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1、,Unit1Alandofdiversity,主干回顧夯基礎(chǔ),【基礎(chǔ)單詞】1_n差別；區(qū)分；卓著2_n苦難；困苦3_vt.選擇；決定做某事；選舉某人4_n海鷗5_n角；角度6_adv.無(wú)處；到處都無(wú)7_n處罰；懲罰8_n公正；公平,distinction,hardship,elect,seagull,angle,nowhere,punishment,justice,9_vt.&vi.哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛10_adj.公民的；國(guó)內(nèi)的；民間的11_n權(quán)威；權(quán)力(pl.)當(dāng)局；官方12_vt.&vi.改革；革新n改革；改造；改良13_vt.&n抓??；抓緊；掌握；領(lǐng)會(huì)14_adj.感激的；感謝的15_

2、vt.插入；嵌入,mourn,civil,authority,reform,grasp,thankful,insert,【單詞拓展】1_adj.清晰的；明顯的；明確的_n差別；區(qū)分；卓著2_n手段；方法_v意思是；打算；意味著_n意思，意義_adj.有意義的_adj.無(wú)意義的3_n大多數(shù)；大半_adj.主要的；重要的_n少數(shù)；少數(shù)民族,distinct,distinction,means,mean,meaning,meaningful,meaningless,majority,major,minority,4_n百分比；百分率_n百分之幾5_vi.移入(外國(guó)定居)_n移民；移居入境6_adj.

3、人種的；種族的_n種族；比賽v和競(jìng)賽；比賽7_n申請(qǐng)人_v申請(qǐng)；應(yīng)用_n申請(qǐng)；應(yīng)用程序8_n社會(huì)主義者；社會(huì)黨人adj.社會(huì)主義者的_n社會(huì)主義_n社會(huì),percentage,percent,immigrate,immigration,racial,race,applicant,apply,application,socialist,socialism,society,9_vi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)_n發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)；事件10_vt.指出；表明；標(biāo)示；暗示_n指示；表明；指示物11_adj.顯而易見(jiàn)的；顯然的；表面上的_adv.顯然地；顯而易見(jiàn)地,occur,occurrence,indicate,indi

4、cation,apparent,apparently,【語(yǔ)境填詞】用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空。_1_ahigh_2_ofAmericanpopulationarefromdifferent_3_and_4_.The_5_arenot_6_，sotheir_7_cultureisa_8_.答案：1.Apparently2.percentage3.nationalities4.races5majority6.natives7.social8.mixture,1_用辦法；借助2_謀生3_與合作或一起工作4_劃線標(biāo)出界線5_包括；吸收6_許多；很多,bymeansof.,makealife,teamupwith.

5、,markout,takein,agreat/goodmany,7_繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生活8_堅(jiān)持；維持；沿襲(風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等)9_背靠背10_申請(qǐng)；請(qǐng)示；得到,liveon,keepup,backtoback,applyfor,1However，_NativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.然而，美洲土著人很可能在至少一萬(wàn)五千年前就在加州生活著。2_todayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.這就是今天有超過(guò)40%的加利福尼亞

6、人把西班牙語(yǔ)作為第一或第二語(yǔ)言的原因。,itislikelythat,Thatiswhy,3Twocenturieslater，theSpanishhadsettledinmostpartsofSouthAmericaandalongthenorthwestcoastof_theUnitedStates.兩百年后，西班牙人定居在南美洲大多數(shù)地區(qū)以及現(xiàn)在美國(guó)所在的西北沿海。,whatwenowcall,在下列文段空缺處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~使句子連貫。ExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia，noonereallyknows

7、.However，_1_islikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.Scientistsbelievethatthesefirstsettlers_2_(cross)theBeringStraitintheArctictoAmerica_3_meansofalandbridgewhichexistedinprehistorictimes.,Inthe16thcentury，afterthe_4_(arrive)ofEuropeans，thenativepeoplesuffered

8、greatly.Thousandswerekilledorforcedintoslavery._5_addition，manydiedfromthediseasesbroughtbyEuropeans.However，somesurvivedtheseterribletimes，andtodaytherearemoreNativeAmericans_6_(live)inCaliforniathaninanyotherstate.,Inthe18thcentury，CaliforniawasruledbySpain.SpanishsoldiersfirstarrivedinSouthAmeric

9、aintheearly16thcentury，_7_theyfoughtagainstthenativepeopleand_8_(take)theirland.Twocenturieslater，theSpanishhadsettledinmostpartsofSouthAmericaandalongthenorthwestcoastofwhatwenowcalltheUnitedStates.Of_9_firstSpanishtogotoCalifornia，themajoritywerereligiousmen，_10_ministrywastoteachtheCatholicreligi

10、ontothenatives.答案：1.it2.crossed3.by4.arrival5.In6.living7.when8took9.the10.whose,核心探究破疑難,meansn手段；方法,bymeansof.用辦法；借助bythismeans用這種方法byallmeans務(wù)必，一定，當(dāng)然可以byanymeans無(wú)論如何，以一切可能的手段bynomeans絕不，無(wú)論如何也不ameansofcommunication一種通訊/交流工具,(朗文P1277)MillionsofChineserelyonbicyclesastheirimportantmeansoftransportati

11、on.自行車是數(shù)百萬(wàn)中國(guó)人賴以出行的重要交通工具。(朗文P1277)Byallmeans，drinkplentyofwaterwhileexercising.當(dāng)然，鍛煉的時(shí)候多喝水。IvetriedveryhardtoimprovemyEnglish.Butbynomeansismyparentssatisfiedwithmyprogress.為了提高英語(yǔ)水平，我已盡力了。但父母對(duì)我的進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)也不滿意。,【點(diǎn)津】means用作“方式；方法”時(shí)單復(fù)數(shù)同形。若all/some/several/manymeans作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；若every/each/one/ameans作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

12、用單數(shù)形式。,Everypossiblemeanshasbeentried，butnoneworked.Allpossiblemeanshavebeentried，butnoneworked.各種可能的辦法都嘗試了，但沒(méi)有一種奏效。,學(xué)以致用1完成句子她不會(huì)說(shuō)話，但她用手勢(shì)表達(dá)了她的愿望。Shecouldnotspeak，butmadeherwishesknown_signs.他對(duì)目前的工作一點(diǎn)也不滿意，要求我們務(wù)必完成任務(wù)。_washesatisfiedwiththejobandheaskedustofinishthetask_.,眾所周知，電話是一種有用的通訊工具。Asisknowntou

13、s，thetelephoneis_ofcommunication.答案：bymeansofBynomeans；byallmeansausefulmeans,majorityn大多數(shù)；大半,(1)themajorityof的大多數(shù)ina/themajority占大多數(shù)getamajority獲得多數(shù)票haveamajorityoversb.擁有多數(shù)；戰(zhàn)勝某人by/withamajorityof以大多數(shù)贏得(2)minorityn少數(shù)intheminority占少數(shù)(3)majoradj.主要的；vi.專修；主攻majorin主修,(牛津P1220)Themajoritywas/wereinfav

14、ourofbanningsmoking.大多數(shù)人支持禁煙。A/Themajorityofdoctorsagreethatsmokingisextremelyharmfultohealth.大多數(shù)醫(yī)生認(rèn)為吸煙對(duì)健康極為有害。Youngpeoplewereinthemajorityatthemeeting.這次會(huì)議中，年輕人占了多數(shù)。,【點(diǎn)津】(1)majority為可數(shù)名詞，意為greatnumber，指可數(shù)的概念，不指量(amount)。themajority作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果泛指多數(shù)(與少數(shù)相對(duì))，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式和單數(shù)形式皆可。(2)themajorityof名詞，表示“多數(shù)，許多”，其后的

15、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞取決于of之后的名詞。,(3)majority常由great(但不是greater)修飾，表示“mostof”。只有在談到兩個(gè)“大多數(shù)”(twomajorities)時(shí)使用greater。(4)與介詞連用作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)用不定冠詞“a/an”。Shewaschosenbyathinmajorityof15.,學(xué)以致用2完成句子在會(huì)上，年輕人占大多數(shù)。Atthemeeting，youngpeople_.大多數(shù)人在選舉中投了他的票。_peoplevotedforhimintheelection.你在大學(xué)主修的科目是什么？Whatsubjectdidyou_whenyouwereinuniversi

16、ty?答案：wereina/themajorityThemajorityofmajorin,occurvi.發(fā)生；存在；出現(xiàn),Thatsounddoesnotoccurinmylanguage.我的語(yǔ)言里不存在那個(gè)音。Justthenanideaoccurredtome.就在那時(shí)我想起了一個(gè)主意。Iwasgoingalongthestreetlookingforaplacetoparkwhentheaccidentoccurred.我正沿街尋找停車點(diǎn)時(shí)，突然發(fā)生了事故。,【點(diǎn)津】(1)表達(dá)“發(fā)生”之意時(shí)，occur與happen可以互換；另外occur，happen，takeplace，bre

17、akout等表示“發(fā)生；爆發(fā)”的單詞或短語(yǔ)都不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)或進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。(2)occur結(jié)構(gòu)中主語(yǔ)不能是人，而是想到的事情或it作形式主語(yǔ)。,學(xué)以致用3完成句子你當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有想到你丈夫也許會(huì)晚到嗎？Didntit_yourhusbandmightbelate?交流幾乎在你生活的每一分鐘都會(huì)發(fā)生。_almosteveryminuteofyourlife.她沒(méi)想到請(qǐng)別人幫忙。Itdidnt_toaskforhelp.答案：occurtoyouthatCommunicationoccursoccurtoher,makealife習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等；謀生,(1)cometolife蘇醒；變得活躍l

18、ive/leada.life過(guò)著生活comebacktolife蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)；恢復(fù)生氣bring.backtolife使蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)；給活力start/makeanewlife開(kāi)始新生活(2)make/earna/onesliving謀生,(教材原句)Somediedorreturnedhome，butmostremainedinCaliforniatomakealifeforthemselvesdespitegreathardship.有些人死了或回家了，但是大多數(shù)人留在加利福尼亞謀生，盡管困難重重。Somepeoplefromthecountryfindithardtomakealifeinbig

19、cities.一些來(lái)自農(nóng)村的人發(fā)現(xiàn)很難在大城市生存下來(lái)。,(牛津P1188)TheymovedoutWesttomakeanewlifethere.他們遷往西部去開(kāi)始新生活。(牛津P1166)Thematchfinallycametolifeinthesecondhalf.比賽在下半場(chǎng)終于精彩起來(lái)。,學(xué)以致用1完成句子他們?cè)诩幽么蠖ň酉聛?lái)，習(xí)慣新的生活方式。TheysettleddowninCanadaand_forthemselves.這個(gè)原來(lái)似乎杳無(wú)人煙的村莊頓時(shí)恢復(fù)了生機(jī)。Thevillage，whichhadseemeddeserted，immediately_.你在北京時(shí)是如何謀生的

20、？Howdidyou_whenyouwereinBeijing?答案：madealifecametolifemakealiving,teamupwith(cooperatewith)與結(jié)合/合作，協(xié)作,teamup合作；協(xié)作befedupwith對(duì)感到厭煩，膩了catch/keepupwith趕上putupwith忍受；容忍endupwith以結(jié)束,(朗文P2113)TheuniversityisteamingupwithaschoolinEnglandfortheresearchproject.該大學(xué)正與英格蘭的一所學(xué)校合作研究這項(xiàng)課題。Weteamedupsothatwecoulddivi

21、detheworkandwriteabookmorequickly.我們相互協(xié)作，以使我們能夠分配任務(wù)并且更快地寫(xiě)完這本書(shū)。Afterseeingsomanyhouses，weendedupwithbuyingtheoneonthelakeside.看了那么多的房子之后，我們最后還是買(mǎi)了湖邊的那棟房子。,學(xué)以致用2完成句子我下周就要搬了，在此之前，我還是得忍受這種噪音。Illhaveto_tillImovenextweek.這對(duì)老夫妻每天都去同一個(gè)公園，從不厭煩。Theoldcoupleisnever_goingtothesameparkeveryday.答案：putupwiththenois

22、efedupwith,Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.這就是今天有超過(guò)40%的加利福尼亞人把西班牙語(yǔ)作為第一或第二語(yǔ)言的原因。句中的why引導(dǎo)的是表語(yǔ)從句，注意以下句式的區(qū)別：,(1)Thatswhy.這就是為什么(why從句表示結(jié)果)(2)Thatsbecause.這是因?yàn)?because從句表示原因)(3)Thereasonwhy.is/wasthat.的原因是(表語(yǔ)從句常用that引導(dǎo)，而不用because),Tomwasill.Thatwaswhyhecamelatefort

23、hemeeting.湯姆病了，那就是他開(kāi)會(huì)遲到的原因。Tomcamelateforthemeeting.Thatwasbecausehewasill.湯姆開(kāi)會(huì)遲到了，那是因?yàn)樗×恕hereasonwhyTomcamelateforthemeetingwasthathewasill.湯姆開(kāi)會(huì)遲到的原因是因?yàn)樗×恕?學(xué)以致用完成句子那就是那節(jié)課他給我如此低的分?jǐn)?shù)的原因。_hegavemesuchapoorgradeinthatclass.每年需要重新注射的原因是這種病毒經(jīng)常變化。_theinjectionneedsrepeatingeveryyearisthatthevirusoftenchanges.答案：ThatswhyThereasonwhy,