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1、2022年高中英語(yǔ)選修十教案：unit4 重點(diǎn)詞匯講解 1. file 1) n. （計(jì)算機(jī)的）文件 to access/copy/create/delete/download/save a file 打開(kāi)/復(fù)制/新建/刪除/下載/保存文件 to have/open/keep a confidential file on sb. 有/設(shè)立/保存某人的機(jī)密檔案 2) v. 歸檔，放置 file sth. (away) I filed the letters away in a drawer. 我把信件存放到抽屜里了。 2. hatred n. 憎恨；仇恨；惡意

2、，由動(dòng)詞hate變化而來(lái) He looked at me with hatred in his eyes. 他以憎恨的眼光望著我。 have a hatred for/of 憎惡……. She has a profound hatred of fascism. 她對(duì)法西斯主義懷有深仇大恨。 3. assess v. 評(píng)估；核定 1) assess sb/sth (as sth) 評(píng)估，評(píng)定（性質(zhì)、質(zhì)量） I assess your chance as low. 我估計(jì)你的機(jī)會(huì)不大。 2) assess sth. (at sth.) 估算、估定（數(shù)

3、量、價(jià)值）， They have assessed the amount of pensation to be paid. 他們已經(jīng)核定賠償額。 Damage to the building was assessed at $40000. 該建筑物的損失估定為4萬(wàn)美元。 4. firm 1) n. 商行、商號(hào)、公司 He has just started an engineering firm. 他剛開(kāi)了一家工程公司。 近義詞：pany，corporation 2) adj. 堅(jiān)定的、確定的、堅(jiān)決的 We have no firm evidence to s

4、upport the case. 我們沒(méi)有確鑿的證據(jù)支持這個(gè)論點(diǎn)。 We must maintain a firm attitude. 我們必須采取堅(jiān)定的態(tài)度。 5. leak 1) n. 漏洞，裂縫 You must shut the gas supply off if there is a leak. 煤氣泄漏時(shí)，必須把閥門關(guān)上。 2) v. 漏、泄漏 The roof was leaking. 屋頂在漏雨。 3) 泄露，透露；走漏 leak sth. (to sb) The contents of the report were leaked to t

5、he press. 報(bào)告的內(nèi)容泄露到新聞界了。 6. confidential 1) adj. 機(jī)密的，保密的，隱密的，秘密的 Your medical records are strictly confidential. 你的病歷是絕對(duì)保密的。 2) confident adj. 自信的，確信的 Your encouragement made me more confident of my future. 你的鼓勵(lì)使我對(duì)我的未來(lái)更有信心。 3) confidence n. 信任，信心 She has great confidence in her

6、success. 她對(duì)自己的成功非常有信心。 4) confidentially adv. 秘密地，悄悄地，私下的 She told me confidentially that she is going to retire early. 她私下告訴我她要提前退休。 7. suspect 1) n. 嫌疑犯；可疑對(duì)象； He is a prime suspect in this murder case. 他是這起謀殺案的主要嫌疑人。 2) v. 懷疑 suspect sb. (of sth/of doing sth) 懷疑（某人有罪） He resigned a

7、fter being suspected of theft. 他被懷疑有偷竊行為，隨后就辭職了。 The drug is suspected of causing over 200 deaths. 這種藥被懷疑導(dǎo)致超過(guò)200人的死亡。 3) adj. 可疑的，不可信的 Some of the evidence they produced was highly suspect. 一些他們提供的證據(jù)非?？梢?。 8. cooperation n. 合作 1) cooperation (with sb.) (in doing sth.) cooperation (betwee

8、n A and B) It is a report produced by the government in cooperation with the chemical industry. 這是一份政府與化工行業(yè)合作提出的一份報(bào)告 We would like to see closer cooperation between parents and schools. 我們希望學(xué)生家長(zhǎng)和學(xué)校有更加緊密的合作。 2) cooperate v. 合作，協(xié)作 cooperate with sb. in/on sth. The two groups agreed to coopera

9、te with each other. 這兩個(gè)組同意相互協(xié)作。 9. force 1) n. 武力，暴力 The villages were taken away by force. 村民們被強(qiáng)行帶走。 2) n. 力，力量 The shopping center took the full force of explosion. 購(gòu)物中心承受了全部的爆炸力。 3）n. 權(quán)力，效力 These guidelines do not have the force of law. 這些指導(dǎo)條例不具有法律效應(yīng)。 ?4）energy，power，strength和force

10、均可表示“力”。 energy意為“能量”，尤指人在做某事并為完成該事所表現(xiàn)出的生機(jī)勃勃的力，多用作不可數(shù)名詞。 power意為“能力”，詞義豐富，可指內(nèi)在的或外加的力、潛在的或活動(dòng)的力、具體的或抽象的力、身體的或精神的力等。 strength意為“體力”，常指人體或物體內(nèi)存在的力，如氣力、耐力、抵抗力，有時(shí)也可指進(jìn)行某種活動(dòng)的推動(dòng)力，是不可數(shù)名詞。 10. negotiate 1) v. 商定，達(dá)成（協(xié)議） Since our contract is near its term we must negotiate a new one. 由于我們的合同快到期了，我們必須商

11、定一個(gè)新的合約。 negotiate (with sb.) (for/about sth.) 談判；磋商；協(xié)商 We have been negotiating for more pay. 我們一直在為增加工資進(jìn)行協(xié)商。 2) n. 談判，協(xié)商 We are satisfied with the smoothness of the negotiation. 我們對(duì)談判的順利進(jìn)行很滿意。 11. applicant n. 申請(qǐng)人（尤指求職、進(jìn)高等學(xué)校等） applicant (for sth.) There were over 500 applicants for

12、the job. 有500多人申請(qǐng)這份工作。 1) apply v. 申請(qǐng), 應(yīng)用 You should apply for that job in person. 你應(yīng)該當(dāng)面去申請(qǐng)那份工作。 The new technology was applied to farming. 這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)已經(jīng)應(yīng)用于農(nóng)業(yè)。 2) application n. 申請(qǐng)，申請(qǐng)書 His application to the court for bail has been refused. 他向法庭申請(qǐng)保釋遭到拒絕。 12. considerate adj.考慮周到的、體諒的、體貼的

13、She is always polite and considerate towards her employees. 她對(duì)待雇員總是客客氣氣，關(guān)心體諒。 consider v. 仔細(xì)考慮，細(xì)想 Have you ever considered my suggestion? 你有沒(méi)有考慮過(guò)我的建議？ consider sb/sth (as sth) 認(rèn)為，以為，覺(jué)得 These workers are considered (as) a high-risk group. 這些工人被視為屬高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)人群。 Who do you consider (to be) respons

14、ible for the accident? 你認(rèn)為誰(shuí)對(duì)這個(gè)事故負(fù)有責(zé)任？ 13. smooth 1) adj. 光滑的，流暢的 Over the years, the stone steps had worn smooth. 日久天長(zhǎng)，石階已經(jīng)磨得光溜溜的。 2) v. 使平整 smooth sth (back/down/out) She was smoothing out the creases in her skirt. 她正設(shè)法弄平裙子上的皺褶。 3) v.（將軟物質(zhì)）均勻涂抹于smooth sth. on/into/over sth. Smooth

15、the icing over the top of the cake. 在蛋糕頂上均勻地鋪上一層糖霜。 4) smoothly adv. 平穩(wěn)地，流暢地 The engine was running smoothly. 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在平穩(wěn)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。 14. inspect vt. 查看，審視 inspect sth/sb (for sth) The plants are regularly inspected for disease. 對(duì)這些植物定期做病害檢查。 check, examine, inspect比較： 這一組詞的意思都是“檢查”、“審查”，但它們的內(nèi)在含義

16、有所不同。 check主要指檢驗(yàn)或測(cè)試事物的準(zhǔn)確性、真實(shí)性以確保其正確、安全或處于良好狀態(tài)。 He checked the temperature every day before leaving home. 他每天出門之前都檢查氣溫情況。 examine主要指通過(guò)仔細(xì)地觀察以找出問(wèn)題。 My bag was examined carefully when I entered this country. 在我進(jìn)入這個(gè)國(guó)家之前，我的包被仔細(xì)檢查。 inspect指查看或官方檢查。 The mayor will inspect our school tomorrow. 市長(zhǎng)明天會(huì)

17、來(lái)視察我校。 15. pensate 1) vi. 補(bǔ)償；彌補(bǔ) pensate (for sth.) Nothing can pensate for the loss of a loved one. 失去心愛(ài)的人是無(wú)法補(bǔ)償?shù)摹? 2) vt. 給（某人）賠償（或賠款）pensate sb. (for sth.) Her lawyer said she should be pensated for the suffering she had been caused. 她的律師說(shuō)她應(yīng)該為所遭受的痛苦得到賠償。 練習(xí)： 一、首字母填空完成句子。 1. You c

18、an d_________ this software for free. 2. It’s a t_________ possibility, but I don’t suppose it will happen. 3. She is a f________ to be reckoned with. 4. We will a________ the damages caused by the flood. 5. Our success was attributed not so much to your help as to our c_________. 6. As the wag

19、e of the job was low, there were few a__________ for it. 7. The driver’s c___________ was suspended by the police. 8. It was strange that nobody i________ my ticket before I got on the train. 9. This h_______ was generated by racial prejudice. 10. We must maintain a f______ attitude. 二、根據(jù)中文填空

20、完成句子。 1. The branches were weighed down with _______ (成熟的) apples. 2. The details were supposed to be secret but somehow _______ (泄露) out. 3. He told me the __________ (秘密的) information. 4. We’ve decided to _________ (商定) with the employers about our wage claim. 5. She gave him back the money s

21、he’d stolen for the sake of her _______ (良心). 6. The headmaster has made a decision of __________ (停學(xué)) of a pupil from school. 7. The new rule will be put into ________(實(shí)行) this year. 8. It was __________ (考慮周到的) of you to bring me my raincoat. 9. Don’t forget to date your __________ (支票). 10.

22、He drew a ________ (草圖) on a pad then began his formal work. 三、選詞語(yǔ)填空完成句子。 bank account pensate considerate examine confidential file import download put into effect smooth 1. Put this letter in the main ________. 2. She ____________ out wrinkles (皺褶

23、) out of the tablecloth. 3. The new system will soon be __________. 4. He paid the money into his _________. 5. Wait until it’s finished __________. 6. Customs officers always _________ our baggage carefully. 7. Nothing can __________ for the loss of time. 8. The ________ of cotton goods went

24、up sharply in 1986. 9. She’s a very ___________and caring person. 10. He was an author whose works were so little known as to be almost _________. 四、用所給詞語(yǔ)編寫故事（至少用八個(gè)詞或詞組）。 file intellectual property assess database firm leak confidential suspect consider pensate

25、

26、

27、 答案： 一、1. download 2.theorectical 3. force 4. assess 5. cooperation 6. applicants 7.ce

28、rtificate 8.inspected 9. hatred 10. firm 二、1. ripe 2. leaked 3. confidential 4. negotiate 5.conscience 6. suspension 7. effect 8. considerate 9. cheque 10. draft 三、1. file 2. smoothed 3. put into effect 4. bank accoun

29、t 5. downloading. 6. examine 7. pensate 8. import 9. considerate 10. confidential 四、Nowadays, many firms find there are always someone leaking the confidential file and database to the society. The loss of intellectual property is so much that it can hardly be assessed accurately. To make things worse, many suspects are found the employees of that firm and they cannot pensate for the damage. Thus, the government is considering working out more regulations for that kind of crime.