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1、廣西北海市2020高考英語一輪閱讀理解基礎訓練2020高考英語閱讀理解集訓。閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C、D）中，選出最佳選項。Two recent studies have found that punishment is not the best way to influence behavior.One showed that adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards. Researchers at Harvard University in the United

2、 States and the Stockholm School of Economics in Sweden did the study.They had about two hundred college students play a version of the game known as the Prisoners Dilemma. The game is based on the tension (緊張氣氛) between the interests (利益) of an individual and a group. The students played in groups

3、of four. Each player could win points for the group, so they would all gain equally. But each player could also reward or punish each of the other three players, at a cost to the punisher.Harvard researcher David Rand says the most successful behavior proved to be cooperation. The groups that reward

4、ed it the most earned about twice as much in the game as the groups that rewarded it the least. And the more a group punished itself, the lower its earnings were. The group with the most punishment earned twenty-five percent less than the group with the least punishment. The study appeared last mont

5、h in the journal Science.The other study involved children. It was presented last month in California at a conference on violence and abuse. Researchers used intelligence tests given to two groups. More than eight hundred children aged two to four the first time they were tested. More than seven hun

6、dred children aged five to nine.The two groups were retested four years later, and the study compared the results with the first test. Both groups contained children whose parents used physical punishment and children whose parents did not. The study says the IQs-or intelligence quotients-of the you

7、nger children who were not spanked were five points higher than those who were. In the older group, the difference was almost three points.Murray Strauss from the University of New Hampshire worked with Mallie Paschall from the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation. Professor Strauss has wri

8、tten extensively about physical punishment of children. He says the more they are spanked, the slower their mental development. He also looked at average IQs in other nations and found them lower where spanking was more common.1Which could be the best title of the passage?A. PunishmentB. The Best Wa

9、y to Influence Behavior.C. Punishment or Reward: Which Works Better on Behavior?D. Two Recent Studies.2The underlined word “spanked” probably means_.A. won B. punished C. tested D. praised3According to the passage, the researchers may agree the best way to influence behavior is_.A. rewarding good be

10、haviorB. correcting bad behaviorC. punishing badly-behaved childrenD. praising well-behaved children試題分析：文章主要介紹了兩項研究的過程和研究成果。近期的兩項研究顯示，懲罰不是影響行為的最好方法。其中一項研究顯示，成年人在一個基于獎勵的機制中更具合作性。另一項研究表明，懲罰不利于孩子心智的發(fā)展。1選擇最佳標題。A項太片面；文章沒有提到最好的方法，排除B；D項不夠具體；根據(jù)第二段“One showed that adults are much more cooperative if they w

11、ork in a system based on rewards.”和第六段“of the younger children who were not spanked were five points higher than those who were”可知，研究表明，獎勵能夠促進合作，懲罰不利于孩子的心智發(fā)展，故選C。2猜測詞義題。根據(jù)帶第六段“who were not spanked were five points higher than those who were”可知，被父母體罰的孩子，他們的智商比沒有受到體罰的孩子的低5分，根據(jù)最后一段“He says the more the

12、y are spanked, the slower their mental development.”可知，孩子受到的懲罰越多，他們的心智發(fā)展得越慢，說明劃線詞是“懲罰”的意思，故選B。3推理判斷題。B、D兩項文中未提及；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“of the younger children who were not spanked were five points higher than those who were”和最后一段“the more they are spanked, the slower their mental development”可知，懲罰不利于孩子的身心發(fā)展，排除C；根據(jù)

13、第二段“adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards”和第六段“five points higher than those who were”可知，獎勵能夠促進合作，而懲罰不利于孩子心智的發(fā)展，只有A項與獎勵有關，故選A。2020高考英語閱讀理解人物傳記/故事類Only two countries in the advanced world provide no guarantee for paid leave from work to care for a newborn childLas

14、t spring one of the two，Australia，gave up the bad distinction by setting up paid family leave starting in 2020I wasnt surprised when this didnt make the news here in the United Stateswere now the only wealthy country without such a policy The United States does have one explicit family policy，the Fa

15、mily and Medical Leave Act，passed in 1993It entitles workers to as much as 12 weeks unpaid leave for care of a newborn or dealing with a family medical problemDespite the modesty of the benefit，the Chamber of Commerce and other business groups fought it bitterly，describing it as “government-run pers

16、onnel management” and a “dangerous precedent（先例）” In fact，every step of the way，as (usually) Democratic leaders have tried to introduce work-family balance measures into the law，business groups have been strongly opposed As Yale law professor Anne Alstott argues，justifying parental support depends o

17、n defining（定義）the family as a social good that，in some sense，society must pay forParents are burdened in many ways in their lives: there is “no exit” when it comes to childrenSociety expectsand needsparents to provide their children with continuity of careAnd society expectsand needsparents to persi

18、st in their roles for 18 years，or longer if needed【小題1】What do we learn about paid family leave according to Paragraph 1？AIt came as a surprise when Australia adopted the policyBSetting up this policy made Australia less influentialCIt has now become a hot topic in the United StatesDNo such policy i

19、s applied in the United States【小題2】What makes it hard to take work-family balance measures in the States？AThe incompetence of the DemocratsBThe opposition from business circlesCThe lack of a precedent in American historyDThe existing Family and Medical Leave Act【小題3】What is Professor Anne Alstotts a

20、rgument for parental support？AChildren need continuous careBGood parenting benefits societyCThe cost of raising children has been growingDThe USshould keep up with other developed countries【小題4】Why is the author against classifying parenting as a personal choice？AParenting is regarded as a moral dut

21、yBParenting relies largely on social supportCParenting produces huge moral benefitsDParenting is basically a social responsibility閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C、D）中，選出最佳選項。Every autumn Linda Krentz felt her brain go on strike. “I just couldnt get going in the morning,” she says. “Id get depressed(抑郁的) and

22、gain 10 pounds every winter and lose them again in the spring.” Then she read about seasonal emotional problem, a form of depression that occurs in autumn and winter, and she saw the light. Every morning now she turns on a special light box for half an hour and sits in front of it to trick her brain

23、 into thinking its still enjoying those long summer days. It seems to work.Krentz is not alone. Scientists estimate that 10 million Americans suffer from seasonal depression. Theres never been final conclusion that treatment with very bright lights makes a difference.Until now, in three separate stu

24、dies published last month, researchers report not only that light treatment works better than a placebo(安慰劑) but that treatment is usually more effective in the early morning than in the evening.Why does light treatment work? No one really knows. “Our research suggests it has something to do with th

25、e change of the bodys internal(內部的) clock,” says psychiatrist Dr. Lewey. The body is programmed to start the day with sunrise, he explains, and this gets later as the days get shorter. But why such small changes make some people depressed and not others is a mystery.That hasnt stopped thousands of w

26、inter depressive patients from trying to heal themselves. Light boxes for that purpose are available without a doctors prescription(處方). That bothers psychologist Michael Terman. He is worried that the boxes may be tried by patients who suffer from mental illness that cant be treated with light.“You

27、 should at least choose a reputable manufacturer. Whatever product you use should give out only visible light, because ultraviolet(紫外線) light damages the eyes. If you are light-sensitive, you may develop a skin problem.” a doctor warned his patient. Though the main drawback is having to sit in front

28、 of the light for 30 to 60 minutes in the morning, thats an inconvenience many winter depressive patients can live with.67. What is the probable cause of Krentzs problem?A. Her seasonal change of body weight.B. A strange disease of her nervous system.C. Her poor eyesight in autumn and winter.D. Poor

29、 adjustment of her body clock to seasonal changes.68. By saying that Linda Krentz “saw the light”(Line 4, Para. 1), the author means that she “_”.A. learned how to lose weightB. realized what her problem wasC. came to see the importance of lightD. became light-hearted and cheerful69. What is the rec

30、ent view concerning the treatment of seasonal depression with bright lights?A. Its effect remains to be seen. B. It serves as a kind of placebo.C. It proves to be effective. D. It hardly produces any effects.70. What is psychologist Michael Termans major concern?A. Depressive patients will be addict

31、ed to using light boxes.B. Patients may give up light treatment because of inconvenience.C. Light boxes will produce harmful ultraviolet lights.D. Light treatment could be misused by certain mental patients.【答案】67-70、DBCD2020高考英語閱讀理解人物傳記/故事類What benefits can you have from a film? A well-made film of

32、fers a whole world of things to watch. First there are the story aspects the plot,characters, dialogue and themes. Then there are the technical aspects the camera work, cuttings and special effects. And there are many other things, like the credits, musical score and the acting. Awell-made film offe

33、rs much more than you see in one viewing (觀看). Films are a means of communication. They can tell you things, just as newspapers do, or television,or any other means of communication. Sometimes they communicate important things to you, like ideasor lifestyles or ways of looking at the world. Sometime

34、s people are aware of this, and sometimes not.The more you are aware of this, the better you are. Notice, for example, the way films sometimes affect fashion. A star dresses or wears her hair in a certain way, and suddenly everyone is imitating (模仿) her. Boys in the 1950s could sometimes be seen wea

35、ringblack leather jackets, idling (閑逛) on street corners and smoking cigarettes. They were imitating Marion Brando. His films taught them a certain way to behave. Films can also teach politics. In Star Wars, the heroes were a bunch of lovable incompetents (無能者) fighting with guts (膽量) and not much e

36、lse. They were, in fact, rather like the British in the early days of WW II. Their enemies, like the Nazis, had a big advantage in equipment and numbers of troops, and they were like the Nazis in discipline and heartlessness too. The whole film, in fact, was a re-run (重演) of WW II, and taught values

37、 like faith and love of liberty. This is all to the good, but the point is, did you notice it?【小題1】All of the following are mentioned as noticeable aspects of a film EXCEPT_.Athe list of names of actors and directors，etc. Bthe cost of a filmCthe music for a film Dthe language used in a film【小題2】The

38、last sentence in Paragraph 1 probably means _.Aa high quality film can be appreciated repeatedly from different anglesBa good film always attracts a lot of viewersCa well made film usually has more than one themeDone can never find out how many characters there are in a good film【小題3】It can be infer

39、red from the passage that in his film，Marion Brando was _.Aa motorist who always wore a black leather jacketBa homeless man who died of excessive smokingCa rebellious man during WWDan idler who didnt have any serious things to do【小題4】Star Wars is a film_.Aabout WWBfor politicsCreflecting WWDfor peace lovers