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1、Module 6 Animals in dangerUnit 3Language in use當(dāng)我們要表示當(dāng)我們要表示“想做某事、需要做某事或決定做某事想做某事、需要做某事或決定做某事”時(shí)，時(shí)，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)就會(huì)出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞連用的情況兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞連用的情況，這時(shí)應(yīng)如何表達(dá)呢？，這時(shí)應(yīng)如何表達(dá)呢？同學(xué)們自然會(huì)想到同學(xué)們自然會(huì)想到want to do sth.,need to do sth.和和decide to do sth.等表達(dá)方式。等表達(dá)方式。1.什么是動(dòng)詞不定式？什么是動(dòng)詞不定式？主要行為動(dòng)詞后面的動(dòng)詞都采用了主要行為動(dòng)詞后面的動(dòng)詞都采用了“to+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”的結(jié)的結(jié)構(gòu)，我們把這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為構(gòu)

2、，我們把這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式（有時(shí)可以不帶（有時(shí)可以不帶to）。）。動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能作謂語(yǔ)。下面我們一起來(lái)看一下動(dòng)詞不定式有哪些下面我們一起來(lái)看一下動(dòng)詞不定式有哪些語(yǔ)法功能語(yǔ)法功能。2.動(dòng)詞不定式的語(yǔ)法功能：動(dòng)詞不定式的語(yǔ)法功能：1.不定式作主語(yǔ)不定式作主語(yǔ)不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將作主語(yǔ)的不定作形式主語(yǔ)，而將作主語(yǔ)的不定式放在句子后部。式放在句子后部。e.g.It is good to help others.幫助他人是件好事。幫助他人是件好事。It is exciting

3、 to surf the Internet.上網(wǎng)是件令人興奮的事。上網(wǎng)是件令人興奮的事。2.不定式作賓語(yǔ)不定式作賓語(yǔ) 學(xué)習(xí)不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),要注意掌握后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)要注意掌握后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。常見動(dòng)詞有詞。常見動(dòng)詞有:want,hope,wish,like,begin,try,need,forget,agree,help 等。等。Many people decide not to think about it.許多人決定不去想這件事。許多人決定不去想這件事。I want to go to the library.我想去圖書館。我想去圖書館。3.不定式作定語(yǔ)不定式作定

4、語(yǔ)不定式修飾名詞或代詞，起形容詞的作用，在句中作定不定式修飾名詞或代詞，起形容詞的作用，在句中作定語(yǔ)，放在被修飾對(duì)象的后面，請(qǐng)看下列句子：語(yǔ)，放在被修飾對(duì)象的后面，請(qǐng)看下列句子：I have a lot of homework to do.我有很多作業(yè)要做。我有很多作業(yè)要做。Im hungry.Give me something to eat,please.我餓了我餓了,請(qǐng)給我點(diǎn)吃的吧。請(qǐng)給我點(diǎn)吃的吧。4.不定式作狀語(yǔ)不定式作狀語(yǔ) 不定式常常作目的狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)等。不定不定式常常作目的狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)等。不定式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，要注意式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，要注意不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與句子的主語(yǔ)不

5、定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致。保持一致。I came to Beijing to see my grandpa.我來(lái)北京看望我爺爺?shù)摹Ｎ襾?lái)北京看望我爺爺?shù)?。Im glad to meet you！很高興見到你！很高興見到你！Im too tired to walk.我太累了，走不動(dòng)了。我太累了，走不動(dòng)了。5.不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)不定式可以作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，如：不定式可以作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，如：She told me to buy a ticket.她讓我去買張票。她讓我去買張票。6.不定式作表語(yǔ)不定式作表語(yǔ)不定式還可以作表語(yǔ)，如：不定式還可以作表語(yǔ)，如：Our duty today is to clea

6、n the floor.今天我們的任務(wù)是打掃地板。今天我們的任務(wù)是打掃地板。3.不定式的語(yǔ)用功能不定式的語(yǔ)用功能1）表示表示“決定、計(jì)劃、打算決定、計(jì)劃、打算做某事做某事”，如：如：We need to help the animals live in peace.我們要幫助動(dòng)物生活在安全的環(huán)境里。我們要幫助動(dòng)物生活在安全的環(huán)境里。Many people decide not to think about it.很多人決定不去想這件事。很多人決定不去想這件事。這是同學(xué)們最熟悉的表達(dá)方式，再如：這是同學(xué)們最熟悉的表達(dá)方式，再如：hope to do sth.,plan to do sth.和和w

7、ant to do sth.。我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，動(dòng)詞后面。我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，動(dòng)詞后面的不定式所表示的都是未來(lái)發(fā)生的事情。的不定式所表示的都是未來(lái)發(fā)生的事情。如果表示如果表示“決決定不做某事，打算不做某事定不做某事，打算不做某事”，就可以采用，就可以采用decide not to do sth.和和plan not to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)的句型。結(jié)構(gòu)的句型。這種放在動(dòng)詞之后的不定式，表示決定和打算的行為這種放在動(dòng)詞之后的不定式，表示決定和打算的行為，被稱為被稱為動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)。2）表示對(duì)某一行為的描述表示對(duì)某一行為的描述，如：如：It was interesting to learn about the

8、 Wolong Panda Reserve.了解臥龍大熊貓自然環(huán)境保護(hù)區(qū)的知識(shí)很有趣。了解臥龍大熊貓自然環(huán)境保護(hù)區(qū)的知識(shí)很有趣。Its sad to think about all those animals in danger.想起那些瀕危動(dòng)物讓人很難過(guò)。想起那些瀕危動(dòng)物讓人很難過(guò)。當(dāng)我們要表示當(dāng)我們要表示“做某事很重要做某事很重要”等類似概念時(shí)就可以使等類似概念時(shí)就可以使用包含動(dòng)詞不定式的這個(gè)句型：用包含動(dòng)詞不定式的這個(gè)句型：It is to do sth.如：如：It is important to build a nature reserve.建立一個(gè)自然保護(hù)區(qū)建立一個(gè)自然保護(hù)區(qū)十分重

9、要十分重要。It is good to get up early in the morning.早晨早起早晨早起有好處有好處。在這些句子中，在這些句子中，it所指的正是不定式所表達(dá)的概念，所指的正是不定式所表達(dá)的概念，it為為形式主語(yǔ)，不定式為真正主語(yǔ)。形式主語(yǔ)，不定式為真正主語(yǔ)。3）表示一個(gè)人對(duì)某件事的態(tài)度表示一個(gè)人對(duì)某件事的態(tài)度，如：，如：Are you surprised to find out that whales are in danger?發(fā)現(xiàn)鯨處境很危險(xiǎn)你感到震驚嗎？發(fā)現(xiàn)鯨處境很危險(xiǎn)你感到震驚嗎？當(dāng)我們表示類似于當(dāng)我們表示類似于“見到您很高興見到您很高興”之類的意思時(shí)，可之類的

10、意思時(shí)，可以采用以采用sb.be glad to do sth.的句型。如：的句型。如：He was happy to see them again.他為再次見到他們而感到高興。他為再次見到他們而感到高興。4）表示某一事或物的某種屬性表示某一事或物的某種屬性，如：，如：Their water isnt good to drink他們的水不適宜飲用他們的水不適宜飲用當(dāng)我們要表達(dá)諸如當(dāng)我們要表達(dá)諸如“這個(gè)問(wèn)題很難回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題很難回答”、“這些蘋果不這些蘋果不好吃好吃”之類的意思時(shí)，一般可以采用之類的意思時(shí)，一般可以采用sth.is+形容詞形容詞+to do的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：This ques

11、tion is difficult to answer.這個(gè)問(wèn)題很難回答。這個(gè)問(wèn)題很難回答。5）計(jì)劃、方案、時(shí)間等名詞后常用不定式，計(jì)劃、方案、時(shí)間等名詞后常用不定式，如：如：The government has made a new plan to help pandas.政府已經(jīng)制訂了一個(gè)保護(hù)大熊貓的新計(jì)劃。政府已經(jīng)制訂了一個(gè)保護(hù)大熊貓的新計(jì)劃。不定式在句中作名詞的定語(yǔ)。不定式在句中作名詞的定語(yǔ)。6）表示目的表示目的，如：，如：Our government is working hard to save pandas.政府正政府正在努力拯救大熊貓。在努力拯救大熊貓。在英語(yǔ)中如果表示在英語(yǔ)中

12、如果表示“做某事是為了什么做某事是為了什么”時(shí)，就可以時(shí)，就可以用用動(dòng)詞不定式表示目的，稱為目的狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式表示目的，稱為目的狀語(yǔ)。不定式可以放在。不定式可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾。如：句首，也可以放在句尾。如：To catch the early bus he got up at 5 oclock in the morning.為了趕上早班車，他早晨為了趕上早班車，他早晨5點(diǎn)就起床了。點(diǎn)就起床了。7）表示表示“可以派某種用場(chǎng)可以派某種用場(chǎng)”這類意思這類意思,如如:Many animals have no place to live in.許多動(dòng)物沒(méi)有地方生存。許多動(dòng)物沒(méi)有地方生存。當(dāng)要表

13、示當(dāng)要表示“可以居住的房間可以居住的房間”、“可以食用的東西可以食用的東西”、“可以停車的地方可以停車的地方”等類概念時(shí)，就可以用動(dòng)詞不定式，等類概念時(shí)，就可以用動(dòng)詞不定式，在在這種句子中不定式作名詞的定語(yǔ)這種句子中不定式作名詞的定語(yǔ)。如：。如：There is no place to park cars in this area.這里沒(méi)有可以停車的地方。這里沒(méi)有可以停車的地方。8）表示某事或物怎么樣表示某事或物怎么樣，如：，如：The difficulty is to stop people killing them.最困難的是阻止人們獵殺它們。最困難的是阻止人們獵殺它們。Your duty

14、 today is to send these letters out.你今天的任務(wù)就是把這些信都發(fā)出去。你今天的任務(wù)就是把這些信都發(fā)出去。本句中不定式置于系動(dòng)詞后面，作表語(yǔ)，對(duì)主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)本句中不定式置于系動(dòng)詞后面，作表語(yǔ)，對(duì)主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明充說(shuō)明。課堂小測(cè)驗(yàn)課堂小測(cè)驗(yàn)Individual activity1.Would you please tell me next?A.how to do B.what to doC.what do I do D.how I should do 2.The girl wasnt to lift that bookcase.A.too strong B.eno

15、ugh strongC.strong enough D.so strong 一、單項(xiàng)選擇。一、單項(xiàng)選擇。3.For a time his grandmother found _ accept his new idea.A.hard B.it hard C.it hard to D.it is hard to 4.As she has never been there before,Ill have someone _ her the way.A.show B.to show C.showing D.showed 5.You drive slowly.The roads are wet.A.ha

16、d rather B.would ratherC.had better D.would better 6.Nothing can make the brave soldier_ his country.A.turn against B.to turn againstC.to turn to D.turn to 7.In the old days it was difficult for the poor _ a job.A.find B.to find C.look D.to look for 8.When learning a foreign language,try our best _

17、the spirit of it.A.master B.hold C.take hold of D.to master 9.It was foolish _ his car unlocked.A.for him to leave B.of him to leaveC.for him leave D.him to leave 10.Remember _ the newspaper when you have finished it.A.putting back B.put back C.to put back D.will put back 11.Napoleon spoke so loudly

18、 as to _ in front of his soldiers.A.hearB.be heard C.listen D.be listened to 12.Television and radio _ to know what is going on all over the world.A.made it possible of us B.have made us possible C.have made it possible for us D.have made it be possible for us 13.I have enjoyed my visit here.Ill be

19、very sorry_.A.for leavingB.to leave C.if leaving D.to have left 14.I dont see how I could possible manage _ the work without _.A.to finish；helping B.to finish；being helped C.finishing；helping D.finishing；being helped 15.We all think it most foolish _ this mistake.A.for you making B.of you to make C.

20、you to make D.for you to make 16.Because of air pollution being greatly reduced,this city is still .A.a good place which to be lived in B.a good place to live C.a good place to live in D.a good place to live for 17.You were lost on your way to the lake,werent you?Yes,we were and had to stop _ the wa

21、y.A.asking B.to ask C.asked D.to be asked 18.She felt it a great shame so severely in the presence of her boy friend.A.to criticize B.to have criticized C.to be criticized D.to have been criticized 19.The advertisements are trying people to buy things they dont really need.A.persuade B.persuading C.

22、be persuading D.to persuade 20.If you were much younger,I would arrange _ as the general manager,for all your colleagues speak highly of your work.A.for you to work B.of you to workC.for you work D.you work 21.On our way back home,we _ lunch because we felt hungry.A.stopped to have B.stop to have C.

23、stopped having D.stoped to have 22.I did nothing but _ my lessons last Sunday.A.go over B.to go over C.went over D.go on 23.Id prefer _ home rather than _ a walk.A.to stay;to take B.stay;to take C.to stay;take D.stay;take 24.He was so foolish _ his car unlocked.A.to leave B.that leave C.as to leave

24、D.for him to leave 25.Your flat needs _.Do you want me _it for you?A.to clean;to do B.cleaning;doingC.cleaning;to do D.to be cleaned;doing 26.What the scientist said greatly encouraged us _ the experiment again,but his secretarys words discouraged us _ the experiment any more.A.to try;to do B.to try

25、;from doingC.for trying;from doing D.trying;to do 二、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。二、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Do you know when _(have)a picnic?2.She is very busy today.She has a lot of work _(do).3.Our teacher asked us _(be)careful when we crossed the road.4.Its easy for us _(answer)the question.to haveto doto beto answer三三、漢譯英。、漢譯英。1.我們需要更好的保護(hù)它們。我們需要更好的保護(hù)它們。We need to protect them better.2.許多動(dòng)物沒(méi)地方住。許多動(dòng)物沒(méi)地方住。Many animals have no place to live.3.我們究竟能做什么？我們究竟能做什么？What on earth can we do?4.現(xiàn)在有許多瀕危動(dòng)物?，F(xiàn)在有許多瀕危動(dòng)物。Now therere many animals in danger.