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1、.,the Passive Voice,（被動語態(tài)）,文綜之家 http:/,英語的兩大語態(tài)： 主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài),A.主動語態(tài)中主語是謂語動詞的發(fā)出者。賓語 是謂語動詞的對象。 B.被動語態(tài)中主語是謂語動詞的承受者(動作的 對象)。 被動語態(tài)的謂語構(gòu)成: 助動詞be動詞過去分詞,語態(tài)：表示主語和謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系。 英語有兩種語態(tài)，即主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。,主動語態(tài)：表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。被動語態(tài)：表示主語是動作的承受者。 如： Many students study English.(主動語態(tài)) English is studied by many students. (被動語態(tài)),語態(tài),

2、被打的豆豆,被動語態(tài)講解,遙遠的小島上，住著一個倒霉蛋，它叫豆豆，那里的人只有三件事要忙，吃飯，睡覺，打豆豆。 你看，它總是被打，還不知道是誰打的。,Doudou is always beaten by someone.,昨天晚上 ，夜黑風高，它又被打了。,Doudou was beaten yesterday evening.,明天，豆豆還會面臨n頓暴打，可憐的豆豆啊。 Tomorrow ,Doudou will be beaten several times .,可憐的豆豆，已經(jīng)被這樣打了很多年。命運一直沒有改變。 Poor Doudou has been beaten for many

3、years.,我們親愛的豆豆現(xiàn)在在干嘛，不用問，一定是正在被打 。 Our dear doudou is being beaten now .,隨時可能被打的豆豆啊，誰來救救它啊。 Poor Doudou may be beaten anytime .,什么時候要用被動語態(tài)呢？,在下列三種情況之一要用被動語態(tài)： 不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰，用被動語態(tài)。 沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，用被動語態(tài)。 需要強調(diào)動作的承受者時，用被動語態(tài),什么時候用被動語態(tài) 與主動的區(qū)別,不知道主語是誰 主語是大家顯而易見的 動作是誰做的不重要 賓語做主語 謂語結(jié)構(gòu)改變,助動詞be有人稱、數(shù)的變化,其變化規(guī)則與be作為連

4、系動詞時一樣。 如：The desk is made of wood. The desks are made of wood. He is asked a question by the teacher.,被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu),助動詞be（am/is/are）+動詞的過去分詞,不同的時態(tài)有不同的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu),1.一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：,1. They bought ten computers last term,by them last term.,2.一般過去時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：,was/were +過去分詞,last year.,2.We planted many trees last yea

5、r.,Many trees,were planted,Ten computers,were bought,1. They make shoes in that factory. 主語+及物動詞+賓語,Shoes are made (by them) in that factory.,主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài),一般現(xiàn)在時被動結(jié)構(gòu)：,am/is /are +過去分詞,一：英語的謂語動詞有兩種語態(tài),We speak English.,主語,謂語,賓語,English is spoken by us. 被動語態(tài),主語,謂語,賓語,賓變主,主變賓,前加by,主動語態(tài),各種時態(tài)的主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)謂語結(jié)構(gòu)對照

6、表,Exercise: He rides the motorbike to his factory every day.,The motorbike is ridden to his factory every day.,Exercise: We call the snowman Mr. Strong.,The snowman is called Mr. Strong.,They play football on Sunday. Lucy does the homework in the evening. They often use computers in class. We make t

7、hese machines in Beijing.,Football is played by them on Sunday.,The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.,Computers are often used by them in class.,These machines are made in Beijing.,現(xiàn)在完成時have/has been+ done Poor Doudou has been beaten for many years. Have you posted the letters yet? 變?yōu)楸粍泳鋉,歸納總

8、結(jié)方法,把主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)可按“ 、 、 ” 來進行。即： 變把主動語態(tài)的賓語改為被動語態(tài)的主語，把主 動語態(tài)的主語改為被動語態(tài)的介詞by的賓語。 套根據(jù)原句的時態(tài)套用相應時態(tài)。 注意注意人稱的變化而引起的主謂一致問題。 例：Many people speak English. English by many people. He washed his shoes yesterday. His shoes by him yesterday.,is spoken,were washed,一變,二套,三注意,被動語態(tài)的大體構(gòu)成：,Be + PP（過去分詞）,主動語態(tài)變被動之歌： 被動語態(tài)強調(diào)賓

9、，be后加上過去分。 Be要隨著主語變，人稱時態(tài)要弄準。 行為對象作主語， 邏輯主語by來引。,被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成 Be done,Be 的相應時態(tài)+動詞過去分詞 現(xiàn)在時 am is are + done Doudou is always beaten by someone. Children_in China. A is taken good care B have taken goodcare C are taken good care of D must take care of,主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換：,We clean our classroom every day.,Our cla

10、ssroom,is cleaned,主語,謂語,賓語,by us,every day,結(jié)構(gòu)：主動語態(tài)：主語謂語賓語,被動語態(tài)：,主語,be +過去分詞,by+賓語,即:、主變賓、賓變主,謂語動詞變被動?！?(注:主變賓即主語變?yōu)榻樵~by賓語),主變被解題步驟:,1. 找賓語 -即動作的承受者（動詞后）,They make shoes in that factory.,Shoes,2. 判斷賓語的單復數(shù) -即be動詞的單復數(shù).,are were,3. 判斷謂語動詞的時態(tài) -即be動詞的時態(tài).,4. 修改謂語動詞的時態(tài) -即原句動詞改為過去分詞,made,5. 修改原句的主語 -即by+ 主語/

11、賓語.,by them in that factory.,task,（一） 1.We like Miss Lin Very much. Miss Lin _ _ by us very much. 2.Many young people love Jay Chou songs. Jay Chous songs _ _ by many young people.,is,liked,are,loved,時態(tài):,結(jié)構(gòu)：,am / is / are + done,一般現(xiàn)在時,把下列句子改為被動語態(tài)：,1.We call the game “Lianliankan”. (改為被動語態(tài)) The game

12、_ _ “Lianliankan” by us. 2. People use metal for making machines. (改為被動語態(tài)) Metal _ _ _making machines.,is,called,is,used,for,Fill in the blanks with the Passive Voice. 1、Tea _ (grow) in Fujian. 2、Chinese _ (speak) in China. 3、The bed _ (use) for sleeping. 4、Our classroom _ (clean) every day. 5、The c

13、ars _ (make) in Beijing.,is grown,is spoken,is used,is cleaned,are made,注意把主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)時，句子的時態(tài)不能變。且be動詞和新主語保持一致。如上例，所給的主動句子是一般現(xiàn)在時，改為被動語態(tài)時，也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。 如果主動句中的主語是人稱代詞，改為被動句時作介詞 by的賓語，要用賓格。如上例中的主語we改為us。,在被動語態(tài)中要注意的問題,一些使役動詞(let, have, make等)或感官動詞(see, hearwatch,notice等)在主動語態(tài)中后面接的動詞不定式不帶to，但改為被動語態(tài)時，要補上to。如：

14、 The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day. The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss. I saw him enter the house. He was seen to enter the house by me. The teacher let them leave the classroom after class. They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class. We hear he

15、r sing in the room every day. She is heard to sing in the room every day. 注意當使用see/hear/watch sb doing sth時，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時， doing保持不變。如： I saw him going into the shop.(主動) He was seen going into the shop.(被動),2. They bought ten computers last term,Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.,一般過去時被動結(jié)構(gòu)：,w

16、as/were +過去分詞,Exercise: He bought some fruits yesterday.,Some fruits were bought yesterday.,3. Some workers are painting the rooms now,The rooms are being painted by some workers now.,現(xiàn)在進行時被動結(jié)構(gòu)：,am/is/are + being +PP,Exercise: They are holding a sports meeting now.,A sports meeting is being held (by

17、 them) now.,Exercise: They are playing volleyball now.,Volleyball is being played (by them) now,4.She was interviewing the famous man at this time yesterday.,The famous man was being interviewed by her,過去進行時被動結(jié)構(gòu)：,was/were + being +PP,Exercise: He was playing basketball at 8:00 last night.,Basketball

18、 was being played at 8:00 yesterday.,5.They will finish the work in ten days.,The work will be finished (by them) in ten days.,一般將來時被動結(jié)構(gòu)：,will+ be +過去分詞,They are going to have an evening party tomorrow.,An evening party is going to be had tomorrow.,be going to + be + pp,Exercise: The girl will finis

19、h her homework in twenty minutes.,Her homework will be finished( by the girl) in twenty minutes.,6. He said the workers would build a new school in two weeks.,He said a new school would be built in two weeks.,過去將來時被動構(gòu)成：,would + be + pp,They would have a party the next day.,A party would be had (by t

20、hem) the next day.,7.Aby can take good care of Tina ,Tina can be taken good care of by Aby.,情態(tài)動詞變被動：,情態(tài)動詞 + be+過分,Exercise: He may carry the basket easily.,The basket may be easily carried by him.,They can sing some beautiful songs.,Some beautiful songs can be sung by them.,8.We have made twenty key

21、s,Twenty keys have been made by us.,現(xiàn)在完成時被動結(jié)構(gòu)：,have/has + been+過去分詞,Exercise: Workers have built the house since two years ago.,The house has been built since two years ago.,9.We had seen this film before you came here.,This film had been seen by us before you came here.,過去完成時被動結(jié)構(gòu)：,had +been +PP,Exe

22、rcise: The doctor knew that he had known his problem.,The doctor knew that his problem had been known by him.,各種時態(tài)的被動情況： 一般現(xiàn)在時： 一般過去時： 現(xiàn)在進行時： 過去進行時： 現(xiàn)在完成時： 過去完成時： 一般將來時： 過去將來時： 情態(tài)動詞變被動：,am / is / are done,was / were done,am / is / are being done,was / were being done,have / has been done,had been do

23、ne,shall / will be done be going to be done,would/should +be+ done,情態(tài)動詞+be+ done,Exercise: Pick out the passive voice We have an old musical instrument. It was called clavichord It was made in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrum

24、ent was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. We arent allowed to touch it. Now it is being repaired by a friend of my fathers.,Exercises: 一.

25、選擇填空: Windows of glass. be made B. is made C. are made D. been made 2. The house in 2004. is built B. is building C. was built D. used 3. A coat can for keeping warm. be used B. is used C. been used D. used,C,C,A,4. Watches_ Shanghai. A. are made in B. is made C. are made from D. made 5. This desk i

26、s made _ wood. A. of B. from C. in D. by 6.The things on show were _ the old days. A. used B. used to C. used for D. used in 7. Silk _ in Hangzhou and Suzhou A. is produced B. are produced C. produced D. is produces,A,A,D,A,1. I was given a book by him. (間賓作主）,He gave me a book. (變被動）,主語,謂語,間賓,直賓,2.

27、 A book was given to me by him.,My mother bought me a birthday cake.,主語,謂語,間賓,直賓,1. I was bought a birthday cake by my mother.,2. A birthday cake was bought for me by my mother.,帶有雙賓語的動詞變?yōu)楸粍痈柚{：,原句若是雙賓語，一變主來一保賓。 間賓要把主語變，原來直賓還是賓。 直賓要把主語變，間賓前加to或for。,變?yōu)楸粍訒r，間賓前加to 的帶有雙賓語的動詞有：14個 bring, teach, pass, hand

28、, give, lend, refuse,leave, promise, tell, return, show, send , write.,變?yōu)楸粍訒r，間賓前加for 的帶有雙賓語的動詞有：5個 buy, get, do, pay, sing.,把下列句子變?yōu)橹鲃诱Z態(tài)： 1.They made shoes in that factory. 2.They will make shoes in that factory. 3.They would make shoes in that factory. 4.They can make shoes in that factory. 5.They h

29、ave made shoes in that factory. 6.They had made shoes in that factory. 7.They are making shoes in that factory. 8.They were making shoes in that factory,We usually hear him play in the next room.,He is usually heard to play in the next room.,四幾種值得注意的被動語態(tài)變化,帶復合賓語的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu),（）make sb. do sth. sb. be made

30、 to do sth.,Mr Green made Jim do his homework at home.,Jim was made to do his homework by Mr Green at home.,watch let have hear see notice,原句若是雙賓語，一變主來一保賓。 間賓要把主語變，原來直賓還是賓。 直賓要把主語變，間賓前加to或 for。 情態(tài)動詞變被動，情態(tài)加be加過分。,1.Our school _ in 2002.(開辦) 2.The young trees must_ _ _ well.(照顧) 3. _ this building_(建成

31、)last year? 4.The book _ _(寫)by him last year. 5. The bridge _ _(不建造)in1989 6.The 29th Olympic Games will_ _ (舉行) in Beijing in 2008.,was opened,be looked after,Was,built,was written,wasnt built,be held,1.People use knives for cutting things. Knives _ _ for cutting things. 2.The students clean the w

32、indows of their classroom twice a month. The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.,are used,are,cleaned,(變被動語態(tài)）,七嘴八舌,3.I found the ticket on the floor. _ _ _ _ on the floor. 4.I told her to return the book in time. She _ _ to return the book in time.,The ticket was found,was told,3. We found

33、the ticket on the floor .,5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day. He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day. 6.Now people can use computers to help them. Now computers _ _ _ to help them.,was made to have,can be,used,7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year? _ _ _ _ at this time last time?

34、 8.Must we finish our work today? _ our work_ _ today?,Were many trees planted,Must be finished,9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps. 1) _ _ _ some wonderful stamps. 2) Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _.,we were given,were,given to us,10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer. Tom

35、 _ _ to turn on the computer. 11.In this factory women do most of the work. Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory.,was asked,is done,12.He can mend the bike in two days. The bike _ _ _ in two days. 13.You must take this medicine three times a day. This medicine _ _ _ three times a day.,can b

36、e mended,must be,taken,14.The students in this school study German. German _ _ by the students in this school. 15.Do they often talk about this question? _ this question often _ about _ _?,is studied,Is,talked,by them,Answer right or wrong,1.必須照看好孩子們。 The children must be taken good care .( ) The ch

37、ildren must be taken good care of .( ) 2.這本書是魯迅寫的。 This book was wrote by Lu Xun.( ) This book was written by Lu Xun.( ) 3.昨天那支筆是他給我的。 That pencil was given me by him yesterday.( ) That pencil was given to me by him yesterday.( ),W,R,W,R,W,R,4.這輛自行車能修嗎？ Can this bike mended?( ) Can this bike be mend

38、ed?( ) 5.街道已由他們清理了。 The street has been cleaned by they.( ) The street has been cleaned by them.( ),W,R,W,R,必背！,動詞短語的被動語態(tài),take care of be taken care of,cut down be cut down,laugh at be laughed at,look after be looked after,They made shoes in that factory. They will make shoes in that factory. They w

39、ould make shoes in that factory. They can make shoes in that factory. They have made shoes in that factory. They had made shoes in that factory. They are making shoes in that factory. They were making shoes in that factory.,(2) see sb. doing sth. sb. be seen doing sth.,I saw him playing football at

40、that moment.,He was seen playing football at that moment.,hear / watch /.,We often hear them sing this song.,They are often heard to sing this song (by us).,This song is often heard (by us) to be sung (by them).,一感二聽三使四看,feel / hear listen/ make have let/ look see watch notice,這十大動詞在主動句中動詞用原形，但在變?yōu)楸粍?/p>

41、語態(tài)時必須加上to,使用口訣： 感使動詞真奇怪， to在句子像妖怪。 主動句里to 走開，被動句里to回來。 動詞let要除外， to詞可來可不來。,Bob sent Kate a letter last year.,=Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year.,=A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year.,tell ask bring write give teach pass lend,to,He told Jim a story.,Mum made me a new dress.,I was made a

42、new dress by Mum. A new dress was made for me by Mum.,make buy draw,for,I bought my brother a book.,注意:,約翰打開了收音機。,John turned on the radio.,The radio was turned on.,奶奶照看我姐姐。,Grandma takes care of my sister.,My sister is taken care of by Grandma.,注：千萬不要遺漏介詞或副詞。,We must speak to old people politely.,O

43、ld people must be spoken to politely.,They said that he would come back soon.,It was said that he would come back soon.,類似的還有： It is reported / believed / hoped / supposed that ,We report,1). 不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。,如：belong, happen, take place, last, come true, remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive, 等。,* Great c

44、hanges have taken place in this city.,* That bike doesnt belong to Mike.,不用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況：,不用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況：,2) 表示靜態(tài)的及物動詞不用被動語態(tài),have / fit,I have a TV set.,The coat fits me well.,3）祈使句一般沒有被動語態(tài)。 【正】Look at the blackboard，please 【誤】The blackboard is looked at by you,不用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況：,4.系動詞沒有被動態(tài)和進行時態(tài),這魚味道很好。,這條圍巾摸上去很軟。,The fish tastes good.,The scarf feels soft.,5.反身代詞在句中作賓語時，不能用被動語態(tài)。例如： 【正】You must look after yourself 【誤】Yourself must be looked after,4.某些動詞形式是主動，但含有被動的意思。,這書很好賣。,這種布很好洗。,The book sells well.,This kind of cloth washes very well.,這書賣完了。,The book is sold out.,