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1、2022年高中英語 Module4 Great Scientists 第4課時(shí)學(xué)案 外研版必修4 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)： 1. 復(fù)習(xí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法 2. 了解不同情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的意義區(qū)別 3. 利用例句歸納出語法規(guī)則 學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)：復(fù)習(xí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法 學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)：利用例句歸納出語法規(guī)則 課前預(yù)習(xí) 使用說明與學(xué)法指導(dǎo)： 1. 利用例句歸納出語法規(guī)則 2. 15分鐘之內(nèi)完成 預(yù)習(xí)自測： 觀察下列從Reading and Vocabulary中選取的句子，體會情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。 ①They could go anywhere they wished. ②You shouldn't go on th

2、ose ships. ③There won't be any other foreigners. ④We just had to show our passports. ⑤We could see the sun setting behind the white pagoda. [自我總結(jié)] 　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有一定的 ，表示某種感情和語氣，但不能單獨(dú)作 ，要和其他動(dòng)詞(原形)一起構(gòu)成 。 我的疑問： _______________________________________________________________________

3、___________________________________________________________________ 課內(nèi)探究 質(zhì)疑探究： 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說話人對某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度，但本身詞義不完全，不能單獨(dú)作謂語動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。每—個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞都有自己的具體含義和特點(diǎn)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定式一般是在它們的后面加否定詞not構(gòu)成的。 1．can和 could(could是can的過去式，也可表示語氣委婉) (1)表示能力 He can do the work by himself. 他能獨(dú)自做這項(xiàng)工作。 Could the girl rea

4、d before she went to school. 這個(gè)女孩上學(xué)前會讀書嗎？ (2)表示推測(用于否定句和疑問句) He can't be over sixty.他不可能超過60歲。 Can this story be true? 這個(gè)故事會是真的嗎？ (3)表示許可和請求(could用來表示“請求”時(shí)，是委婉的說法，回答時(shí)只用can)。 —Could I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新鋼筆嗎？ —Of course，you can.當(dāng)然可以。 You can use my dictionary now. 你現(xiàn)在可以用我的字

5、典。 (4)表示某人/某物一時(shí)的特點(diǎn)，可譯為“有可能，有時(shí)會”。 He can be very careless at times.他有時(shí)會很粗心。 【易混辨析】　can/be able to (1)can/could表示能力，只用現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去時(shí)(could)，而be able to有各種時(shí)態(tài)。 They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他們很快就能告訴你那個(gè)消息了。 (2)表示成功地做了某事，只能用was/were able to，而不能用could。 They were able to escape from the floo

6、d. 他們成功地從洪水中逃離。 2．may( might) (1)表示許可。在表示請求、允許時(shí)，might 比 may 語氣更委婉一些，否定回答時(shí)要用mustn't，表示“不可以，禁止，阻止”。 —Might I use your pen？我能用你的鋼筆嗎？ —No，you mustn't.不，你不能用。 (2)用于祈使句中表示祝愿． May you succeed! 祝你成功！ 【提示】　may或might＋動(dòng)詞原形都可以表示可能性。用might則語氣更加不肯定。 May/Might I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一張你寶寶的照

7、片嗎？ 3．must (1)表示義務(wù)等。意為“必須”，強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀看法。其否定形式為mustn't，意思是“不許，禁止”。 We must do everything step by step. 我們做一切事情都必須循序漸進(jìn)。 You mustn't talk to her like that. 你不許那樣和她說話。 —Must we hand in our exercise books now? 我們現(xiàn)在必須要交練習(xí)本嗎？ —No，you needn't /don't have to.不，不必。 (2)表示推測。意為“肯定，一定”，只用于肯定句中。 He must be i

8、ll.他準(zhǔn)是病了。 She's wearing a diamond necklace.She must have a lot of money.她戴著一條鉆石項(xiàng)鏈，一定很有錢。 【提示】　have to含義與must相似，兩者往往可以互換使用，但must與have to有下列幾點(diǎn)不同： ①must表示的是說話人的主觀看法，而have to 則往往強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。 ②must只有一種形式，have to則涉及人稱、時(shí)態(tài)等方面的變化形式。 —Must we hand in our English exercise books? 我們必須交英語作業(yè)嗎？ —Yes，you must./No

9、，you don't have to. 是的，你們必須要交。/不，你們可以不交。 You mustn't go.你不許走。(帶有很強(qiáng)的語氣，表示“禁止、 不允許”) You don't have to go.你不必走。(表示“不必”) 4．shall (1)用于第一、第三人稱的疑問句中表示征求意見或請求指示。 Shall I get you some tea? 我給你點(diǎn)兒茶，好嗎？ Shall the boy wait outside? 讓那男孩在外面等嗎？ What shall we do this evening? 我們今晚做什么？ (2)表示說話人的意圖、意志、命

10、令、允諾、警告或必然結(jié)果等。在法律、條約、協(xié)定等文件中，shall表示義務(wù)、規(guī)定等。用于第二、第三人稱的陳述句中。 You shall do as I say.按我說的做。(命令) You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答復(fù)。(允諾) You shall be sorry for it one day. 有一天你會對此后悔的。(警告) 5．should (1)表示義務(wù)。意為“應(yīng)該”。 You should be polite to your teachers. 你對你的老師應(yīng)該有禮貌。 You shouldn't waste

11、 time. 你不應(yīng)該浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。 (2)表示推測。意為“可能，該”。 Jack should be at home.杰克可能在家。 (3)表示令人驚奇的事。意為“竟然”。 It's surprising that Tom should cheat in the exam. 湯姆竟然在考試中作弊，真是不可思議。 6．will( would) (1)表示意愿。用于各種人稱的陳述句中。 I will do anything for you. 我愿為你做任何事。 They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. 他

12、們不讓他進(jìn)去，因?yàn)樗轮婆f。 (2)表示請求。用于疑問句中。would表示委婉語氣。如： Will you close the window? It's a bit cold. 請你把窗戶關(guān)上，好嗎？有點(diǎn)兒冷。 Would you mind cleaning the window? 請把窗戶擦一下，好嗎？ (3)表示某種傾向或習(xí)慣。 Fish will die out of water.魚離開水就會死掉。 The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at people going by. 那個(gè)男孩常常坐在那里好幾個(gè)鐘頭，看著

13、人們走過。 Every time she was in trouble，she would go to him for help.每次遇到麻煩，她都會向他求助。 【易混辨析】　would和used to (1)would表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，不涉及現(xiàn)在的情況。 He would climb the mountain when he was sad. 以前，當(dāng)他傷心時(shí)，他總是去爬那座山。 (2)used to表示過去常常做某事，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不做了，也可用于指過去某種狀態(tài)。 He used to be late for school，but now he is used to getti

14、ng up early. 他過去常常上學(xué)遲到，現(xiàn)在他已習(xí)慣于早起。 當(dāng)堂檢測 單項(xiàng)填空 1．(xx·天津高考)It's quite warm here，we turn the heating on yet. A．couldn't　 B．mustn't C．needn't D．wouldn't 2．(xx·北京高考)—You needn't take an umbrella. It isn't going to rain. —Well, I don't know. It do. A．might B．need C．would

15、 D．should 3．(xx·江西高考)When I was a child, I watch TV whenever I wanted to. A．should B．could C．must D．need 4．Peter be really rude at times even though he's a nice person in general. A．shall B．should C．can D．must 5．The police still haven't found the lost child，but they're

16、 doing all they . A．can B．may C．must D．should 6．Put on more clothes.You be feeling cold with only a shirt on. A．can B．could C．would D．must 7．John promised his doctor he not smoke，and he has never smoked ever since. A．might B．should C．could D．would 8．—W

17、e need a person very much to think up such an idea. — the new engineer have a try? A．Shall B．May C．Should D．Need 9．— I help you with some shoes，madam? —Yes，I would like to try on those brown ones. A．Will B．Should C．May D．Must 10．—I don't really like James.Why did yo

18、u invite him? —Don't worry.He e.He said he wasn't certain what his plans were. A．must not B．need not C．would not D．might not 課后反思： __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 課后訓(xùn)練 用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)

19、動(dòng)詞填空 1．He speak English very well when he was five. 2．—I have not a raincoat with me. —That's why I wait until the rain stops. 3．Their baby walk in a few weeks. 4． you be so kind as to keep an eye on my house while I am away? 5．I'm surprised that he have been so foolish. 6．It be Peter.He has gone to Beijing. 7．Whenever I was in trouble，she e to help me. 8．He get a puter if he does well in the exam. 9．— I finish the work before ten? —Yes，you /No，you . 10．I be late，so don't wait for me.