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1、專題四 閱讀表達閱讀表達的題材和體裁與傳統(tǒng)的閱讀短文沒有太大的區(qū)別，長度也大致相同或者比傳統(tǒng)的閱讀短文略短，文章的結(jié)構(gòu)層次性更強。問題類型多樣?？偟膩碇v，大約有6種問題類型，即5X：1.主旨概括題：它要求概括出文章的某一段、或整篇文章的大意、標題或作者的寫作意圖等。出題方式主要有：(1)What is the main idea of the article/Paragraph 1?(2)What would be the best title of the passage? (3)What is the purpose of writing the text/passage?(4)What

2、does the passage mainly talk about/discuss?(5)For what purpose does the author mention.in Paragraph 1?2.同義句替換題：它要求根據(jù)所給出的英文句子，尋找短文中意思相同的句子。出題方式主要有：(1)Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one? (2)Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one?(3)Ple

3、ase find out the sentence which can be replaced by the following one.3.完成句子題：它要求利用上下文，將短文中的空白處用合適的詞、短語或句子補充完整，使短文通暢。出題方式主要有：(1)Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words.(2)Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with proper words.4.句子翻譯題：它要求將短文中劃線的句子翻譯成通順的漢語。出題方式主要有：Translate the underlined

4、 sentence in the.paragraph/passage into Chinese.5.封閉型問題：結(jié)合文中具體依據(jù)進行回答。出題方式主要有：(1)What advice is given in the third paragraph? (no more than 10 words)(2)According to Paragraph 2，how does the author settle the problem? (no more than 20 words)(3)What are the reasons for the problem according to the pass

5、age? (no more than 10 words)6.開放型問題：結(jié)合個人觀點態(tài)度進行表述。出題方式主要有：(1)What would you do if you were.?(2)How would you solve the problem if you were.?(3)What other suggestions would you give to solve the problem mentioned?1.主旨概括題這類問題要求我們理解全文后對文章標題或大意進行概括。我們要做到：(1)在概括標題時，要做到精辟、簡潔，注意書寫格式和詞數(shù)限制。標題可以概括成短語，有時也可是一個短句

6、。書寫時有三種形式：標題的開頭字母大寫，其他所有字母都小寫；標題第一個單詞和實詞的首字母要大寫；全部字母都大寫?？扇芜x其一。(2)在概括文章大意時，我們要從整體上把握作者的觀點、態(tài)度，捕捉與題目相關的信息。抓住文章的首尾段和各段的首尾句是做好該題的關鍵。2.同義句替換題做此類題目時一定要分析所給句子的結(jié)構(gòu)、含義、實際用意，在文章中找句子時一定要通讀上下文，切不可斷章取義。找到的同義句必須準確、全面，不能增加或減少內(nèi)容。在抄寫過程中一定不能出現(xiàn)漏掉單詞、字母、標點符號等現(xiàn)象。3.完成句子題語境和上下文之間的邏輯關系是回答該類問題的關鍵。語句間的邏輯性是我們解決這類問題的著眼點，要找出語句間的一些

7、遞進、并列、對比、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果等的關系，在理解全文的基礎上把握上下文之間的邏輯關系，要充分考慮整句話的語言環(huán)境，特別注意上下、前后句子的弦外之意，確定需要填寫的是短語還是完整句子，并注意書寫時的問題，如大小寫等。該類問題的詞數(shù)要求會比較少，所以語言一定要簡練；做完題目后一定要用“代入法”進行驗證，看是否符合文章邏輯和作者的意圖。4.句子翻譯題做此類題目要分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，遵循忠實通順的原則，表達完整；注意英漢語序的差異，譯文要符合漢語表達習慣；關鍵詞務必要翻譯出來，語言要簡練。5.封閉型問題面對該類問題，我們可以結(jié)合文中的具體依據(jù)進行回答，答案是固定的、唯一的。6.開放型問題面對該類問題，我們可以依

8、據(jù)自己的看法結(jié)合對原文的理解作出回答，注意揚長避短，避難就易。1 (2018天津)Some people live to climb the highest mountains.Some people live only dreaming about it while others live to avoid ever climbing at all.But one thing is certain，all people encounter mountains in their life.When I was a little girl，my family moved to a tiny to

9、wn at the bottom of a big mountain.One day after school，while exploring the green woods of this magnificent mountain，I almost fell on a set of stairs.What could these steps lead to？Curiosity got the best of me as I knew it would be starting to get dark soon.I started climbing up those strangely myst

10、erious steps.I climbed and climbed.There was nothing but just green bushes and these steps.I had to reach the top! But it was now getting real dark.If I kept going I might not be able to see my way back.My mum would be worried sick if I didnt come home soon.So I ran back home almost in the dark whil

11、e trying not to get too scared.Anxiously I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain.Could there be a castle up there？Maybe I would find a monster(怪物).Maybe I was taking the risk of never coming back home.Or，maybe all I would find was absolutely nothing! But so

12、mething inside me was going to climb that mountain at all cost.I could hardly wait to try this adventure again.Now we live in a world surrounded by the “cant do” attitudes.We all fall down. We all have doubts and regrets.Still we must climb and dream about whats at the top of our mountain.Monsters m

13、ay appear or the night will fall.But never ever give up on your dream! Never let anyone tell you，“You cant.” Dream big and climb high!56.What made the author start to climb up the stairs to the mountain top？(no more than 5 words)Curiosity made her do so./The desire to explore.57.Why did the author h

14、urry back home without reaching the top of the mountain？Give two reasons.(no more than 15 words)Because it was getting dark，and she didnt want her mother to worry about her./Because she was scared，and might not be able to find her/the way back home.58.How would you describe the author in terms of pe

15、rsonalities according to Paragraph 4？(no more than 10 words)She had rich imagination and she was brave./She was a brave and determined girl with rich imagination./She was imaginative and determined，and she dared to explore./She was imaginative，adventurous and determined.59.How do you understand the

16、underlined sentence in the last paragraph？(no more than 5 words)We all sometimes fail./We face failure/defeat/hardships/challenges in life./There are difficulties/ barriers/obstacles in life./We run into trouble sometimes./We have trouble in life.60.Whats your attitude towards the “mountain” in your

17、 life？Please explain.(no more than 20 words)I will try to reach my goal because I want to live an exciting life./I will try to reach/get to the top of the “mountain” because I want to be successful in life.2 (2017天津)In the years of my growing up，Dad was strict with me.He made sure I made my bed and

18、did my homework.He would call in advance to make sure there was no alcohol at the party.I got so angry with him for laying down the law.I would scream，“I hate you！”Dad would yell back，“Good！I dont care！” Deep down I knew he did.One time at a party，I drank too much alcohol and got so sick.I said，“Cal

19、l my dad.”Next thing，Dad was carrying me to the car.I woke up the next morning，thinking I would definitely be criticised.As expected，I got a roasting，but I now understand why I needed discipline.Dad was 29 when he got his big roles in films.I had an early start at the age of nine with a role in a 19

20、90s TV series，but it wasnt until I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress.Like those early days for Dad，I faced lots of rejections.Working in such a competitive industry，Ive sometimes thought，“I cant do this any more.”O(jiān)nce，after a trip to Hollywood，I returned to Australia so de

21、pressed and spent months in my bedroom painting，listening to Eckhart Tolles music and trying to find myself again.Dad sat me down and said，“Alice，I know its hard，but its all about persistence(堅持不懈).”Now I get to work with Dad a lot，which I love.We are both passionate about acting，which comes from us

22、 being so interested in people.If it werent for Dad，I wouldnt be where I am today.Hes my biggest fan，and when you have that in your life you can go a long way.56.What rules did Alices father set for her when she was growing up？(no more than 15 words)She should make her bed，do her homework and drink

23、no alcohol./Making her bed，doing her homework and drinking no alcohol.57.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean？(no more than 5 words)I got/was criticised/scolded.58.What did Alices father do when she felt depressed？(no more than 5 words)He encouraged/comforted/inspired her.59.According t

24、o the last paragraph，what do Alice and her father have in common？(no more than 10 words)They are both passionate about acting and interested in people.60.What do you think of Alices father？Please explain.(no more than 20 words)He is a good/devoted/caring/loving father because he was strict with his

25、daughter and encouraged her when she was in trouble.或He is always supportive/a source of strength.Whenever she is in trouble，he is there for her.3 (2016天津)Im a 34-year-old man，married，live in a nice house，and have a successful career as an educational consultant.But my life was not always so great.I

26、 had a learning disability from an early age.I went to a special school where I got plenty of extra help.Still，I suffered the rest of my school days in public schools.My life improved remarkably when I discovered art.The art world gave me a chance to express myself without words.I went to a workshop

27、 and gradually got good at making things with clay(黏土).Here I learned my first important lesson：disabled as I was in language，I could still be smart and well express myself with clay.And my confidence came along.I got my next lesson from rock climbing.It was a fun thing but I was scared from the sta

28、rt.I soon noticed it wasnt a talent thing; it was practice.So I did it more.After about five years of climbing，I found myself in Yosemite Valley on a big wall.I learned that if you fall in love with something and do it all the time，you will get better at it.Later I decided to apply my previous exper

29、ience to learning how to read and write.Every day I practiced reading and writing，which I used to avoid as much as possible.After two hard years，I was literate.Having gone through the long process with art，rock climbing，and reading and writing，now Ive got to a point in my life where I know I am smar

30、t enough to dive into an area that is totally unknown，hard，but interesting.56.What made the authors school days difficult？(no more than 5 words)His learning disability./Or：Having a learning disability./Or：That he was learning disabled./Or：That he had a learning disability.57.Why did art give the aut

31、hor confidence? (no more than 10 words)Because he could be smart and express himself with clay./Or：Because art could help him express himself without words./Or：Because he could well express himself with clay/art.58.What lesson did the author learn from rock climbing? (no more than 15 words)If you en

32、joy something and keep doing it，you will get better at it./Or：The more you practice something，the better at it you will become./Or：Practice makes perfect./Or：Practice leads to success.59.What is the meaning of the underlined part in Paragraph 4? (no more than 5 words)I could read and write.60.How do

33、es the authors story inspire you to overcome difficulties in life? Put it in your own words.(no more than 20 words)We should not lose heart in face of difficulties.If we work hard，we will find a way out./Or：The authors story tells me that I should be confident and practice hard to overcome difficult

34、ies in my life./Or：We should overcome our weakness and fears with courage and determination.1(2018天津部分區(qū)縣二模)Marga Allen might be around 93 years old.However，she wouldnt put her feet up.Every week，she leads a 90-minute fitness class in her community for her ladies，and the youngest of them is 60.The cl

35、ass is a mixture of Scottish dancing，line-dancing and routine.“I want to make it fun for them，” says Marga，“Ive been teaching classes since 1965.” At that time,8 ladies attended her class，but now there are as many as 18.And when Marga isnt out，she is a writer of poetry.She has written six books and

36、is now going on the seventh.“I write in the evenings，about anything and everything，” says Marga.In writing about her life，Marga isnt short of materials.Born in the 1920s，Marga was a gifted pianist from a young age and even won a scholarship to the Royal College at the age of 14.Marga stopped work as

37、 a railway worker when she had the first child.Then she was a volunteer of the Red Cross for more than 40 years.She now has four grandchildren and four great-grandchildren；the youngest of them is just six-month old.In spite of her astonishing activity level for her age，Marga says that loneliness is

38、the concern of society and that all the things she does still dont fill up her time.Whenever she gets lonely or down，she picks up the phone and chats with friends，which makes her in high spirits.“I miss people most of all.But a lot of people are lonely，and Id love to help them all.” 1.Why does Marga

39、 Allen give a fitness class in her community each week？(no more than 10 words) She intends to make her ladies life interesting.解析根據(jù)第一段中的“I want to make it fun for them”可知，她開辦這個課程是想讓她的朋友們生活得有趣。2.Why doesnt Marga Allen lack materials when writing about her life？(no more than 12 words) She has experien

40、ced a lot，doing various things in her life.解析由題干中的“materials when writing about her life”可定位至第二段第四句，而其后的內(nèi)容則講述了不缺少素材的原因，即她有豐富的人生經(jīng)歷。從她的人生經(jīng)歷來看，她經(jīng)歷過很多的事情，做過多種工作，所以她不缺素材。3.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 mean？(no more than 10 words) She doesnt want to have a rest/break.解析前文說她九十三歲了，however“然而

41、”表轉(zhuǎn)折；后文說她每個星期還要上健身課?？梢圆聹y這句話的意思是她閑不住。4.What does Marga Allen usually do when she feels depressed？(no more than 5 words) She communicates with her friends.解析根據(jù)最后一段第一句可知，當她感到孤獨或沮喪時，她就拿起電話和朋友聊天。5.What do you think of Marga Allen? And why? (no more than 25 words) Shes old but active and kind.Because thou

42、gh 93-year-old，she does a lot to fill up her time and cheer up others.解析本題可根據(jù)提問和自己對文章的理解表達自己的觀點，然后闡明理由，言之有理即可。2She had to pack up her bedroom in Virgina Beach，where she lived with her mother，two sisters and brother.She had to say goodbye to her two dogs，who used to sleep in her bed，and to the beach，

43、where she loved to ride waves on her boogie board.But it was time to take the leap，however，heartbreaking and awkward it would be.Even at 14，Douglas knew that.So off she went about 1,200 miles to West Des Moines，Lowa，to train with a coach from China and live with a white family she had never been met

44、.When she arrived，Douglas thought that she must be the only black person in the state.When she woke up，she always said，“This isnt my bed set.Where am I？”Liang Chow，who had coached the Olympic gold medalist Shawn Johnson，transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the world，helping her skyro

45、cket from an average member of the national team to the top of the sport.And a couple with four young daughters became her second family，nurturing her in Iown while her real family supported her from afar.That move also was important in Douglass making history.By winning the Olympic all-round title，

46、she became the first black woman to do so.She also became the fourth American woman to win the all-round，following Mary Lou Retton in 1984，Carly Patternson in 2004 and Nastia Liukin in 2008.Douglas won，scoring 62.232 points，and led the competition from beginning to end.Viktoria Komova，who sobbed int

47、o her coachs chest when she learned she had lost，won the silver，with 61.973 points.Aliya Mustafina，the 2010 world all-round champion，won the bronze with 59.566 points.The other American in the competition，Aly Raisman finished fourth after losing a tiebreaker(決勝局) to Mustafina.Douglas said she had fe

48、lt confident all along that she would win.“It was just an amazing feeling，” she said，giggling(咯咯笑).“I was just like，believe，dont fear，believe.” After sacrificing(犧牲) so much，she had no other choice but to push forward，she said.6.Why did Douglas leave her home at 14？(no more than 10 words)Because she

49、 needed training to be a gymnast.解析根據(jù)第三段第一句“So off she went about 1,200 miles to West Des Moines，Lowa，to train with a coach from China and live with a white family she had never been met.”可知，道格拉斯在十四歲時離開家是因為她需要接受成為一名體操運動員的訓練。7.How did she feel when Douglas first arrived at the new home？(no more than

50、5 words)She felt uneasy.解析根據(jù)第三段中的“When she woke up，she always said，This isnt my bed set.Where am I？”可知，當?shù)栏窭沟谝淮蝸淼叫录視r她感到很不安。8.What does the underlined word “skyrocket” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean？(no more than 3 words)Soar./Rise rapidly./Increase suddenly/greatly.解析根據(jù)畫線詞所在句可知，Liang Chow幫助道格拉斯成為

51、一個世界上最優(yōu)秀的選手，幫助她扶搖而上。9.According to Para.5，what achievement did Douglas make？(no more than 15 words)She is the first black woman to win the Olympic all-round title.解析根據(jù)第五段第二句“By winning the Olympic all-round title，she became the first black woman to do so.”可知，道格拉斯是第一個贏得奧運會全能冠軍的黑人女性。10.What do you thi

52、nk of Douglas from the story？Give your reasons.(no more than 20 words)She is strong-minded.After she won the game，she said “I was just like，believe，dont fear，believe.”解析開放性問題，結(jié)出自己的理解，言之有理即可。題型組合練(十八).閱讀表達1(2018南開區(qū)三模)What will people die of 100 years from now？If you think that is a simple question，yo

53、u have not been paying attention to the revolution that is taking place in biotechnology.With the help of new medicine，the human body will last a very long time.Death will come mainly from accidents，murder and war.Todays leading killers，such as heart disease，cancer，and aging itself，will become dista

54、nt memories.In discussion of technological changes，the Internet gets most of the attention these days.But the change in medicine can be the real technological event of our times.How long can humans live？Human brains were known to decide the final death.Cells are the basic units of all living things，

55、and until recently，scientists were sure that the life of cells could not go much beyond 120 years because the basic materials of cells，such as those of brain cells，would not last forever.But the upper limits will be broken by new medicine.Sometimes between 2050 and 2100，medicine will have advanced t

56、o the point at which every 10 years or so，people will be able to take medicine to repair their organs (The medicine，made up of the basic building materials of life，will build new brain cells，heart cells，and so onin much the same way our bodies make new skin cells to take the place of old ones).It is

57、 exciting to imagine that the advance in technology may be changing the most basic condition of human existence，but many technical problems still must be cleared up on the way to this wonderful future.1.What are the present major killers according to the writer？(no more than 10 words)Heart disease，c

58、ancer，and aging.解析根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Todays leading killers，such as heart disease，cancer，and aging itself，will become distant memories.”可知答案。2.What does the underlined word “revolution” mean in Paragraph 1？(no more than 2 words)Great change.解析根據(jù)畫線詞所在句“If you think that is a simple question，you have not been

59、paying attention to the revolution that is taking place in biotechnology.”可知，如果你認為這是一個簡單的問題，你就沒有注意到生物技術正在發(fā)生的革命，revolution意為“革命”，與great change同義。3.How can humans live longer in the future？(no more than 10 words)Human organs can be repaired by new medicine.Or：By repairing human organs with new medicin

60、e.Or：By taking medicine to repair their organs.解析根據(jù)第二段最后一句中的“people will be able to take medicine to repair their organs”可知，人們將來能夠使用藥物來修復他們的器官。4.Why are scientists sure that the life of cells cannot go much beyond 120 years？(no more than 20 words)Because the basic materials of cells，such as those of

61、 brain cells，would not last forever.解析根據(jù)第二段中的“scientists were sure that the life of cells could not go much beyond 120 years because the basic materials of cells，such as those of brain cells，would not last forever”可知，科學家們確信細胞的壽命超不過120年，因為細胞的基本物質(zhì)，比如腦細胞，不會永遠存活下去。5.If human can live longer in the futur

62、e，do you think it is bad or good for the society？(no more than 20 words)I think it is good for the society because we can have a long time to enjoy our wonderful life.Or：I think it is bad for the society because it can lead to overpopulation.解析這是開放性的問題，只要符合要求都可以。2Even if you are a genius at school，y

63、ou still might be lost when it comes to getting from point A to point B.Dont get caught in a strange place without these basic safety tips.TIP ONE：Know where youre going.Before you set out in an unfamiliar area，go to Google Maps to plan your journey and print it out.You can also use your phones GPS

64、to map the route.Make sure that the location services are turned on on your phone，just in case you get lost.TIP TWO：Know where your stuff is.Never leave your backpack or shopping bags out of your sight.Carry your wallet in your front pocket or keep it close to your body.Be sure youve got everything

65、at all times.A fun day out can turn into the worst headache ever if you realize you have left something behind.TIP THREE：Pick your streets smart.If you have the choice between a busy street and a deserted one，always pick the busy one.You are more likely to be attacked on dark，empty sidewalks than on ones with a crowd.TIP FOUR：Travel in packs.Dont go anywhereespecially