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1、四、推理判斷 細節(jié)推斷題It was already midnight and I was walking quickly out of Recovery Room，knowing I had to be back early next morning.Though in a hurry，I noticed a lone woman with an anxious look on her face.As it turned out，her daughter-in-law had just been transferred to Intensive Care，so I decided to ta

2、ke her up there.Down the hall，she stated，“I bet youre trying to leave，arent you？” I confirmed her observation，adding that it was quite all right.We soon arrived，and upon talking with the patients nurse，I was able to let her in right away.She turned to me and said，“Thank you，you will be blessed.”The

3、next day，on my way home after my day shift，I noticed a voice mail from my sister in Rochester，which gave me an uneasy feeling.I had to pull off the road as I listened to her message：“Mom had a stroke；shes in the hospital and the Neurologist said it doesnt look good.” My mind darted back to the words

4、 I had heard the night before as I cried out with anger：“This is a blessing？”The following day I flew up to Rochester.My brother picked me up from the airport and we soon arrived at the hospital.I walked into my moms room and she looked as if I had never seen her before.Her usual bright smile was re

5、placed with a look of emptiness.All at once the cruel reality of the signs and symptoms of a fresh stroke were there，but I wasnt the instructor，I was just a family member. My mom seemed to recognize me，and I fought back tears as I told her how much I loved her.Over the next five days，my mom made une

6、xpected progress，as she began to speak a few words，slowly and almost painfully.With each milestone，it seemed the nurses and aides were almost as excited as we were.Everyone，without exception，treated my mom with kindness and compassion.I think the event that will stay in my memory forever occurred on

7、 my moms fourth day.It was time to repeat the swallowing study to assess if my mom could start eating.All four of us siblings hung together in the waiting room，nervous，our eyes shifting constantly to the door of 2607，anticipating and desperately hoping for good news.As her door opened，the therapist

8、came out with a smile；we instantly knew she had good news，and we collectively breathed a sigh of relief.Five days after her stroke，my mom was ready for transfer to a rehabilitation facility，and I was headed back down South.With a very heavy heart，I said goodbye to my mom and the staff from the Strok

9、e Unit.On the way back home，I had plenty of time to think about my own experiences as a Recovery Room nurse.I could envision the smiles on so many of the faces of our patients as they leave our unit.I was also reminded of the fact that we as health care givers have a certain power：we can add to the

10、stress of a patients hospital experience，or we can be the one ray of sunshine that leaves a smile on their face.Truly，there will always be the pain of knowing that my mom had a stroke，but my memories will always be tempered by the thoughtful care she received in the Stroke Unit.I have since reflecte

11、d on the words of gratitude spoken to me a week earlier by the visitor I took to the ICU.Yes，I was blessed；it was the kind of blessing that will warm my heart forever.語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文，作者的母親輕度中風(fēng)，作者表現(xiàn)出無助，在醫(yī)院里每個人和病人的共鳴產(chǎn)生與眾不同的效果，母親康復(fù)，作者永遠記住這溫暖的祝福。1What actually made the author uneasy?AThat she had to listen

12、 to a voice mail from her sister.BThat she didnt believe the blessing she had heard.CThat she sensed something wrong with her mom.DThat she must fly up to Rochester the next day.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“The next day，on my way home after my day shift，I noticed a voice mail from my sister in Rochester，which

13、 gave me an uneasy feeling.I had to pull off the road as I listened to her message：Mom had a stroke；shes in the hospital.”可知，是她感覺媽媽可能身體不舒服，這使她不安。故選C。2By “I wasnt the instructor，I was just a family member”，the author was trying to show .Asympathy BhelplessnessCanger Drespect答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“All

14、at once the cruel reality of the signs and symptoms of a fresh stroke were there，but I wasnt the instructor，I was just a family member.”可知，作者感到非常無助。故選B。3What can we infer from Paragraph 4?AStroke recovery usually takes five days.BEmpathy(共鳴) with patients makes a difference.CThe author has been ment

15、ally prepared.DHer mothers case was beyond expectation.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第三、四句“With each milestone，it seemed the nurses and aides were almost as excited as we were.Everyone，without exception，treated my mom with kindness and compassion.I think the event that will stay in my memory forever occurred on m

16、y moms fourth day.”可知，和病人的共鳴會產(chǎn)生與眾不同的效果。故選B。4According to the passage，the author ended with a blessing.Aspiritual BmixedCdisguised Dmaterial答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Yes，I was blessed；it was the kind of blessing that will warm my heart forever.”可知，作者以一種精神上的祝福而結(jié)束。故選A。一、題型解讀細節(jié)推理判斷題要求考生根據(jù)語篇內(nèi)容，推斷具體細節(jié)，如時間、地點、

17、人物關(guān)系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根據(jù)短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常識進行推理判斷?？忌挥姓_把握文章的內(nèi)在關(guān)系，理解文章的真正含義，才可能作出準確的推斷。題干主要包括六個動詞：infer(推斷)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，conclude(作出結(jié)論)和assume(假定，設(shè)想)。該類型的命題方式常常以下列形式呈現(xiàn)：1It can be inferred from the text that .2We can learn from the passage that .3It can be concluded from the passage

18、that .4The writer/author indicates/suggests/implies that .二、解題技巧關(guān)鍵詞句細推敲第一步：定位細節(jié)根據(jù)題干提供的信息，抓住某一段話的關(guān)鍵信息(關(guān)鍵詞語)。第二步：揣摩細節(jié)對原文中的信息進行分析，推理判斷，利用逆向思維和正向推理，從而推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。注意：1.切勿拿文章中的某一個細節(jié)內(nèi)容作為推理的結(jié)論。2勿脫離原文而憑個人看法主觀臆斷。例如：感悟體會中的3題：根據(jù)第四段第三、四句“With each milestone，it seemed the nurses and aides were almost as excite

19、d as we were.Everyone，without exception，treated my mom with kindness and compassion.I think the event that will stay in my memory forever occurred on my moms fourth day.”可知，和病人的共鳴會產(chǎn)生與眾不同的效果。故選B。AFive weeks ago I had a total hip replacement surgery(髖關(guān)節(jié)置換手術(shù))In Canada，we have great healthcare system.Th

20、at means we get our new hips for free.My hip had been hurting me for years before I went to the doctor.Of course，it was free.She referred me to a surgeon，but the earliest appointment was in 10 months.That is what being free gets you.Ten months later，after some free X-rays，the surgeon told me I neede

21、d a surgery，which was about an 18-month wait，for some senior citizens had been on the operation list.Another 18 months! I dragged myself out of the surgeons office.Walking through the hospital，I thought about the situation.As the 1breadwinner of a large family，I couldnt wait that long，so I had to ge

22、t to the front line.I was fully aware of what a Canadian should be like (Canadians are usually considered gentle and caring)，but this time I really needed to fight for myself.At that very moment，in the shop window of the hospital，I saw a sign which read，“Volunteers Needed.” Suddenly，an idea occurred

23、 to meI would get the job.Fortunately，they 2signed me up immediately because the average age of the volunteers at the hospital was 75.They were desperate for some young blood.Every Friday morning，I was at the shop.While seeing the hospital 5staff，Id 3casually ask，“What do you do？” Then Id tell them，

24、“Well，Im getting my hip replacedin 18 months.Its going to be so great when the pain stops.” Soon，all the staff got to know me.Naturally，in my next appointment，the surgeon recognized me.Moments later，I had a surgery date just weeks away.I had to say it was actually my volunteering that got me to the

25、front of the line.And Im not ashamed of it，for I intend to stick with the volunteering.Also，even when I cheated the system，I did it in a way that benefits society.語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。作者需要做髖關(guān)節(jié)置換手術(shù)，在加拿大這種手術(shù)是免費的，但是需要等待很長時間，作者不能等待那么長的時間。于是她開始做志愿者接觸醫(yī)院的人，最終外科的員工也認識了作者，提前為她做了手術(shù)。作者認為盡管她欺騙了制度，但是她是以一種有益于社會的方式來做的這件事，

26、是一筆公平的交易。1What can we infer from the second paragraph?AShe felt rather disappointed.BShe couldnt walk because of the pain.CShe was too scared to have the surgery.DShe didnt believe what the surgeon said.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第三句“She referred me to a surgeon，but the earliest appointment was in 10 months.”和

27、最后兩句“Another 18 months! I dragged myself out of the surgeons office.”可知，作者要免費做髖關(guān)節(jié)置換手術(shù)需要等待很長時間，作者慢吞吞地走出外科門診。因此推斷她感到非常失望。故選A。2Why did the writer decide to be a volunteer?ATo donate blood to the hospital.BTo get her new hip free of charge.CTo receive some tiny gifts from others.DTo approach the doctor

28、for an early surgery.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，作者做志愿活動時，看到醫(yī)院里的職員就和他們閑談，告訴他們自己非常希望做髖關(guān)節(jié)置換手術(shù)，很快，所有的員工都認識了她，自然外科的員工也認識了她，數(shù)周之后，她就進行了手術(shù)。因此推斷作者做志愿者是為了接近醫(yī)生早做手術(shù)。故選D。3What did the author think of her cheating?AIt was a shame. BIt was a pride.CIt was beneficial. DIt was a fair 7deal.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句“And Im

29、not ashamed of it，for I intend to stick with the volunteering.Also，even when I cheated the system，I did it in a way that benefits society.”可知，作者并不感到羞愧，因為即使她欺騙了系統(tǒng)，她也是以一種有益于社會的方式來做的這件事。因此推斷作者認為她的欺騙是一筆公平的交易。故選D。4Which can be the best title for the text?AHow I Got My New HipBThe Doctor Who Saved My Life

30、CHow to Be a Volunteer in HospitalDThe Problem of Canada Healthcare System答案A解析標題歸納題。縱觀全文可知，作者需要做髖關(guān)節(jié)置換手術(shù)，在加拿大這種手術(shù)是免費的，但是需要等待很長時間，作者不能等待那么長的時間。于是她開始做志愿者接觸醫(yī)院的人，最終外科的員工也認識了作者，提前為她做了手術(shù)。作者認為盡管她欺騙了制度，但是她是以一種有益于社會的方式來做的這件事，是一筆公平的交易。因此推斷A項“我如何得到我的新髖關(guān)節(jié)的”為最佳標題。故選A。 BRecycling is essential in todays world.The

31、most important reason for this is that human progress and industry have made it possible for people to have lots of things，and when people have many material possessions，they are bound to throw some of them away.This creates a lot of garbage which in turn destroys the environment.Recycling is a way

32、for us to keep the world clean as 8items are broken down and used again，preventing the littering of the environment.Instead of throwing all your garbage into the trash can，you should separate paper，metal，glass，and plastic into different containers.Compost should also be recycled as this is excellent

33、 food for farm animals and also makes for great fertilizer(肥料)You should try to buy products that have been recycled.You can see if an item has been made from recycled materials by its label; if its been recycled，it will say so.Also，instead of always buying new clothes，you can arrange to have a clot

34、hing 6swap with your friends.You bring clothes you dont want and pick items you want from what other people have brought.Not only does this save the environment，but it also saves your pocketbook.Remember，what is one persons junk can be someone elses treasure! The saying can be applied to all sorts o

35、f things：books，CDs，furniture，etc.Also，try shopping at second-hand stores，because they often have lots of items still in good shape for you to choose.Many countries have made it easy for people to recycle，as alongside the normal garbage trucks，special garbage trucks come and pick up recyclable materi

36、als.However，in many countries around the world the responsibility is left up to the 4individual to recycle.Therefore，it must be made a priority(優(yōu)先考慮的事) in society so we can continue to make our environment livable.語篇解讀在當今世界，回收是必不可少的。本文作者主要就回收提供了幾點建議并呼吁每個人都應(yīng)該對回收負起責(zé)任。5Why is more waste being made in t

37、odays world?APeople dislike the updated items.BPeople own abundant belongings.CPeople intend to live a simple life.DPeople have made great progress in industry.答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“The most important reason for this is that human progress and industry have made it possible for people to have lots of

38、things，and when people have many material possessions，they are bound to throw some of them away.”可知，現(xiàn)在人們擁有豐富的物品。故選B。6What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to?AExchanging clothes with friends.BShopping at second-hand stores.CThrowing away old clothes.DPicking up new items.答案A解析詞義猜

39、測題。根據(jù)第三段中“Also，instead of always buying new clothes，you can arrange to have a clothing swap with your friends.”可知，this指的是“和朋友交換衣服”。故選A。7To make the environment enjoyable，we should .Aalways buy new clothesBchoose recyclable productsCgo shopping at chain storesDarrange more garbage trucks答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)

40、第三段第一句“You should try to buy products that have been recycled.”可知，你應(yīng)該試著去買那些已經(jīng)被回收的產(chǎn)品。故選B。8What can we learn from the last paragraph?AGovernments do nothing in recycling.BNormal vehicles can pick up recyclable materials.CThe individual seldom cares about recycling.DEveryone should feel socially respon

41、sible for recycling.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句“However，in many countries around the world the responsibility is left up to the individual to recycle.Therefore，it must be made a priority(優(yōu)先考慮的事) in society so we can continue to make our environment livable.”可知，作者呼吁每個人都應(yīng)該對回收負起責(zé)任。故選D。.障礙詞匯突破(一)閱讀下列句子，并根據(jù)句意猜

42、測畫線部分的意思1Will you expect to live along traditional lines：woman as homemaker and man as breadwinner？養(yǎng)家糊口的人2He signed up as a flight attendant with Korean Air.簽約3Nobody can casually succeed；it comes from the thorough self-control and the will.隨意地；隨便地4At best they only care about their lives as individ

43、ual cells，but they fail to assume responsibility for the health of the larger body.個人的，個體的(二)同義詞語替換5If you drop something into the track，please contact the station staff.workers6I know a sculptor who swaps her pieces for drawings by a well-known artist.exchanges(三)一詞多義7deal n交易，買賣；協(xié)議；v.處理；對待；做生意(1)T

44、hey made a deal to sell the land to a property developer.協(xié)議(2)You should deal with him more politely.對待(3)So how do we deal with these new challenges? 處理(4)The cost was simply too high，so the deal fell through.交易，買賣8item n項目，條款；物品；一則消息(1)He opened the cardboard box and took out each item.物品(2)We wen

45、t on to the next item on the agenda.項目，條款(3)There was an item in the paper about him.一則消息.長難句理解1Ten months later，after some free X-rays，the surgeon told me I needed a surgery，which was about an 18-month wait，for some senior citizens had been on the operation list.句式分析本句話的主干部分為the surgeon told me I n

46、eeded a surgery。I needed a surgery為省略了that的賓語從句；which was about.為which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句；for表原因，前后構(gòu)成并列句。精美譯文十個月以后，做了免費的X光片后，醫(yī)生告訴我我需要手術(shù)需要等18個月，因為手術(shù)單子已列有很多老年人。2The most important reason for this is that human progress and industry have made it possible for people to have lots of things，and when people have m

47、any material possessions，they are bound to throw some of them away.句式分析本句話為并列句結(jié)構(gòu)，第一個句子是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表語為表語從句，從句中的it是形式賓語，真正的賓語是to have lots of things；第二個句子也是復(fù)合句，其中when people have many material possessions為時間狀語從句。精美譯文這其中最重要的原因是人類的進步和工業(yè)使人們擁有很多東西成為可能，并且當人們擁有很多物質(zhì)財富時，他們一定會扔掉一些。專題強化練(十九).單項填空1The language in the

48、 companys statement is highly ，thus making its staff confused.Aambiguous BapparentCappropriate Daggressive答案A解析句意為：公司的聲明中用的語言非常含糊，因此使得職員們非常困惑。ambiguous含糊的，不明確的；apparent明顯的；appropriate適當?shù)?；aggressive有進取心的。由后面的“making its staff confused”可知，公司的聲明非常的含糊。故A選項正確。2The Tang Dynasty is generally regarded as a

49、golden chapter by people worldwide， the Chinese civilization influenced many neighboring countries.Awhere BwhenCwhich Dwho答案B解析句意為：唐朝被世界范圍的人們認為是一個黃金時期，在這個時期，中國文明影響了很多鄰近的國家?！?the Chinese civilization influenced many neighboring countries”是非限制性定語從句，修飾the Tang Dynasty，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作時間狀語，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)該從句。B選項正

50、確。3How was your job interview?Very successful.I my homework about the company，you know.Ahad done Bhave doneCdid Dwas doing答案A解析句意為：你的工作面試怎么樣？非常成功。你知道我了解過這家公司。由第一句可知，參加面試是過去的行為，那么了解該公司應(yīng)該是面試之前的行為，即過去的過去，故該句應(yīng)用過去完成時態(tài)。A選項正確。4The educational reform is now under way throughout the country， the students mor

51、e opportunities to develop to their greatest potential.Ato grant Bhaving grantedCgranting Dgranted答案C解析句意為：全國正在進行教育改革，給了學(xué)生們更多發(fā)揮最大潛力的機會。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為非謂語動詞作狀語，主語the educational reform與grant之間是主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。C選項正確。5When Paul for the final game of the basketball season，his fans let out shouts of cry.Amade u

52、p Bshowed upCcaught up Dheld up答案B解析句意為：當保羅出現(xiàn)在籃球賽季的最后一場比賽上時，他的粉絲們爆發(fā)出喊叫聲。make up組成，編造；show up到場，出現(xiàn)；catch up趕上；hold up舉起，耽擱。粉絲喊叫應(yīng)該是保羅出場時，故B選項正確。6 more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots.AScattered around the globe areBScattering are around the globeCA

53、re around the globe scatteredDAre scattered around the globe答案A解析句意為：地球上散落分布著100多個小而離散的火山活躍區(qū)，地質(zhì)學(xué)家稱之為“熱點”。正常語序是“More than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots are scattered around the globe.”表語提前，把系動詞提到主語前面構(gòu)成倒裝。7 his high social status，it is really hard for

54、 us to his joining us in going west to teach children there.AConsidering；opposeBConsidered；prevent fromCTo consider；persuadeDBeing considered；object to答案A解析句意為：鑒于他的高社會地位，我們真的很難反對他和我們一起去西部教書。considering prep.鑒于，oppose v反對，根據(jù)句意可知答案為A。8In the past，science class started from grade three.But the new curr

55、iculum allows junior students to natural sciences earlier.Apriority BprivilegeCadaptation Daccess答案D解析priority 優(yōu)先權(quán)；privilege特權(quán)；adaptation適應(yīng)；access(使用或見到的)機會。句意為：在過去，科學(xué)課程從三年級開始。但是新課程使初級學(xué)生可以更早地接觸自然科學(xué)。根據(jù)句意可知答案為D。9 made the school proud was more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universi

56、ties.AWhat；because BWhat；thatCThat；what DThat；because答案B解析分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知， made the school proud缺少主語，另外還要引導(dǎo)主語從句，故此只能選擇what，由此先排除C、D兩項。再結(jié)合 more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities結(jié)構(gòu)完整不缺少成分，只需要引導(dǎo)詞，所以選用that。故選B。10Recent pressure at work may his abnormal behavior.Apush for Bexchange

57、forCaccount for Dhead for答案C解析push for為而奮力爭??；exchange for交換；account for解釋的原因；head for朝走去。句意為：最近工作壓力可能是他反常行為的原因。故選C。.閱讀理解A(2018啟東中學(xué)最后一模)Recent summer temperatures in parts of Australia were high enough to melt asphalt.As global warming speeds up the heat and climatic events increase，many plants may b

58、e unable to cope.But at least one species of eucalyptus tree can resist extreme heat by continuing to “sweat” when other essential processes stop，a new study finds.As plants change sunlight into food，or photosynthesize(光合作用)，they absorb carbon dioxide through pores on their leaves.These pores also r

59、elease water via transpiration(蒸騰)，which circulates nutrients through the plant and helps cool it by evaporation(蒸發(fā))But exceptionally high temperatures are known to greatly reduce photosynthesisand most existing plant models suggest this should also decrease transpiration，leaving trees in danger of

60、fatally overheating.Because it is difficult for scientists to control and vary trees conditions in their natural environment，little is known about how individual species handle this situation.Ecologist John Drake of the SU.N.Y.College of Environmental Science and Forestry and his colleagues grew a d

61、ozen Parramatta red gum (Eucalyptus parramattensis) trees in large，climate-controlled plastic pods that separated the trees from the surrounding forest for a year in Richmond，Australia.Six of the trees were grown at surrounding air temperatures and six at temperatures three degrees Celsius higher.Th

62、e researchers withheld (扣留) water from the surface soil of all 12 trees for a month to imitate a mild dry spell，then induced a four-day “extreme” heat wave：They raised the maximum temperatures in half of the pods(three with surrounding temperatures and three of the warmer ones)to 44 degrees C.Photos

63、ynthesis ground to a near halt in the trees facing the artificial heat wave.But to the researchers surprise，these trees continued to transpire at close-to-normal levels，effectively cooling themselves and their surroundings.The trees grown in warmer conditions coped just as well as the others，and photosynthesis rates bounced back to normal after the heat wave passed，Drake and his colleagues reported online in Global Change Biology.The researchers think the Parramatta red g