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1、【優(yōu)化指導(dǎo)】（課標(biāo)全國）高考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 課時(shí)作業(yè)43 北師大版一、單項(xiàng)填空1(2020江西師大附中高三期中)By all _，you must try every _ to help him.Amean；meanBmeans；meansCmeans；mean Dmean；means2(2020洛陽月考)The poor mother，who had been ill in bed，had to have her little son _ at his uncles.Aadapted BadoptedCadjusted Dapplied3(2020合肥調(diào)研)Elizabeth has alrea

2、dy achieved success _ her wildest dreams.Aat BbeyondCwithin Dupon4(2020安慶月考)_ in loveless marriages，many women feel that life is colorless.ATrapping BTo trapCTo be trapped DTrapped5As we all know，theory is based on practice and _ serves practice.Ain turn Bin returnCin short Din nature6Our school doe

3、snt _ students staying in the classroom too long.We students should have enough time for sports.Aadvocate BadmitCassess Dapproach7She_when she heard the news，but quickly recovered.Abroke away Bbroke downCbroke out Dbroke up8I cant stand Jack.He is too inefficient!Nobody is perfect.Try to be _ to oth

4、ers.Aconsidering BconsideredCconsiderable Dconsiderate9The manager was unable to attend but sent his deputy(副手)as a _.Areplacement BsubstitutionCsubstitute Dchange10You should _ the opportunity to study in college.Or you will be regretful.Awatch BrefuseCmiss Dseize11She never dreamed of _ a chance f

5、or her to meet her old friends again.Athere being Bthere to beCthere was Dbeing12His appearance is not _ to whether he is a good leader.Ainvolved BrelevantCproper Dsimilar13The bus driver should _ the safety of the passengers.Aanswer for Bcall forClong for Dthirst for14The attack by terrorists has b

6、een _ by the entire world.Acondemned BscoldedCcriticized Dblamed15_ the watch _ and see if you can see whats wrong with it.ATell；apart BTake；apartCApart；from DSet；apart二、完形填空When I was young，I belonged to a club that did community service work.There was one specific event that was unusual for me.I s

7、pent three or four hours handing out warm dinner to the homeless out in the streets.After that I went to a homeless shelter not far from the Bay Bridge.I was in high school and at that time my sister was too young to _1_.She wanted to help，_2_ she made four or five dozen chocolate chip cookies for m

8、e to _3_ and hand out to people.When getting to the homeless shelter _4_ passed out the remaining meals._5_，I began making sandwiches and _6_ them with the crowd.I had the containers with my _7_ cookies in them and began to _8_，offering them to anyone near me.I _9_ an old gentleman and said，“Sir，wou

9、ld you like a cookie？”He stopped and turned around，_10_ and said，“What did you say? Did you call me sir？”I told him I _11_，and his eyes _12_ a little bit and he said，“No one has _13_ called me sir.”So he _14_.It struck me.I explained I had been raised that _15_ color and social status，everyone deser

10、ved respect.It _16_ me to think that just because he was homeless，no one _17_ him the honor.It broke my heart，and I _18_ .I just didnt understand _19_ no one ever called him sir? I had never thought that anyone was below me because I wasnt raised that way.Every _20_ person deserves to be treated wit

11、h dignity.Years later，I still carry that memory and the lessons it taught me.Sometimes，what we take for granted can really make a difference in someones life.How have you made a difference to others? How have others made a difference to you?1A.participate BinvolveCchoose Dgo2A.however BbutCyet Dso3A

12、.bring BfetchCcollect Dtake4A.I ByouCshe Dwe5A.First BNextCThird DFinally6A.shared BgaveChelped Dassisted7A.classmates BschoolmatesCsisters Dfamilys8A.walk around Bknock aroundCcome around Dstand around9A.went BcameCapproached Dmet10A.looked at me rightlyBstared at me with difficultyCglared at me in

13、 angerDlooked me right in the eye11A.had BcalledCwould Ddo12A.watered BcriedCtore Ddropped13A.already BeverCstill Dyet14A.was completely frightenedBwas not a little confusedCwas completely taken abackDwas not a bit surprised15A.in spite of Bregardless ofCconcerned about Dfor fear of16A.strengthened

14、BsaddenedCfrightened Dpleased17A.handed BaffordedCprovided Dsupplied18A.had no choice but to cryBcouldnt help to cryChad no right to cryDcouldnt help but cry19A.what BwhenCwhether Dwhy20A.single BpoorCordinary Dnormal三、閱讀理解Some blogs have been giving attention to Tim Harfords new book Adapt：Why Succ

15、ess Always Starts with Failure.For the good of the world，more people should be aware of its contents.So Im doing my bit to make it known to the public.Harford starts out from the starting point that the world is a very complicated and difficult place.At the dawn of the automobile industry roughly 2,

16、000 car companies sprang into being.Less than 1 percent of them survived.Even if you make it to the top，it is very hard to stay there.The historian Leslie Hannah identified the ten largest American companies in 1912.None of those companies ranked in the top 100 by 1990.Harfords basic lesson is that

17、you have to design your life to make effective use of failure.You have to design systems through trial and error，or，to borrow a term from the natural word，evolution.Most successful enterprises are built through a process of exploring and adaptation，not planning.The Russian thinker Peter Palchinsky u

18、nderstood the basic structure of smart change.First seek out new ideas and approaches.Next，try them on a scale small enough that their failure is survivable.Then find a feedback mechanism(反饋機(jī)制)so you can tell which new thing is failing and which is succeeding.Thats the modelvariation，survivability a

19、nd selection.Harford then illustrates how this basic process can work across a variety of contexts，from business to war to poetry.Hes an able guide to the world of human unreliability.For example，he mentions James Reason，who identifies three kinds of error.First there are slips.In 2020 a young Japan

20、ese trader meant to sell one share of stock at 600,000 yen but accidentally sold 600,000 shares at 1 yen.Then there are violations，when someone intentionally breaks the rules.This is what Bernie Madoff did.Then there are mistakesthings you do on purpose that have unintended consequences.Harford is a

21、n economic journalist，but he offers a very useful guide for people preparing to live in the world as it really is.1Why did the author write this text?ABlogs have given too much attention to a new book.BIt is his job to advertise the book.CNobody yet knows the contents of this book.DHe wants more peo

22、ple to know the contents of Tim Harfords new book.2What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning the automobile industry?AMany car companies used to exist.BThe top 100 companies have fallen far behind.CThe world is full of complications and hardship.DThe world is a good place for competition

23、.3Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?ASuccessful enterprises are planned.BOne learns by trying new things on a large scale.CThe basic structure of smart change is variation，survivability and selection.DHarford tells us to take advantage of success.4What is the main idea of the text

24、?APeople are unreliable.BTake advantage of failure and live well in the real world.CWe can never avoid failure.DJames Reason has a new idea about failure.參考答案與解析課時(shí)作業(yè)(四十三)Unit 22A卷一、單項(xiàng)填空5解析：考查介詞短語辨析。in turn “依次；反過來”；in return “作為回報(bào)”；in short “簡而言之”； in nature “在本質(zhì)上”。句意：正如我們所知，理論來自于實(shí)踐，反過來又服務(wù)于實(shí)踐。答案：A6解

25、析：考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。前句句意：我們學(xué)校不贊成學(xué)生待在教室里時(shí)間太長。advocate 贊成，擁護(hù)；admit 承認(rèn)；assess 評(píng)估；approach 靠近。答案：A7解析：考查break動(dòng)詞短語辨析。break away“脫離；革除”，break down“(機(jī)器)損壞，(身體)垮掉；情緒突然失控(如突然大哭)”，break out“(戰(zhàn)爭、火災(zāi)等)突然發(fā)生”，break up“擊碎；驅(qū)散”。句意：她聽到消息突然哭起來，但很快就恢復(fù)過來了。答案：B8解析：答語句意：人無完人，對(duì)別人應(yīng)該體諒一些。considerate“關(guān)心的，體貼的”。答案：D9解析：句意：經(jīng)理不能出席，派了個(gè)副手代表他

26、。substitute作名詞，意為“代替的人或物”，而A、B兩項(xiàng)均表示代替動(dòng)作本身，D項(xiàng)不合句意。答案：C10解析：句意：你應(yīng)該抓住在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)，否則你會(huì)后悔的。watch觀看；refuse拒絕；miss錯(cuò)過，懷念；seize抓住。答案：D11解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。題干句子中的dream of后面接v.ing作賓語，of后面接的是由there be句型引導(dǎo)的句子，故應(yīng)用there being。答案：A12解析：be relevant to (sb./sth.)“有關(guān)的，切題的”符合句意。involved“有關(guān)聯(lián)”，常與介詞in搭配；proper“合適的，恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?；similar“相似的，類

27、似的”。答案：B13解析：句意：公交車司機(jī)應(yīng)該對(duì)乘客的安全負(fù)責(zé)。answer for“對(duì)負(fù)責(zé)”；call for“要求，需要”；long for“渴望”；thirst for“渴望得到”。答案：A14解析：condemn“譴責(zé)，責(zé)備，判刑”；scold“責(zé)罵，訓(xùn)斥”；criticize“批評(píng)，批判”；blame“責(zé)備，指責(zé)”。答案：A15解析：take sth.apart“把某物拆開”；tell apart“區(qū)分，辨別”；apart from“除了以外”；set apart“撥出，留出”。答案：B二、完形填空解題導(dǎo)語：這是一篇夾敘夾議文?！拔摇痹谑杖菟职l(fā)食物時(shí)的一次真實(shí)經(jīng)歷使“我”深深體會(huì)到

28、：拋開膚色、民族和貧富，人人都應(yīng)得到尊重。無家可歸者也有自己的尊嚴(yán)，也應(yīng)得到尊重。1解析：“我”的妹妹年齡太小，不能參與為無家可歸者分發(fā)食物這樣的善事。involve 當(dāng)“(使) 參加，加入”講時(shí)，用于involve sb.(in sth.) 的結(jié)構(gòu)中，不符合語境。答案：A2解析：于是妹妹做了幾十個(gè)巧克力酥餅讓“我”帶去分發(fā)。答案：D3解析：take 強(qiáng)調(diào)從說話的地方“帶走”，bring 強(qiáng)調(diào)“帶來”，fetch表示“去取”。答案：D4解析：從該段后面的內(nèi)容看，這里主要描述“我”參與分發(fā)食物的情況。pass out 分發(fā)，分配。答案：A5解析：“我”一到達(dá)就分發(fā)剩余的食物，之后開始自己做三明治

29、。next 強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間概念，意為“接著”。答案：B6解析：share sth.with sb.與某人分享某物。答案：A7解析：由上文可知是“我”妹妹做的巧克力酥餅。答案：C8解析：walk around 到處走動(dòng)。knock around漫游，閑逛；come around 蘇醒，恢復(fù)知覺；stand around 閑站著。答案：A9解析：“我”走近一位老人說，“先生，吃個(gè)酥餅吧？”這里是作者走近對(duì)方，與下文他停下來相呼應(yīng)。答案：C10解析：老人停下腳步，轉(zhuǎn)過身盯著我，look sb.in the eye 直視某人。答案：D11解析：這里是間接引語的省略，應(yīng)遵循時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)原則，用過去完成時(shí)。答案：A

30、12解析：老人的眼睛有點(diǎn)濕潤了。water 在這里用作動(dòng)詞，意為“(眼睛)充滿眼淚”。答案：A13解析：“從來沒有人稱呼我先生?！眅ver 常用于否定句中，和完成時(shí)連用。答案：B14解析：因此 (當(dāng)我稱呼他“先生”時(shí)) 他感到非常震驚。be taken aback 嚇了一跳，感到吃驚。A 項(xiàng)“非常害怕”，B項(xiàng)“非常迷惑”，D項(xiàng)“一點(diǎn)兒也不驚奇”，都不合語境。答案：C15解析：“我”向他解釋“我”受過教育，“我”認(rèn)為人人都應(yīng)該受到尊重，不分膚色和社會(huì)地位。答案：B16解析：當(dāng)“我”想到他因?yàn)闊o家可歸就不被尊重時(shí)感到非常難過。sadden 使悲傷。答案：B17解析：afford sb.sth.給予

31、某人某物。supply/provide sb. with sth.給某人提供某物。答案：B18解析：于是“我”禁不住哭了起來。cant help but docant help doing 禁不住做某事。答案：D19解析：“我”只是不明白為什么沒有人稱呼他“先生”呢？答案：D20解析：每一個(gè)人(無論地位高低、貧富貴賤) 都應(yīng)受到尊重。single 意為“單個(gè)的，單一的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)每一個(gè)個(gè)體。答案：A三、閱讀理解解題導(dǎo)語：Tim Harford 出了一本新書適應(yīng)：為什么成功源自于失?。?，在博客上一些人已經(jīng)在關(guān)注此書，作者認(rèn)為應(yīng)該有更多的人去了解其中的內(nèi)容，于是就介紹了這本書的大致內(nèi)容。1解析：推理判斷題。由首段以及全文作者對(duì)這本書內(nèi)容的介紹，我們可以知道這本書的目的就是告訴大家社會(huì)是復(fù)雜的，是困難重重的，在這樣的一個(gè)真實(shí)的社會(huì)，我們?cè)鯓永檬?，從而讓失敗成為成功之母。所以這也是作者寫此文章的原因。答案：D2解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第二段可知，作者引用這個(gè)例子就是為了說明這個(gè)社會(huì)是復(fù)雜而艱難的。答案：C