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1、2020屆高考英語二輪專題訓(xùn)練：閱讀理解（34） ADecisionmaking under StressA new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative(負(fù)面的) consequences of a decision.The research suggests t

2、hat stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.“Stress affects how people learn，” says Professor Mara Mather.“People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像)with either r

3、ewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered t

4、he rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadnt gone through the stress.This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stressat those moments, only the pleasure associate

5、d with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled.The research also found that stress appears to affect decisionmaking differentl

6、y in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.Men who had been stressed by the coldwater task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stre

7、ssful situations in which risktaking can pay off big, men may tend to do better; when caution weighs more, however, women will win.This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more

8、 often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.64We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to _.Akeep rewards better in their memoryBrecall consequences more effortlesslyCmake risky decisions more frequentlyDlearn a subject more effectively65According

9、 to the research, stress affects people most probably in their _.Aways of making choicesBpreference for pleasureCtolerance of punishmentsDresponses to suggestions66The research has proved that in a stressful situation, _.Awomen find it easier to fall into certain habitsBmen have a greater tendency t

10、o slow downCwomen focus more on outcomesDmen are more likely to take risksBA（2020四川卷）31. What you have just read is a _.A. note B. report C. schedule D. poster32. What is going to take place on 2 February, 2020?A. A big event to welcome a Chinese new year.B. A social gathering to raise money for wil

11、dlife.C. A party for close friends to meet and have fun.D. A meeting of Kwun Tong High School students.33. How much do you have to pay in total if four of you go together?A. $20. B. $40. C. $60. D. $80.34. Which of the following statements is true?A. Tickets are sold in Kwun Tong High School.B. Its

12、unnecessary to take soft drinks with you.C. Free digital cameras are provided for everybody.D. Festival food will be served without extra charge.COne day, Jack threw some papers on my desk. “Whats wrong?” I asked. “Next time you want to change anything, ask me first,” he said, and left. I had made j

13、ust one small change. But its not that I hadnt been warned. My colleagues had said he was responsible for the resignations of the two previous secretaries. As the weeks went by, I came to look down on Jack.After another of his episodes had left me in tears I stormed into his office. “what?” he said

14、suddenly. “Jack, the way youve been treating me is wrong. Ive never had anyone speak to me that way. As a professional, its wrong for me to allow it to continue,” I said. Jack smiled nervously, “Susan, I make you a promise that I will be a friend. I will treat you as you deserve to be treated, with

15、respect and kindness.”Jack avoided me the rest of the week, and never questioned my work again. I brought cookies to the office one day and left some on his desk. Another day I left a note: ”Hope your day is going great. ” Over the next few weeks, there were no more Jack episodes. One year laterI di

16、scovered I had breast cancer, and was scared. The statistics were not great for my long-term survival.One day, however, Jack visited me in the hospital and silently handed me a bundle with several bulbs inside. “Tulips(郁金香),” he said. I smiled, not understanding. “If you plant them when you get home

17、, theyll come up next spring. I think you will be there to see them when they come up. Next spring you will see the colours I picked out for you.” Tears clouded my eyes and he left. I have seen those red and white striped（有條紋的） tulips push through the soil every spring for over ten years now. This p

18、ast September the doctor declared me cured. At a moment when I was praying for just the right word, a man with very few words said all the right things. After all, thats what friends do.31. Jack became angry that day because_.A. he was feeling unwellB. Susan had failed to keep his office cleanC. he

19、felt Susan changed too much about the papersD. Susan had changed something without his permission32. Susan stormed into jacks office to tell Jack that_.A. he wasnt worthy of respectB. he should apologize to her right awayC. she would treat him the way he treated herD. one should show others respect

20、and kindness33. Which of the following describes Susan?A. Moody but firm.B. Shy and demandingC. Confident and friendly.D. Tough and troublesome.A. Jack cares about his employees34. From the passage, we can conclude that_.B. Jack gets along well with his employeesC. Jack is always particular about hi

21、s workD. Jack doesnt care about the feelings of others35. We can infer from the passage that_.A. a friend in need is a friend in deedB. a few words can be as meaningful as manyC. a friend who says little must be a good friendD. we must treat disrespectful people with disrespectDD.My family and I liv

22、ed across the street from Southway Park since I was four years old. Then just last year they city put a chain link fence around the park and started bulldozing (用推土機(jī)推平) the trees and grass to make way for a new apartment complex. When I saw the fence and bulldozers, I asked myself, “Why dont they ju

23、st leave it alone?”Looking back, I think what sentenced the part to oblivion (別遺忘) was the drought (旱災(zāi)) we had about four years ago. Up until then, Southway Park was a nice green park with plenty of trees and a public swimming pool. My friends and I rollerskated on the sidewalks, climbed the tress,

24、and swam in the pool all the years I was growing up. The park was almost like my own yard. Then the summer I was fifteen the drought came and things changed.There had been almost no rain at all that year. The city stopped watering the park grass. Within a few weeks I found myself living across the s

25、treet from a huge brown desert. Leaves fell off the park tress, and pretty soon the trees started dying, too. Next, the park swimming pool was closed. The city cut down on the work force that kept the park, and pretty soon it just got too ugly and dirty to enjoy anymore.As the drought lasted into th

26、e fall, the park got worse every month. The rubbish piled up or blew across the brown grass. Soon the only people in the park were beggars and other people down on their luck. People said drugs were being sold or traded there now. The park had gotten scary, and my mother told us kids not to go there

27、 anymore.The drought finally ended and things seemed to get back to normal, that is, everything but the park. It had gotten into such bad shape that the city just let it stay that way. Then about six months ago I heard that the city was going to “redevelop” certain worn-out areas of the city. It tur

28、ned out that the city had planned to get rid of the park, sell the land and let someone build rows of apartment buildings on it.The chain-link fencing and the bulldozers did their work. Now we live across the street from six rows of apartment buildings. Each of them is three units high and stretches

29、 a block in each direction. The neighborhood has changed without the park. The streets I used to play in are jammed with cars now. Things will never be the same again. Sometimes I wonder, though, what changes another drought would make in the way things are today.53. How did the writer feel when he

30、saw the fence and bulldozers?A. Scared. B. Confused. C. Upset. D. Curious.54. Why was the writer told not to go to the park by his mother?A. It was being rebuilt. B. It was dangerous.C. It because crowded. D. It had turned into a desert.55. According to the writer, what eventually brought about the

31、disappearance of the park?A. The drought. B. The crime.C. The beggars and the rubbish. D. The decisions of the city.56. The last sentence of the passage implies that if another drought came, _.A. the situation would be much worseB. people would have to desert their homesC. the city would be fully pr

32、epared in advanceD. the city would have to redevelop the neighborhoodA【要點(diǎn)綜述】本文主要講述的是壓力對人做出決定的影響以及男女在面對壓力時決定方式的不同。64. A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadnt gone through th

33、e stress.”可知A為正確答案。65. A推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章標(biāo)題和實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容，可知作者要說明的是“The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.”(第二段)。所以選A。66. D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第七段“Men who had been stressed by the coldwater task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opp

34、osite way.”可知D為正確選項(xiàng)。B 31.【答案】D32.【答案】A33.【答案】C34.【答案】BC 【文章大意】本文主要為我們講述了作者和Jack之間由開始的沖突不斷，到后來作者患癌后Jack 對她的鼓勵，才發(fā)現(xiàn)Jack 是一個真正的朋友。31【答案】D【 解析】根據(jù)文章中“Next time you want to change anything, ask me first,” he said, and left. I had made just one small change.可知答案為D。32【答案】D【 解析】Susan 沖到Jack 的辦公室是覺得Jack對她太沒有禮貌

35、，不尊重她。33【答案】C【 解析】A.易怒但倔強(qiáng)；B.害羞且苛求C.自信，友好D.堅(jiān)韌，愛惹麻煩。根據(jù)文意可知答案為C。34【答案】A【 解析】結(jié)合全文可知Jack 其實(shí)是一個關(guān)心同事的人。這一點(diǎn)可以從作者生病后Jack 的表現(xiàn)看出。35【答案】B【 解析】根據(jù)文章中最后一句a man with very few words said all the right things. After all, thats what friends do.可知答案為B。D 本文是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。53答案：C考點(diǎn)：解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段敘述了解到作者從四歲開始住在Southway Park對面。

36、從第二段了解到作者小時候和朋友在公園里玩耍。而現(xiàn)在公園被圍了起來，事實(shí)上，作者是很失望、沮喪，自己不能去玩了，而且樹都被砍掉了。54答案：B考點(diǎn)：解析：推理判斷題。仔細(xì)閱讀第四段，可以了解到，公園被廢棄了，里面住著流浪漢，甚至有人販毒，所以母親叮囑我們不要去那里，因?yàn)槲ｋU。55答案：D考點(diǎn)：解析：推理判斷題。從第五段，可以明顯的了解到：干旱結(jié)束了，但是政府仍然對公園不管不問，而是要重新規(guī)劃這塊廢棄地，在作者眼中是“the city had planned to get rid of the park”。故選擇D。56答案：A考點(diǎn)：解析：推理判斷題。最后一段作者描述了目前自己居住的街道的變化，變得更加擁擠了。從而作者有了另一種思考：如果再來一次干旱，是否會造成如這次干旱一樣的一些變化。從而可推測作者是隱射，環(huán)境會變的更加糟糕。