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1、【優(yōu)化指導(dǎo)】（課標(biāo)全國）高考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 課時作業(yè)43 北師大版 一、單項(xiàng)填空 1．(2020江西師大附中高三期中)By all ______，you must try every ______ to help him. A．mean；mean　　　　　　　 B．means；means C．means；mean D．mean；means 2．(2020洛陽月考)The poor mother，who had been ill in bed，had to have her little son ______ at his uncle’s. A．a(chǎn)dapted B．a(chǎn)dopt

2、ed C．a(chǎn)djusted D．a(chǎn)pplied 3．(2020合肥調(diào)研)Elizabeth has already achieved success ______ her wildest dreams. A．a(chǎn)t B．beyond C．within D．upon 4．(2020安慶月考)______ in loveless marriages，many women feel that life is colorless. A．Trapping B．To trap C．To be trapped D．Trapped 5．As we all know，theor

3、y is based on practice and ______ serves practice. A．in turn B．in return C．in short D．in nature 6．Our school doesn’t ______ students’ staying in the classroom too long.We students should have enough time for sports. A．a(chǎn)dvocate B．a(chǎn)dmit C．a(chǎn)ssess D．a(chǎn)pproach 7．She______when she heard the

4、news，but quickly recovered. A．broke away B．broke down C．broke out D．broke up 8．—I can’t stand Jack.He is too inefficient! —Nobody is perfect.Try to be ______ to others. A．considering B．considered C．considerable D．considerate 9．The manager was unable to attend but sent his deputy(副手)as

5、 a ______. A．replacement B．substitution C．substitute D．change 10．You should ______ the opportunity to study in college.Or you will be regretful. A．watch B．refuse C．miss D．seize 11．She never dreamed of ______ a chance for her to meet her old friends again. A．there being B．there to be

6、 C．there was D．being 12．His appearance is not ______ to whether he is a good leader. A．involved B．relevant C．proper D．similar 13．The bus driver should ______ the safety of the passengers. A．a(chǎn)nswer for B．call for C．long for D．thirst for 14．The attack by terrorists has been ______ by

7、 the entire world. A．condemned B．scolded C．criticized D．blamed 15．______ the watch ______ and see if you can see what’s wrong with it. A．Tell；apart B．Take；apart C．Apart；from D．Set；apart 二、完形填空 When I was young，I belonged to a club that did community service work.There was one specific

8、 event that was unusual for me.I spent three or four hours handing out warm dinner to the homeless out in the streets.After that I went to a homeless shelter not far from the Bay Bridge. I was in high school and at that time my sister was too young to __1__.She wanted to help，__2__ she made four or

9、 five dozen chocolate chip cookies for me to __3__ and hand out to people.When getting to the homeless shelter __4__ passed out the remaining meals.__5__，I began making sandwiches and __6__ them with the crowd.I had the containers with my __7__ cookies in them and began to __8__，offering them to any

10、one near me. I __9__ an old gentleman and said，“Sir，would you like a cookie？”He stopped and turned around，__10__ and said，“What did you say? Did you call me sir？”I told him I __11__，and his eyes __12__ a little bit and he said，“No one has __13__ called me sir.”So he __14__. It struck me. I explai

11、ned I had been raised that __15__ color and social status，everyone deserved respect.It __16__ me to think that just because he was homeless，no one __17__ him the honor.It broke my heart，and I __18__ .I just didn’t understand __19__ no one ever called him sir? I had never thought that anyone was belo

12、w me because I wasn’t raised that way.Every __20__ person deserves to be treated with dignity.Years later，I still carry that memory and the lessons it taught me.Sometimes，what we take for granted can really make a difference in someone’s life. How have you made a difference to others? How have othe

13、rs made a difference to you? 1．A.participate B．involve C．choose D．go 2．A.however B．but C．yet D．so 3．A.bring B．fetch C．collect D．take 4．A.I B．you C．she D．we 5．A.First B．Next C．Third D．Finally 6．A.shared B．gave C．helped D．a(chǎn)ssisted 7．A.classmate’s B．schoolma

14、te’s C．sister’s D．family’s 8．A.walk around B．knock around C．come around D．stand around 9．A.went B．came C．a(chǎn)pproached D．met 10．A.looked at me rightly B．stared at me with difficulty C．glared at me in anger D．looked me right in the eye 11．A.had B．called C．would D．do 12．A.wat

15、ered B．cried C．tore D．dropped 13．A.already B．ever C．still D．yet 14．A.was completely frightened B．was not a little confused C．was completely taken aback D．was not a bit surprised 15．A.in spite of B．regardless of C．concerned about D．for fear of 16．A.strengthened B．saddened

16、C．frightened D．pleased 17．A.handed B．a(chǎn)fforded C．provided D．supplied 18．A.had no choice but to cry B．couldn’t help to cry C．had no right to cry D．couldn’t help but cry 19．A.what B．when C．whether D．why 20．A.single B．poor C．ordinary D．normal 三、閱讀理解 Some blogs have been giv

17、ing attention to Tim Harford’s new book Adapt：Why Success Always Starts with Failure.For the good of the world，more people should be aware of its contents.So I’m doing my bit to make it known to the public. Harford starts out from the starting point that the world is a very complicated and difficul

18、t place.At the dawn of the automobile industry roughly 2,000 car companies sprang into being.Less than 1 percent of them survived.Even if you make it to the top，it is very hard to stay there.The historian Leslie Hannah identified the ten largest American companies in 1912.None of those companies ran

19、ked in the top 100 by 1990. Harford’s basic lesson is that you have to design your life to make effective use of failure.You have to design systems through trial and error，or，to borrow a term from the natural word，evolution.Most successful enterprises are built through a process of exploring and ad

20、aptation，not planning. The Russian thinker Peter Palchinsky understood the basic structure of smart change.First seek out new ideas and approaches.Next，try them on a scale small enough that their failure is survivable.Then find a feedback mechanism(反饋機(jī)制)so you can tell which new thing is failing an

21、d which is succeeding. That’s the model—variation，survivability and selection. Harford then illustrates how this basic process can work across a variety of contexts，from business to war to poetry.He’s an able guide to the world of human unreliability.For example，he mentions James Reason，who identi

22、fies three kinds of error. First there are slips.In 2020 a young Japanese trader meant to sell one share of stock at 600,000 yen but accidentally sold 600,000 shares at 1 yen.Then there are violations，when someone intentionally breaks the rules.This is what Bernie Madoff did.Then there are mistakes

23、—things you do on purpose that have unintended consequences. Harford is an economic journalist，but he offers a very useful guide for people preparing to live in the world as it really is. 1．Why did the author write this text? A．Blogs have given too much attention to a new book. B．It is his job t

24、o advertise the book. C．Nobody yet knows the contents of this book. D．He wants more people to know the contents of Tim Harford’s new book. 2．What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning the automobile industry? A．Many car companies used to exist. B．The top 100 companies have fallen far

25、 behind. C．The world is full of complications and hardship. D．The world is a good place for competition. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．Successful enterprises are planned. B．One learns by trying new things on a large scale. C．The basic structure of smart change is va

26、riation，survivability and selection. D．Harford tells us to take advantage of success. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．People are unreliable. B．Take advantage of failure and live well in the real world. C．We can never avoid failure. D．James Reason has a new idea about failure.

27、 參考答案與解析 課時作業(yè)(四十三) Unit 22　A卷 一、單項(xiàng)填空 5．解析：考查介詞短語辨析。in turn “依次；反過來”；in return “作為回報”；in short “簡而言之”； in nature “在本質(zhì)上”。句意：正如我們所知，理論來自于實(shí)踐，反過來又服務(wù)于實(shí)踐。 答案：A 6．解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。前句句意：我們學(xué)校不贊成學(xué)生待在教室里時間太長。advocate 贊成，擁護(hù)；admit 承認(rèn)；assess 評估；approach 靠近。 答案：A 7．解析：考查break動詞短語辨析。break away“脫離；革除”，break down“(

28、機(jī)器)損壞，(身體)垮掉；情緒突然失控(如突然大哭)”，break out“(戰(zhàn)爭、火災(zāi)等)突然發(fā)生”，break up“擊碎；驅(qū)散”。句意：她聽到消息突然哭起來，但很快就恢復(fù)過來了。 答案：B 8．解析：答語句意：人無完人，對別人應(yīng)該體諒一些。considerate“關(guān)心的，體貼的”。 答案：D 9．解析：句意：經(jīng)理不能出席，派了個副手代表他。substitute作名詞，意為“代替的人或物”，而A、B兩項(xiàng)均表示代替動作本身，D項(xiàng)不合句意。 答案：C 10．解析：句意：你應(yīng)該抓住在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會，否則你會后悔的。watch觀看；refuse拒絕；miss錯過，懷念；seize抓住。

29、 答案：D 11．解析：考查非謂語動詞。題干句子中的dream of后面接v.-ing作賓語，of后面接的是由there be句型引導(dǎo)的句子，故應(yīng)用there being。 答案：A 12．解析：be relevant to (sb./sth.)“有關(guān)的，切題的”符合句意。involved“有關(guān)聯(lián)”，常與介詞in搭配；proper“合適的，恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?；similar“相似的，類似的”。 答案：B 13．解析：句意：公交車司機(jī)應(yīng)該對乘客的安全負(fù)責(zé)。answer for“對……負(fù)責(zé)”；call for“要求，需要”；long for“渴望”；thirst for“渴望得到”。 答案：A

30、 14．解析：condemn“譴責(zé)，責(zé)備，判……刑”；scold“責(zé)罵，訓(xùn)斥”；criticize“批評，批判”；blame“責(zé)備，指責(zé)”。 答案：A 15．解析：take sth.apart“把某物拆開”；tell apart“區(qū)分，辨別”；apart from“除了……以外”；set apart“撥出，留出”。 答案：B 二、完形填空 解題導(dǎo)語：這是一篇夾敘夾議文?！拔摇痹谑杖菟职l(fā)食物時的一次真實(shí)經(jīng)歷使“我”深深體會到：拋開膚色、民族和貧富，人人都應(yīng)得到尊重。無家可歸者也有自己的尊嚴(yán)，也應(yīng)得到尊重。 1．解析：“我”的妹妹年齡太小，不能參與為無家可歸者分發(fā)食物這樣的善事。i

31、nvolve 當(dāng)“(使) 參加，加入”講時，用于involve sb.(in sth.) 的結(jié)構(gòu)中，不符合語境。 答案：A 2．解析：于是妹妹做了幾十個巧克力酥餅讓“我”帶去分發(fā)。 答案：D 3．解析：take 強(qiáng)調(diào)從說話的地方“帶走”，bring 強(qiáng)調(diào)“帶來”，fetch表示“去取”。 答案：D 4．解析：從該段后面的內(nèi)容看，這里主要描述“我”參與分發(fā)食物的情況。pass out 分發(fā)，分配。 答案：A 5．解析：“我”一到達(dá)就分發(fā)剩余的食物，之后開始自己做三明治。next 強(qiáng)調(diào)時間概念，意為“接著”。 答案：B 6．解析：share sth.with sb.與某人分享某

32、物。 答案：A 7．解析：由上文可知是“我”妹妹做的巧克力酥餅。 答案：C 8．解析：walk around 到處走動。knock around漫游，閑逛；come around 蘇醒，恢復(fù)知覺；stand around 閑站著。 答案：A 9．解析：“我”走近一位老人說，“先生，吃個酥餅吧？”這里是作者走近對方，與下文他停下來相呼應(yīng)。 答案：C 10．解析：老人停下腳步，轉(zhuǎn)過身盯著我……，look sb.in the eye 直視某人。 答案：D 11．解析：這里是間接引語的省略，應(yīng)遵循時態(tài)呼應(yīng)原則，用過去完成時。 答案：A 12．解析：老人的眼睛有點(diǎn)濕潤了。wate

33、r 在這里用作動詞，意為“(眼睛)充滿眼淚”。 答案：A 13．解析：“從來沒有人稱呼我‘先生’?！眅ver 常用于否定句中，和完成時連用。 答案：B 14．解析：因此 (當(dāng)我稱呼他“先生”時) 他感到非常震驚。be taken aback 嚇了一跳，感到吃驚。A 項(xiàng)“非常害怕”，B項(xiàng)“非常迷惑”，D項(xiàng)“一點(diǎn)兒也不驚奇”，都不合語境。 答案：C 15．解析：“我”向他解釋“我”受過教育，“我”認(rèn)為人人都應(yīng)該受到尊重，不分膚色和社會地位。 答案：B 16．解析：當(dāng)“我”想到他因?yàn)闊o家可歸就不被尊重時感到非常難過。sadden 使悲傷。 答案：B 17．解析：afford sb

34、.sth.給予某人某物。supply/provide sb. with sth.給某人提供某物。 答案：B 18．解析：于是“我”禁不住哭了起來。can’t help but do＝can’t help doing 禁不住做某事。 答案：D 19．解析：“我”只是不明白為什么沒有人稱呼他“先生”呢？ 答案：D 20．解析：每一個人(無論地位高低、貧富貴賤) 都應(yīng)受到尊重。single 意為“單個的，單一的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)每一個個體。 答案：A 三、閱讀理解 解題導(dǎo)語：Tim Harford 出了一本新書《適應(yīng)：為什么成功源自于失??？》，在博客上一些人已經(jīng)在關(guān)注此書，作者認(rèn)為應(yīng)該有更多的人去了解其中的內(nèi)容，于是就介紹了這本書的大致內(nèi)容。 1．解析：推理判斷題。由首段以及全文作者對這本書內(nèi)容的介紹，我們可以知道這本書的目的就是告訴大家社會是復(fù)雜的，是困難重重的，在這樣的一個真實(shí)的社會，我們怎樣利用失敗，從而讓失敗成為成功之母。所以這也是作者寫此文章的原因。 答案：D 2．解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第二段可知，作者引用這個例子就是為了說明這個社會是復(fù)雜而艱難的。 答案：C