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1、第十講 代詞和介詞（短語）,01,02,06,針對(duì)訓(xùn)練,代詞,代詞是代替名詞及起名詞作用的短語或句子的詞。與漢語不同，在英語中代詞使用非常廣泛。雖然代詞的數(shù)量有限，但種類和變化卻非常繁多。代詞根據(jù)其用法特點(diǎn)可分為九類：人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、連接代詞和關(guān)系代詞等。,一、人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞,一、人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞,1.人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。主格在句中通常作主語，賓格在句中作賓語、表語、同位語等成分。,2形容詞性物主代詞通常在句中作定語，修飾名詞。名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞名詞”，可以作主語、賓語和表語，只能單獨(dú)使用

2、，不能用于名詞前。,3反身代詞通常表示動(dòng)作的承受者就是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，可以在句中作賓語、表語、同位語，有時(shí)候也可以作介詞的賓語。,一、人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞,She was beautiful and could run faster than others. 她(那時(shí))很美并且比其他人跑得快。 He invited some friends of his to his party. 他邀請(qǐng)了他的一些朋友參加宴會(huì)。 The child looked at himself in the mirror with interest. 那個(gè)孩子饒有興趣地看著鏡子里的自己。,一、人稱代詞、物主代詞和

3、反身代詞,名師指津含有反身代詞的習(xí)慣用語,二、指示代詞,二、指示代詞,What I want to say is this：you should grasp every minute to finish your work. 我想說的是，你應(yīng)該抓住每一分鐘的時(shí)間完成你的工作。 Such is the power of the Internet that it can make a person suddenly famous. 這就是網(wǎng)絡(luò)的力量，它可以使人一夜成名。 The quality of education in this small school is better than tha

4、t in some larger schools. 這所規(guī)模很小的學(xué)校的教學(xué)質(zhì)量比有些規(guī)模較大的學(xué)校的教學(xué)質(zhì)量還要好。 Studying Wendys menu，I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonalds. 研究了溫迪的菜單，我發(fā)現(xiàn)其中很多東西和麥當(dāng)勞的相似。,三、不定代詞,1不定代詞的基本用法,三、不定代詞,1不定代詞的基本用法,As the two dictionaries are useful, Ill take both and either of them is very important to

5、me. 由于這兩本詞典都有用，我會(huì)把它們都帶走，每一本對(duì)我來說都非常重要。 Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but neither of them wants to, because they have work to do. 拉里讓比爾和彼得跟他一起去野餐，但他們兩個(gè)都不想去，因?yàn)樗麄兌加泄ぷ饕觥?You are a team star！Working with others is really your cup of tea. 你是隊(duì)里的明星！與別人一起工作的確是你的所愛。,三、不定代詞,2復(fù)合不定代詞的用法,三

6、、不定代詞,2復(fù)合不定代詞的用法,There is something in his words. We should have a try. 他說的話不無道理，我們應(yīng)該試一試。 Nobody can be good at something for 40 years if he doesnt love it. 沒有人能持續(xù)四十年把某件事做得很好，除非他熱愛它。,三、不定代詞,3. 表示數(shù)量的不定代詞的用法,三、不定代詞,3. 表示數(shù)量的不定代詞的用法,Few of us can speak four foreign languages. 我們當(dāng)中很少有人會(huì)說四種外語。 She can spe

7、ak a little French，but she knows little English. 她能講點(diǎn)法語，但她幾乎不懂英語。,四、it的用法,指時(shí)間、距離、天氣、日期、溫度等。,Its early spring, but it is already hot. 現(xiàn)在是初春，但是天氣已經(jīng)很熱了。,1,四、it的用法,指代前面提到過的事物、群體、想法等或代替指示代詞this，that。,Although he didnt like it, I decided to see the movie anyway. 盡管他不喜歡這部電影，我還是決定去看一看。,2,四、it的用法,當(dāng)說話者弄不清對(duì)方是誰

8、，不清楚或沒必要知道說話對(duì)象的性別時(shí)，可以用it來指代。,What will you call it if it is a boy? 要是男孩的話，你會(huì)給他取個(gè)什么名字？,3,四、it的用法,作形式主語或形式賓語，代替不定式、動(dòng)名詞或名詞性從句。,It is dangerous for you to swim in the river. 你在這條河里游泳是危險(xiǎn)的。(it作形式主語，to swim in the river是真正的主語) He didnt make it clear when and where the meeting would be held. 他沒說清楚何時(shí)何地舉行會(huì)議。(

9、it作形式賓語，從句when and where.是真正的賓語),4,介詞（短語）,介詞在句中不能單獨(dú)作句子成分，介詞后面一般有名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類、短語或從句作它的賓語，表示與其他成分的關(guān)系。介詞可以分為時(shí)間介詞、地點(diǎn)介詞、方式介詞、原因介詞、數(shù)量介詞和其他介詞。介詞后面的名詞或代詞稱為介詞賓語(如果是人稱代詞，則要用賓格)，介詞和介詞賓語合在一起構(gòu)成介詞短語。,一、常見介詞的用法,表示時(shí)間的介詞,(1)at，on和in,1,一、常見介詞的用法,表示時(shí)間的介詞,(2)in和after,1,一、常見介詞的用法,表示方位的介詞,(1)above，below，over，under，on

10、和beneath,2,一、常見介詞的用法,表示方位的介詞,(1)above，below，over，under，on和beneath,2,一、常見介詞的用法,表示方位的介詞,(2)through，across和over,2,一、常見介詞的用法,表示方位的介詞,(3)in，on和to,2,一、常見介詞的用法,表示交通方式的by，on和in,3,一、常見介詞的用法,表示“原因、理由”的介詞：for，at，with，from/of,4,一、常見介詞的用法,表示“原因、理由”的介詞：for，at，with，from/of,4,一、常見介詞的用法,其他常見介詞的用法,(1)against的用法,5,一、常

11、見介詞的用法,其他常見介詞的用法,(1)against的用法,5,一、常見介詞的用法,其他常見介詞的用法,(2)beyond的用法,5,二、固定搭配中的介詞,介詞與名詞的常用搭配,(1)atn.,1,at a loss 不知所措 at peace 處于和平中 at war 在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中 at work 在工作,二、固定搭配中的介詞,介詞與名詞的常用搭配,(2)atthen.of,1,at the beginning of 在的開始 at the cost of 以的代價(jià) at the risk of 冒的危險(xiǎn) at the mercy of 在支配下；任由擺布,二、固定搭配中的介詞,介詞與名詞的常

12、用搭配,(3)onn.,1,on exhibition/show 在展出 on fire 著火 on sale 出售，打折 on the way 在途中 on the decrease/increase 在減少/在增加 on holiday/vacation 在度假,二、固定搭配中的介詞,介詞與名詞的常用搭配,(4)onn.of,1,on account of 因?yàn)?on behalf of 代表,二、固定搭配中的介詞,介詞與名詞的常用搭配,(5)byn.,1,by accident 偶然by air/plane 乘飛機(jī) by chance 偶然by coincidence 碰巧 by han

13、d 用手工by mistake 錯(cuò)誤地 by the day 按天算by nature 天生地,二、固定搭配中的介詞,介詞與名詞的常用搭配,(6)inn.,1,in cash 用現(xiàn)金付款 in depth 在深度上 in detail 詳細(xì)地 in height 在高度上 in length 在長(zhǎng)度上 in English 用英語 in return 作為回報(bào),二、固定搭配中的介詞,介詞與名詞的常用搭配,(7)inn.of,1,in place of 代替in possession of 擁有，占有 in charge of 掌管in support of 為支持 in spite of 盡管

14、in favor of 支持，贊成 in case of 萬一；如果；假如in honour of 為向表示敬意 in memory of 為了紀(jì)念,二、固定搭配中的介詞,介詞與名詞的常用搭配,(8)ofn.(等于相應(yīng)的形容詞),1,of benefit 有益處的 of help 有幫助的 of importance 重要的 of significance 有意義的 of use 有用的 of value 有價(jià)值的,二、固定搭配中的介詞,介詞與名詞的常用搭配,(9)out ofn.,1,out of balance 失去平衡out of breath 上氣不接下氣 out of control

15、 不受控制out of date 過期 out of order 出故障out of sight 看不到 out of the question 不可能out of work 失業(yè),二、固定搭配中的介詞,介詞與名詞的常用搭配,(10)undern.(表示被動(dòng)),1,under attack 遭到襲擊 under pressure 在壓力下 under treatment 在治療中 under control 處于控制之中,二、固定搭配中的介詞,介詞與名詞的常用搭配,(11)withn.(表示方式),1,with delight/joy 高興地 with difficulty 困難地 with

16、ease 輕而易舉地 with fear 害怕地 with pleasure 樂意地,二、固定搭配中的介詞,介詞與名詞的常用搭配,(12)beyondn.,1,beyond pare 無與倫比 beyond reach 夠不到 beyond description 難以描述 beyond expression/words 難以表達(dá),二、固定搭配中的介詞,介詞與形容詞的常用搭配,(1)beadj.about,2,be anxious about 憂慮 be curious about 對(duì)好奇 be particular about 對(duì)講究/挑剔 be worried/concerned abou

17、t 對(duì)擔(dān)心,二、固定搭配中的介詞,介詞與形容詞的常用搭配,(2)beadj.at,2,be angry at 因生氣 be good at 擅長(zhǎng) be astonished at 對(duì)吃驚 be present at 出席,二、固定搭配中的介詞,介詞與形容詞的常用搭配,(3)beadj.in,2,be absorbed in 專注于 be active in 積極于 be dressed in 穿著 be engaged in 忙于 be rich in 富含 be occupied in 忙于,二、固定搭配中的介詞,介詞與形容詞的常用搭配,(4)beadj.for,2,be eager for

18、 渴望 be famous for 以著名 be fit for 適合，勝任 be ready for 準(zhǔn)備好 be sorry for 對(duì)感到抱歉 be prepared for 為做好準(zhǔn)備,二、固定搭配中的介詞,介詞與形容詞的常用搭配,(5)beadj.from,2,be absent from 缺席 be different from 不同于 be far from 遠(yuǎn)離 be free from 不受影響,二、固定搭配中的介詞,介詞與形容詞的常用搭配,(6)beadj.to,2,be close to 接近be devoted to 致力于 be equal to 等于be famil

19、iar to 對(duì)來說熟悉 be friendly to 對(duì)友好 be harmful to 對(duì)有危害 be kind to 對(duì)友好be similar to 與相似 be grateful to 對(duì)心存感激,二、固定搭配中的介詞,介詞與形容詞的常用搭配,(7)beadj.of,2,be aware of 意識(shí)到 be fond of 喜歡 be proud of 因而自豪 be short of 缺乏,二、固定搭配中的介詞,介詞與形容詞的常用搭配,(8)beadj.with,2,be busy with 忙于 be familiar with 對(duì)熟悉 be bined with 與結(jié)合 be

20、patient with 對(duì)有耐心 be popular with 受的歡迎 be pleased with 對(duì)感到滿意 by angry with (sb) 對(duì)(某人)發(fā)怒,二、固定搭配中的介詞,名師指津(1)常用it作形式主語或形式賓語的句式： It is a pity/shame that. 真可惜/丟人 It is no wonder that. 難怪 It seems/appears that. 似乎/看起來 It looks/seems as if/though. 看起來好像 It happens that. 碰巧 It occurs to/es to/strikes/hits s

21、b that. 某人突然想起 It is said/reported/announced/believed/hoped/suggested that. 據(jù)說/據(jù)報(bào)道/據(jù)宣布/人們認(rèn)為/人們希望/人們建議 It is no use/good/a waste of time doing sth 做某事沒有用/好處/浪費(fèi)時(shí)間 It takes sb some time to do sth 做某事花費(fèi)某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,It is a waste of time trying to persuade him to change his mind. 試圖說服他改變主意是在浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。,二、固定搭配中的介詞,名師

22、指津主語表示情感傾向的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(enjoy，prefer，love，like，hate，dislike，appreciate，rely/count on等)itthat/if/when.,I would appreciate it if you take my suggestion into consideration. 如果你考慮我的建議我將感激不盡。,. 單句語法填空,1The railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using _

23、 every day.(2017全國(guó)卷) 2She plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree _ engineering or architecture.(2017全國(guó)卷) 3On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _ (it) mother.(2016全國(guó)卷) 4My connection with pandas goes back _ m

24、y days on a TV show in the mid1980s.(2016全國(guó)卷) 5Most of us are more focused _ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.(2016全國(guó)卷),it,in,its,to,on,. 單句語法填空,6Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat _ their hands.(2016全國(guó)卷) 7The airplan

25、e flew _ the mountains and disappeared in the distance. 8He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held. 9During the rush hour，I have been looking for a taxi but havent found _ yet. 10Nowadays the universities are totally different from _ of the past.,with,over,it,one,those,. 單句語法填空,

26、11Feeling that I could not stand waiting in such a line any longer，I decided to join _ one. 12So _ is no wonder that the building was named the UKs worst building. 13When he came to life，he found _ (he)lying on the ground，bleeding in the head. 14I feel interested in the report on middle school stude

27、nts using cell phones on campus. In fact，more students now e to school _ cell phones. 15In the winter of 1891，a certain college was having some trouble with _ (it) boy students.,another,it,himself,with,its,. 單句語法填空,16I hope my parents wont try to force me to do _ (they) favorite job. 17Both teams we

28、re in hard training; _ was willing to lose the game. 18While staying in the village，James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything _ return. 19Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence. _ the other hand，it could just put yo

29、u in debt. 20If we can change our attitude _ things in the world，we can certainly adjust our emotions.,their,neither,in,On,to/towards,. 單句改錯(cuò),1Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school.(2017全國(guó)卷) 2They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening too

30、ls.(2017全國(guó)卷) 3If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books. 4It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot. 5I need to take some exercise every day and find ways to relax me.,both或去掉all,our,much,myself,. 單句改錯(cuò),6Close to the school there was a b

31、eautiful park with many trees around them. 7Global warming is having a great effect at hundreds of plant and animal species around the world，changing some living patterns. 8The book Im reading of talks about afternoon tea in Britain. It is said to have started in the early 1800s. 9Im going to a conf

32、erence in you town in May，from 16th to 20th. 10Although he majored in art and literature in college，he had little interest in neither subject.,it,on,your,either,. 翻譯句子,1隨著時(shí)間的流逝，他們都長(zhǎng)成大小伙子和大姑娘了。 2聽了她感人的故事后，每個(gè)人都被感動(dòng)得無以言表。 3獨(dú)居而不和他人來往沒有好處。 4他能否來珍妮的生日聚會(huì)還不確定。,With time going by，they have grown into adult bo

33、ys and adult girls.,Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving story.,It is no good living alone without keeping in touch with others.,It is uncertain whether he can e to Jennys birthday party or not.,. 翻譯句子,5在冬季，黑龍江的天氣比廣州的天氣冷得多。 6我代表在場(chǎng)的所有人祝你回國(guó)旅途愉快。,In winter，the weather of Heilo

34、ngjiang is much colder than that of Guangzhou.,On behalf of everyone here，I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.,. 語法填空,Because 1._ Chinas vast size and varied climate，the people historically developed different housing styles for each particular region and climate. Courtyard houses，als

35、o known as siheyuan buildings，are 2._ (mon) found in North China，especially in Beijing. They are enclosed (圍住的) courtyards surrounded by four，one-story housing structures. The main entrance is usually at the southeastern corner. The south side 3._ (contain) rooms that traditionally serve as the kitc

36、hen and servants quarters. The main house is at the north end，while the other sides are for married children and their families.,of,monly,contains,. 語法填空,Among 4._ most interesting styles of Chinese houses is the socalled “cave dwelling” or yaodong. Despite the name，it is a manmade structure 5._ (di

37、g) out of the sides of mountains or the ground. It is found in Northwest China，6._ has dry loess (黃土)The use of such earth helps provide these homes with 7._ (fort) temperatures to live in. Another famous style is the earthen house of Fujian Province. A group of Han Chinese built these houses more t

38、han a thousand years ago after they moved south 8._ (escape) wars and unrest. These structures are three or four 9._ (floor) high，and are round or square in design，helping to protect 10._ (they) from enemies.,the,dug,which,fortable,to escape,floors,them,. 短文改錯(cuò),Last Friday，our class had invited a wel

39、lknown artist to teach us how to draw a lotus in traditional Chinese style. As soon as an artist came into the classroom，he was given a warm wele，what made him so happy. All of us wore big smiles. First，he showed us some skillful ways of draw a lotus. We circled around him and watched him careful. T

40、hen we made an attempt to do it by us under his instructions. Finally，because my excellent performance，I was given the award of “Outstanding Young Artist”Looking at it，I feel very excited. Through this experience，we are all amazing at Chinese painting and proud of being Chinese. We hope we can have more activity of this kind in the future!,the,of,which,drawing,carefully,ourselves,felt,amazed,activities,