next big 4innovation for the worlds poor”Nokeros solar lamps are higher in quality and less expensive than a lot of solar technolo

31、gy，making them a practical 6option for many people in third-world countries.Rather than giving solar lamps to individuals in need，Nokeros 7mission is to make them 5affordable.Through research Rants has realized that individuals who buy a solar product would take better care of it and value it more t

32、han if they received it for free.Families who buy Nokeros solar lamps make up the cost in just a few months of not having to buy kerosene or pay for off-the-grid electricity.Some activists have attacked companies such as Nokero for selling products to the poor rather than simply giving them out for

33、free.They argue that these companies unfairly profit from the poor.However，Rants disagrees.Families receive a product that is much higher in quality than what they might receive for free and feel a sense of ownership having purchased it for themselves.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文主要介紹了由Nokero公司發(fā)明的不需要煤油的太陽(yáng)能燈具，這些太陽(yáng)能燈已經(jīng)成為非洲國(guó)

34、家的主流產(chǎn)品，為夜間的閱讀和安全提供照明。5What do we know about the solar lamps in the passage?AThey save energy and cause no pollution.BThey equal the effect of 40 cigarettes a day.CThey are given to the individuals free of charge.DThey help to save kerosene in third-world countries.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段末句“Most lamps found

35、 in third-world countries currently require kerosene to run，but kerosene causes indoor pollution and has been linked to fires that have caused over a million deaths.”可知，這種太陽(yáng)能燈既節(jié)約能源，又沒(méi)有污染。故選A。6According to Rants，if the poor are given the lamps for free，they .Awill have to pay for kerosene or electric

36、ityBwont take good care of or value the lampsCwill feel a sense of ownership of the lampsDwont help to increase the sales of the lamps答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Through research Rants has realized that individuals who buy a solar product would take better care of it and value it more than if they received

37、it for free.”可知，如果免費(fèi)送給窮人這種燈，他們就不會(huì)好好珍惜它們了。故選B。7What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?AAn innovation of the world.BAdvantages of the solar lights.CSolution to worlds poverty problems.DHeavy pollution caused by kerosene lamps.答案B解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段所說(shuō)Nokero的太陽(yáng)能燈質(zhì)量更好，價(jià)格也比很多太陽(yáng)能技術(shù)的燈便宜，適合發(fā)展中國(guó)家的人們使用，所以可知該段主要介紹了這種太陽(yáng)能燈的優(yōu)

38、點(diǎn)。故選B。.障礙詞匯突破(一)閱讀下列句子，并根據(jù)句意猜測(cè)畫線部分的意思1Wed better do some restoration work to something such as an old building or a piece of furniture，so that it looks the same as it originally was.恢復(fù)，復(fù)原2Careers Officers still maintain contact with young people when they have left school.維持；保持3The matter which has

39、been confusing us is currently being discussed among many experts in the meeting room.目前，現(xiàn)在4We must promote originality，inspire creativity and encourage innovation.改革，革新5We thus have full belief in personal genomics and personalised medicine that they will certainly be affordable to most people in d

40、eveloping countries.支付得起(二)同義詞語(yǔ)替換6Criminals are given the option of going to jail or facing public humiliation.choice7He was sent on over 200 missions before being killed in action.assignments(三)一詞多義8press vt.壓，按；逼迫；vi.重壓；n.壓，按；報(bào)刊；印刷媒體；報(bào)道；評(píng)論；記者；新聞工作者；出版社；印刷機(jī)(1)Dont press your opinions upon her.逼迫(2)

41、Press this button to start the engine.壓，按(3)To judge from the press，the concert was a great success.報(bào)道；評(píng)論(4)Christie looked relaxed and calm as she faced the press afterwards.記者(5) A press or a printing press is a machine used for printing things such as books and newspapers.印刷機(jī)9content n內(nèi)容；目錄；容量，含量

42、；滿足；滿意；adj.滿意的；vt.使?jié)M足(1) Im perfectly content with the way the campaign has gone.滿意的(2)Sunflower margarine has the same fat content as butter.含量，容量(3) She is reluctant to discuss the contents of the play.內(nèi)容(4)You have to content yourself with what you have.使?jié)M足.長(zhǎng)難句理解1Edward Parker dropped his wallet

43、in 1950 into an inaccessible spot behind a bookshelf，while working as an electrician，repairing World War Two bomb damage in the palace.句式分析本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，句子的主干部分是Edward Parker dropped his wallet；in 1950作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)； into an inaccessible spot behind a bookshelf作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)；while working as an electrician，repairing World

44、 War Two bomb damage in the palace為while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。精美譯文愛(ài)德華帕克在1950年作為電工維修王宮中二戰(zhàn)中炸彈炸毀處時(shí)，把錢包掉在了書櫥后面很難發(fā)現(xiàn)的地方。2Through research Rants has realized that individuals who buy a solar product would take better care of it and value it more than if they received it for free.句式分析本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，that individuals who buy a

45、 solar product would take better care of it and value it more than if they received it for free為賓語(yǔ)從句，其中又含有一個(gè)who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。精美譯文通過(guò)調(diào)查研究，蘭特意識(shí)到那些個(gè)體購(gòu)買太陽(yáng)能產(chǎn)品比免費(fèi)得到這些產(chǎn)品，能更好地照顧和珍惜這些東西。專題強(qiáng)化練(二十五).單項(xiàng)填空1 many people said the smartphone made their lives easier，others pointed out its shortcomings.AIf BOnceCUnless DWhi

46、le答案D解析句意為：雖然很多人說(shuō)智能手機(jī)讓他們的生活更輕松，但也有人指出了它的缺點(diǎn)。if如果；once一旦；unless除非。前后句之間是讓步關(guān)系，while在此是從屬連詞，意為“雖然，盡管”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。2Exerciseor at least get moving，which helps the blood to and gets ideas moving around.Acirculate BtransformCaccelerate Ddevelop答案A解析句意為：做鍛煉，至少(身體)活動(dòng)一下，有助于血液循環(huán)，想出好主意。circulate傳播，循環(huán)；transform轉(zhuǎn)變，改

47、變；accelerate加速，促進(jìn)；develop發(fā)展，形成。故選A。3A large quantity of books and newspapers in foreign languages up to now，not to mention those in Chinese.Ahas been subscribed toBhave been subscribed toChad been subscribed toDis subscribed to答案B解析句意為：到目前為止，大量的外語(yǔ)書籍和報(bào)紙已經(jīng)被訂閱了，更別提那些中文的。主語(yǔ)是books and newspapers，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，且主

48、謂之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且由up to now可知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選B。4Do you have any shoes which my jacket?Im afraid not.But you may have more choices.Aagree with Bbegin withCgo with Dcompare with答案C解析句意為：有和我?jiàn)A克相配的鞋嗎？恐怕沒(méi)有了。但是你可以有更多的選擇。agree with與某人(觀點(diǎn))一致，同意(贊同)某人的意見(jiàn)；begin with以開(kāi)始，從開(kāi)始；go with相伴，跟相配；compare with(把)與相比，比得上，可與相比，比較。故選C。5

49、The argument arouses quite in society it is good to cancel English test in the College Entrance Examination.Awhy BwhereCwhat Dwhether答案D解析句意為：在高考中取消英語(yǔ)考試是否有好處，這常常引起社會(huì)的爭(zhēng)論。whether在此處引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，故選D。6The retired teacher said，“By the year 2020，my savings off all my debts.”Awill have paid Bwould have paidChav

50、e paid Dhad paid答案A解析句意為：這位退休教師說(shuō)，“到2020年，我的存款將還清我所有的債務(wù)?！睂?lái)完成時(shí)表示“到將來(lái)某時(shí)之前或某動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。7What Im going to say may offend some sensitive listeners at the meeting， I offer my apologies in advance.Afrom whom Bfor whomCto whom Dtowards whom答案C解析句意為：我的發(fā)言可能會(huì)冒犯一些敏感的聽(tīng)眾，我事先向這些人致歉。offer sth.to sb.是固定

51、搭配。這是“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。故選C。8Our country has successfully established the temporary space lab，which proves that，with and determination，all obstacles can be overcome.Arequirement BcommitmentCextension Ddistinction答案B解析句意為：我國(guó)已成功建立了臨時(shí)太空實(shí)驗(yàn)室，這證明，有了投入和決心，所有的障礙都能被克服。requirement要求；commitment投入，奉獻(xiàn)；extension延期，延

52、伸；distinction區(qū)別，差別。故選B。9As has been a consensus，though someone has different opinions，that under no circumstances any practice of dividing China.Amay we accept Bwe may acceptCwe could accept Ddid we accept答案A解析句意為：盡管有人有不同意見(jiàn)，但是我們絕不可以接受任何分裂中國(guó)的行徑，這一點(diǎn)已形成共識(shí)。under no circumstances“決不”，當(dāng)其位于句首時(shí)，句子要部分倒裝。由語(yǔ)境可

53、知應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，排除D項(xiàng)。故選A。10Is this your favorite?The new kind of computer is OK style，but its a bit out of color，Im afraid.Ain spite of Bregardless ofCin terms of Dfor the sake of答案C解析句意為：這是你的最愛(ài)嗎？這種新型電腦在款式方面沒(méi)有問(wèn)題，但是顏色恐怕有點(diǎn)過(guò)時(shí)了。in spite of雖然，盡管；regardless of不管，不顧；in terms of根據(jù)，就而言；for the sake of為了的緣故。根據(jù)句意，C項(xiàng)是

54、最佳答案。.閱讀理解AMaj Rundlf remembers the moment she changed her mind about neonicotinoidsthe worlds most widely used pesticides(殺蟲劑)In December 2013，in her office at Lund University in Sweden，she and postdoctor Georg Andersson were looking at data from their latest study.It was designed to test what woul

55、d happen to bees if they fed on crops treated with neonicotinoids.“I didnt expect to see any effect at all，to be honest，” says Rundlf.Honeybees werent greatly affected by the chemicals in crops，the study suggested.But the data on bumblebees told a different story.Bumblebee colonies that hadnt fed on

56、 the treated crops looked normal：they were packing on weight to survive the winter.But in the colonies exposed to neonicotinoids，the growth chart was a fat line.When the Swedish study was published in April 2015，it made headlines around the world.It was the first to show that neonicotinoidsknown as

57、neonicscould harm bees in a real-world farming situation.Bee populations are declining in many parts of the globe，a worrying sign for the crops and wild plants that rely on these bees for their survival.Parasites(寄生蟲)，diseases and shrinking food resources are all prime suspects.But a link to neonics

58、 has become a major flashpoint.Even before Rundlfs results were revealed，the European Union had placed heavy restrictions on three most widely used neonics in flowering cropsplants that might be attractive to beesamong rising concerns that the chemicals might harm pollinators(傳粉者)But farmers，the agr

59、ochemical industry and some scientists pointed out that these were based on limited evidence，gathered mostly from lab tests.Since Rundlfs paper，studies showing real-world evidence of harm from pesticides in the field have been mountingand environmental organizations have demanded wide-ranging bans.R

60、egulatory agencies will soon decide what to do about neonics，which have a global market worth more than US 1.5 billion per year.This month，the EUs European Food Safety Authority is due to complete a re-evaluation of evidence for restricting neonics；the EU will then need to decide what action to take

61、.France has passed a law that would ban neonics in 2018.But industry groups and some scientists say the evidence still isnt conclusive.The picture in complicated：some studies show harm to some bees in some circumstances，while others find no harm.The results seem to be affected by many factors，includ

62、ing the species of bees and the kinds of crops involved.Scientists working on the question say any new study is instantly picked at by advocates on both sides.Even the results of the largest study on the matter，funded by the agrochemical industry，failed to produce a consensus.Its likely that politic

63、al or regulatory decisions will settle the matter before opposing parties agree.11Maj Rundlfs study suggests that .Aneonicotinoids are linked to bee declinesBbumblebees are threatened with cold winterChoneybees are at no risk from neonicotinoidsDneonicotinoids are harmful to bees as expected答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，新煙堿類農(nóng)藥對(duì)蜜蜂的影響比較小，但是對(duì)大黃蜂的影響比較大。所以殺蟲劑與蜂類數(shù)量的減少是有關(guān)的。12Why does the d