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1、2020高考二輪復習英語學案 專題六 動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài) 【典例精析】1.（2020全國I卷，27） —Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time? —Yes, since she ______ the Chinese Society. A. has joined B. joins C. had joined D. joined 【解析】D句意：—你認識Dr. Jackson好久時間了嗎? —是的，自從她加入漢語協(xié)會我就認識她。Since 自從......以來，引導時間狀語從句，強調(diào)過去認識時的時間，第一句話所用的現(xiàn)在完成時是判斷該

2、句子時態(tài)的重要依據(jù)。 2.（2020遼寧卷,23）We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we ______ each other for years. A. knew B. have known C. have known D. know 【解析】C句意：在2000年我們第一次在火車上相遇。我倆同時立刻趕到彼此認識多年了。根據(jù)題干第二句可知主句為過去時，而that 引導的賓語從句的謂語動詞又發(fā)生在主句動詞之前，即為過去的過去，故用過去完成時來表示。 3

3、.（2020天津卷，14） He _____ football regularly for many years when he was young. A. was playing B. played C. has played D. had played 【解析】D句意：他年輕的時候踢了多年的足球。句中的when he was young是表示過去的時間狀語。題干中沒有強調(diào)在過去的某個時間段正在發(fā)生某事，故排除A項；句中也沒有信息詞強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系，故排除C項；句中也沒有以過去的某個時間點或動作點作為參照，故排除D項。 4.（0

4、9北京）27. The way the guests ___ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service. A. treated B. were treated C. would treat D. would be treated 【解析】B考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)的用法。The guests 與treat之間是被動的關(guān)系，并且動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，所以用一般過去時的被動形式。 5.（09天津）2. My parents _____ in Hong Kong. They were born there and

5、have never lived anywhere else. A. live B. lived C. were living D. will live 【解析】A考查時態(tài)。后句意思“他們出生在香港，從來沒有去過別的地方”，由此可知前句“一直在香港住”，時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時，說明事實，故選A。 6.（09福建）6 -Why does the Lake smell terrible? -Because large quantities of water . A. have polluted B. is being pollu

6、ted C. has been polluted D. have been polluted 【解析】D考查動詞時態(tài)，語態(tài)和主謂語一致。根據(jù)前一分句可知所填動詞表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響，時態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時，動詞與主語是被動關(guān)系，用被動語態(tài)。主語是large quantities of water，其中心詞是quantities，是復數(shù)，謂語動詞用復數(shù)，選D。 7.（09福建）7. According to the literary review, Shakespeare his charities live through their language in his

7、 plays. A. will make B. had made C. was making D. makes 【解析】D考查動詞時態(tài)。題干是陳述一個客觀真理，用一般現(xiàn)在時，選D。 8.（09湖南）8．Would you please keep silent? The weather report and _________I want to listen. A. is broadcast B. is being broadcast C. has been broadcast D. had be

8、en broadcast 【解析】B考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意為：請保持安靜行嗎? 我想聽正在廣播的天氣報告。說話間正在發(fā)生的動作，應(yīng)用進行時同時表示被動含義。故選B。 9（09湖南）9.— The food here is nice enough. — My friend ______ me a right place. A. introduces B. introduced C. had introduced D. was introducing 【解析】B考查時態(tài)的用法。句意為：——這里的食物不錯?！业呐笥呀榻B給我一個正確的地方。表示過去的行為。 10.（09江西

9、）10. At present, one of the apartments in favor of the new airport ________ that it will going a lot jobs to the area. A. is B. are C. will be D. were 【解析】A本題考查時態(tài)的用法。根據(jù)at present =now 可知，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。 11.（09江西）11. ------- What is the price of petrol these days -------

10、Oh, it ______ sharply since last month. A. is raised B. has risen C. has arisen D. is increased 【解析】B本題考查時態(tài)的用法。 根據(jù)since last month 可知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。 12.（09江西）12. ---Do you want a lift home? ---It’s very kind of you, but I have a much late in the office. I overslept this morning becaus

11、e my morning clock _______. A. doesn’t go off B. won’t gone C. wasn’t going off D. didn’t go on 【解析】D本題考查時態(tài)的用法。根據(jù)I overslept this morning 可知應(yīng)用一般過去時。 13.（09海南）13. His sister left home in 1998, and since. A. had not been heard of B. has not been heard of C. had not heard of D.

12、has not heard of 【解析】B句意為：他的妹妹在1998年離開家，自從那時就沒有音訊了。用現(xiàn)在完成時的否定結(jié)構(gòu)。 14.（09海南）14. Edward, you play so well. But I you played the piano. A. didn’t know B. hadn’t known C. don’t know D. haven’t known 【解析】A句意為：愛德華,你打得好。但我不知道你彈鋼琴。所談?wù)摰氖侵高^去行為，故用過去式。 15.（09山東）15. The number of foreign studen

13、ts attending Chinese universities ________ rising steadily since1990. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been 【解析】C本題考查主謂一致和時態(tài)，主語是 the number故謂語動詞用單數(shù)，又因時間狀語是since 1997所以用完成時態(tài)。 16.（09山東）16. I was out of town at the time, so I don’t know exactly how it _______.

14、 A. was happening B. happened C. happens D. has happened 【解析】B本題考查具體語境中的時態(tài)，后一句隱藏的時間狀語是at the time. 【專題突破】動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)做題技巧如下： 1. 根據(jù)題干中的時間標志詞選擇時態(tài) 動詞時態(tài)須與句中時間狀語一致。高考題常在題干中加入具體情景,以測試考生對動詞時態(tài)知識的實際運用能力。因此敏銳捕捉時間標志詞,并結(jié)合具體的語境,選擇出正確的動詞時態(tài)。 2. 根據(jù)主從句時態(tài)呼應(yīng)的原則選擇時態(tài) 近年來的高考試題一般不再單純考查主從句的時態(tài)呼應(yīng),而是將其放在

15、真實的并且符合實際的語境中進行考查,也會結(jié)合強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)等其它語法現(xiàn)象進行考查。 考生在根據(jù)時態(tài)呼應(yīng)原則解題時,要把握好以下幾點： ①在時間、條件等狀語從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)表示一般將來時態(tài),一般過去時態(tài)表示過去將來時態(tài),用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)表示將來完成時態(tài)。 ② 正確認定主句動詞及從句動詞兩個動作發(fā)生的時間,并認真體會命題者所給出的語境。 ③ 解答賓語從句與主句時態(tài)呼應(yīng)題時,考生應(yīng)熟知以下規(guī)則: 如果主句動詞為現(xiàn)在時態(tài),則從句動詞可根據(jù)需要使用任何時態(tài)，如果主句動詞為過去時態(tài),則從句動詞須用合適的過去的某種時態(tài)(表示客觀真理時使用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài))。 3. 根據(jù)具體的語言環(huán)境選擇時態(tài) 近年來高考

16、試題對時態(tài)考查的要求越來越高,大部分試題趨向情境化、實際化?？忌蹲叫畔?理解情境,綜合運用,靈活答題。 1．So far this year we ____ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen 2．Scientists think that the continents ______ always where they ______ today. A．a(chǎn)ren’t; are

17、 B．a(chǎn)ren’t; were C．weren’t; are D．weren’t; were 3．They ______ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _____ on it as no good results have come out so far. A．had been working; are still working B．had worked; were still working C．have worke

18、d; were still working D．have worked; are still working 4．The country life he was used to _______ greatly since 1992. A．change B．has changed C．changing D．have changed 5．With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ______ each year. A．is washing away

19、 B．is being washed away C．a(chǎn)re washing away D．a(chǎn)re being washed away 6．--________David and Vicky ________married? --For about three years． A．How long were；being B．How long have；got C．How long have；been D．How long did；get 7．When the old man ___

20、____ to walk back to his house, the sun ______ itself behind the mountain. A．started; had already hidden B．had started; had already hidden C．had started; was hiding D．was starting; hid 8．If their marketing plans succeed, they ____ their sales by 20 percent. A. will increase

21、 B. have been increasing C. have increased D. would be increasing 9．They ______ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we ______ on it as no good results have come out so far. A．had been working; are still working B．had worked; were sti

22、ll working C．have worked; were still working D．have worked; are still working 10．As soon as he comes back, I’ll tell him when _______ and see him. A．you will come B．will you come C．you come D．do you come 11．We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we _____

23、_ each other for years. A. knew B. have known C. had known D. know 12．I got caught in the rain and my suit____. A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined 13． The hero’s story differently in the newspapers. A．was reported B．was reporti

24、ng C．reports D．reported 14．Now that she is out of job, Lucy ______ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. A．had considered B．has been considering C．considered D．is going to consider 參考答案及解析 1.【解析】D 根據(jù)時間狀語so far可知道用現(xiàn)在完成時，故選D 2.【解析】C本題考查時態(tài)。由第二個空后的時間狀語today可知第二個空應(yīng)使用

25、現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，故淘汰B、D兩項，又因為句子內(nèi)容是在不同時期的continents的位置進行對比，因此，應(yīng)選擇C項。 3.【解析】A 此題考查的是時態(tài)問題。從before引導的從句中的過去時態(tài)可知主句的時態(tài)應(yīng)為過去完成時。故排除C、D。now一詞提示用現(xiàn)在進行時，表示“他們一直工作了一周”，強調(diào)動作的連續(xù)。 4.【解析】B句中有since引導時間狀語，這說明主句應(yīng)為完成時，淘汰A、C。又因主語life為單數(shù)，淘汰D項，故選B。 5.【解析】D句意為“隨著更多森林被毀，每年有許多良田被沖”。本題考查主謂一致及被動語態(tài)問題。a large quantity of /large quantitie

26、s of 后既可以加不可數(shù)名詞也可以加復數(shù)名詞，其謂語動詞與quantity的數(shù)保持一致。 6.【解析】C 從答語For about three years判斷，該題問的是動作持續(xù)了多久，用現(xiàn)在完成時，排除A、D選項。get married強調(diào)的是結(jié)婚這一動作，不能延續(xù)，排除B。be married表示已婚的狀態(tài)，可以延續(xù)。 7.【解析】A此題考查的是時態(tài)問題。此題句意為“當老人開始往家走時，太陽已經(jīng)下山了”。太陽落山的動作發(fā)生在開始往家走之前，即從句用一般過去時，主句用過去完成時。故選A。 8.【解析】A 在條件狀語從句（if，as long as，even if）、時間狀語從句（wh

27、en，until，before，the moment…）中往往用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。 9.【解析】A 此題考查的是時態(tài)問題。從before引導的從句中的過去時態(tài)可知主句的時態(tài)應(yīng)為過去完成時。故排除C、D。now一詞提示用現(xiàn)在進行時，表示“他們一直工作了一周”，強調(diào)動作的連續(xù)。 10.【解析】A本題考查賓語從句的語序和時態(tài)。根據(jù)賓語從句應(yīng)使用陳述語序，淘汰B、D兩項，又因為賓語從句come和see發(fā)生的時間為將來的動作就直接選用將來時態(tài)。只有在狀語從句中才可以用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的動作，而賓語從句中不可，因此淘汰C。 11.【解析】C用過去完成時，有過去時間2000，表達過去的過去。 1

28、2.【解析】C在句子的情景中,表示“淋雨造成的結(jié)果”。故選C 13.【解析】A句意為“那位英雄的故事與在報紙上報道的不一樣”。根據(jù)句意可判斷英雄的事跡被報道為過去的事，所以用過去時的某個語態(tài)，排除C項；B、D兩項為主動語態(tài)，不符合題干要求。 14.【解析】B 根據(jù)所提供的情景but she hasn’t decided yet 說明了Lucy還在考慮這件事，要用現(xiàn)在完成進行時，表示動作還在繼續(xù)。 【學法導航】考生在復習備考中要掌握基本、牢記特殊、分析結(jié)構(gòu)、理解語境。綜觀近年來的高考單項填空題,動詞成為考查的熱點,在15個單項選擇中，考查動詞時態(tài)的題一般不少于2道，動詞的時態(tài)常和語態(tài)、主謂

29、一致結(jié)合在一起進行考查。然而,英語時態(tài)多16種,常用的也有8種之多,且近幾年的高考在考查時態(tài)時,形式靈活多樣,多體現(xiàn)在上下文語境中,且融多個考點于一題,這樣無形中增加了試題的難度。其實，分析近幾年的時態(tài)語態(tài)題，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)其命題的三個角度：一是直接給定時間狀語，考生可直接根據(jù)所給時間狀語作出選擇；二是給定時間狀語，但所給時間狀語有著較強的干擾性和迷惑性，考生不能直接根據(jù)時間狀語進行選擇；三是題干中不提供任何時間狀語，而給出一個上下文情景或一個結(jié)構(gòu)較為復雜的句子，考生必須仔細分析語境，才能作出判斷并選擇最佳答案?？忌鷳?yīng)對的策略是： 1.捕捉信息,理解情境,綜合運用,靈活答題。答題時，研讀題干，

30、搜索出盡可能多的“時間參考信息”，如：haven’t said, was doing等，這些表達中都含有時間信息，發(fā)現(xiàn)和有效利用這些信息是解決問題的關(guān)鍵。 2.要求考生解決時態(tài)和語態(tài)問題，要遵循如下解題思路： ① 這個動作可能發(fā)生在什么時間？題干句中可參照的時間信息有那些？ ② 這個動作處于什么時態(tài)，是進行中，還是已經(jīng)結(jié)束（完成）？限制或修飾這個動作的狀語信息有哪些？ ③ 這個動作與主語的關(guān)系，是主動還是被動？ 只要全面細致地考慮了這些問題的答案，試題的正確答案也就水落石出了。 【專題綜合】1.The number of people, who have access to the

31、ir own cars, ____sharply in the past decade． A．rose B．is rising C．have risen D．has risen 2．一I like British culture very much，and I once went to London. 一How long ______ there? A.did you stay B．have you stayed C．were you staying D．had you stayed 3.If the weather had been bette

32、r, we could have had a picnic. But it_____all day. A．rained B．rains C．has rained D．is raining 4. This kind of cloth _______ well. I think it is worthy ________. A. washes; buying B. is washed; buying C. washes; to be bought D. is washed; to be bought 5

33、. I would have come earlier，but I ________that you were waiting． A．didn’t know B．hadn’t known C．wouldn’t know D．haven’t know 6.—John and Lucia got married last week. Did you go to their wedding? —No, I_____ a lecture in another city. A．gave B．have given C．had given

34、 D．was giving 7. The professor, as well as his wife，______see a film tonight． A．is B．is going to C．a(chǎn)re going to D．have gone to 8.— How dangerous it was！ —Yes，but for the passer-by’s quick action, the girl ____ . A．was drowned B．would have been drowned C． had drowned

35、 D．should be drowned 9. Every day the boy, together with his classmates, ______ to go to the playground and _____ football, ____ themselves. A. are noticed; play; enjoying B. is noticed; plays; enjoying C. are noticed; plays; enjoys D. is noticed; play; enjoying 10. Nex

36、t time you ____here，let’s have lunch together． A．will be B．a(chǎn)re C．have been D．were 11. It seems water ______ from this tap for some time. We’ll have to take it apart to put it right. A. had leaked?? B. is leaking?? ? C. leaked??? D. has been leaking 12. —

37、Don’t you feel surprised to see Bruce at the meeting? —Yes. I really didn’t think she ________ here. A. has been???? B. had been C. would be??? ? D. would have been 13. Our team was ahead during the first half, but we ________ in the last ten minutes. A. had lost??? ? B. would lo

38、se??? C. were losing???? D. lost 14. — Look! How long ________ like this? ?? —Three weeks! It’s usual here that rain _______ without stopping these days of the year. A. has it rained; pours??????? B. has it been raining; pours C. is it raining; is pouring?? D. does it rain; p

39、ours 15. —Can I help you, Madam? ?? — No, thanks. I_______. A. have just looked around????? B. just look around C. just looked around???? D. am just looking around 16. —I haven’t seen you for ages. Where have you been? ??? — I _______ on leave in Europe. A. have been?

40、?? B. am???? C. was???? D. had been 17. —Have you heard from Janet recently? ?? —No, but I ______ her over Christmas.? A. saw??? B. will be seeing C. have seen??D. have been seeing 18. —Tom came back home the day before yesterday. ??? — Really? Where __________ at all? A

41、. had he been???? ?B. has he been C. had he gone??D. has he gone 19. ―What’s the matter? You look worried and restless. ??? ―Oh, nothing really serious. As a matter of fact, I ______ of my graduation thesis. I have to hand it in soon. A. am just thinking?B. just thought C. have just thoug

42、ht D. was just thinking 20. ―Why? Where is the key to the sound lab? ??? ―Dear me! You _______ it in the taxi！ A. have never left?B. never left C. haven’t left???D. didn’t leave 21. —What were you up to when she dropped in? ??? —I _________ for a while and __________ some reading. A.

43、was playing; was going to do??? B. played; did C. had played; was going to do???? D. had played; did 22. My mind wasn’t on what he was saying so I’m afraid I _______ half of it. A. was missing???? B. had missed????? C. will miss???? D. missed 參考答案及解析 1.【解析】D in the past ye

44、ars通常和完成時連用，排除A 和B；由The number of people可知應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，因此排除C。 2.【解析】A 又”and I once went to London” 可知是對過去事情的陳述，因此應(yīng)用一般過去時，意思是：你那時在那呆了多長時間？ 3.【解析】A If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic.此句是對過去事情的假設(shè)，但事實上下了一天雨，根據(jù)句意，最后一句應(yīng)用一般過去時，表示對過去事實的陳述。 4.【解析】C動詞wash 一般用主動形式表示被動意義，排除B和 D兩項；be worthy

45、to do sth值得做某事，固定搭配，因此選C。 5.【解析】A I would have come earlier這句是對過去事情的假設(shè)，后半句是對過去事情的陳述，強調(diào)剛才我不知道你們在等待，事實上現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)知道了，因此應(yīng)用一般過去時。 6.【解析】D last week可知事情發(fā)生在過去，Did you go to their wedding? 是對過去事情的提問，回答也應(yīng)用過去時，排除選項B。根據(jù)題意，強調(diào)上周John 和 Lucia結(jié)婚時我正在另外一個城市演講，應(yīng)用過去進行時，因此選D。 7.【解析】B由tonight 這個時間狀語可知應(yīng)用一般將來時態(tài)，排除A D兩項；根據(jù)主謂一

46、致，這個句子的主語是The professor，謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，因此答案為B。 8.【解析】B句意：要不是過路者的迅速行動，那個女孩有可能會溺水。這是對過去事情的假設(shè)，應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，主句部分吧時態(tài)應(yīng)用情態(tài)動詞+ have done 這種形式，根據(jù)據(jù)以，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，因此選B 9.【解析】D 這句話的主語是the boy, 因此第一個空應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，排除選項A 和C；play football和go to the playground為并列短語，跟在不定式to 的后面，因此排除B。 10【解析】B 本題考查時態(tài)的用法。在時間、條件狀語從句中，從句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在時表將來。Next time引

47、導的是一個表示將來的時間狀語從句，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時的形式；have lunch together是一個表示一般將來的事情。 11.【解析】D根據(jù)句中時間狀語for some time以及后一分句的動詞時態(tài)可知，選項動詞動作強調(diào)到現(xiàn)在為止并仍在繼續(xù)，故應(yīng)排除選項A、C。由于選項B現(xiàn)在進行時不可與一段時間狀語連用，所以排除選項B，選D現(xiàn)在完成進行時。 12.【解析】C根據(jù)上下文語境可知，選項動作已在過去發(fā)生或完成。但根據(jù)I really didn’t think可以判斷出從句中的動作是從過去某時間看將來要發(fā)生的事，故應(yīng)選過去將來時。 13.【解析】D but前后兩個半句應(yīng)用相同時態(tài)，后半句是在

48、說比賽結(jié)果，應(yīng)用一般過去時lost。 14.【解析】B問某種狀態(tài)持續(xù)多長時間，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進行時，而第二個空是指一般狀態(tài)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時，選B。 15.【解析】D此處用I am just looking around表示我只是正在隨便看看，just可以和現(xiàn)在進行時連用，表示只是怎么怎么樣。 16.【解析】C 此題可能會誤選A，前者說“我好幾年未見你，去哪兒了？”可見他已經(jīng)回來，因此他去歐洲的動作已發(fā)生過了，應(yīng)用過去時來回答where have you been? A則是說我有去過歐洲的事實。 17.【解析】B 第一句中用了have，而第二句回答No，所以說話人近來都沒有Janet的消息

49、，而A、C、D都表示有她的消息，所以只能選B，表示將來進行時。 18.【解析】A come back是過去，而問句中的動作發(fā)生在came back之前，是過去的過去，所以要用過去完成時，而且Tom已經(jīng)回來，所以要用been，而gone是去了還未回來。 19.【解析】D考查動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)。從會話可知，答話人是在解釋他look worried and restless 的原因，因為他（剛才）是在思考畢業(yè)論文的事，這是說話前的那個時刻正在發(fā)生的事情。故應(yīng)用過去進行時描寫正在進行的動作。 20.【解析】B 考查語境。答語“你千萬別把它忘在出租車里！”表示吃驚。而“忘”這一動作應(yīng)用一般過去時，但

50、否定口氣應(yīng)用never。因為句子用的是感嘆號，不應(yīng)用D項。又如：You never left the key in the lock! （你總不會把鑰匙留在鎖孔里吧?。? 21.解析】C 由第一句可判斷出第二句描述的事情發(fā)生在過去，for a while是相對于when she dropped in來說的when she dropped in，“我已經(jīng)玩一會兒了”，因此該用過去完成時態(tài)．再看后一個動作，承接前面for a while，仍然在過去，had played for a while之后，因此應(yīng)用過去將來時，表示過去那個時間將要發(fā)生的動作，故選C 22.【解析】D此題考查的是動詞的時態(tài)。句意：（那時）我的注意力沒有集中在他所說的內(nèi)容，因此，恐怕有一半沒聽到。missed表示“（那時）沒聽到”。所以要用過去時態(tài)。