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1、WelcomeUnit 8 Brave it OutGrammar句子的種類句子的種類Categories of Sentences1.陳述句陳述句(Declarative Sentences)v用來(lái)說(shuō)明事實(shí)或說(shuō)話人的看法。I go to school by bike every day.我每天騎自行車上學(xué)。They are having an English class now.他們現(xiàn)在正在上英語(yǔ)課。She doesnt like playing basketball.她不喜歡打籃球。陳述句的否定形式：1)凡陳述句中的謂語(yǔ)部分有助動(dòng)詞 be,have/has 或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can,ma

2、y,must,will,shall等等時(shí)，其否定式只需在它們后面加not即可。如：TomcanspeakEnglish.(肯定句)湯姆會(huì)講英語(yǔ)。TomcannotspeakEnglish.(否定句)湯姆不會(huì)講英語(yǔ)。2)如果陳述句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只是行為動(dòng)詞,而沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其否定式要在行為動(dòng)詞前加do not或第三人稱單數(shù)加does not；動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)，在動(dòng)詞前加did not；后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞原形。如：They went to school by bike yesterday.(肯定句)他們昨天騎車上學(xué)。They did not go to school by bike yest

3、erday.(否定句)他們昨天沒(méi)騎車上學(xué)。She studies very hard.(肯定句)她非常努力學(xué)習(xí)。She does not study very hard.(否定句)她學(xué)習(xí)不很努力。下列句子改為否定句：v1.Hedoessomereadingeveryday.vHe_readingeveryday.v2.Ihavetowashthedishes.vI_washthedishes.v3.Tellhimthenews.v_himthenews.v4.Shehasbrothersandsisters.vShe_brothers_sisters.v5.Ithinksheisright.v

4、I_she_right.doesntdoanydonthavetoDonttelldoesnthaveordontthinkis2.疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)句(Interrogative Sentences)v有四種形式：一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句和反意疑問(wèn)句。句和反意疑問(wèn)句。Does she like music?（一般疑問(wèn)句）她喜歡音樂(lè)嗎？How much is the T-shirt?（特殊疑問(wèn)句）這件T-恤衫多少錢？You are in Class 2,arent you?（反意疑問(wèn)句）你在二班，不是嗎？Is your pen friend a boy or

5、a girl?（選擇疑問(wèn)句）你的筆友是男孩還是女孩？v以情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞be開(kāi)頭開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句。一般疑問(wèn)句需以Yes或或No回答。如：-Does she like music?她喜歡音樂(lè)嗎？-Yes,she does.是的，她喜歡。-Is there a map on the wall?墻上有地圖嗎？-No,there isnt.不，沒(méi)有。1）一般疑問(wèn)句）一般疑問(wèn)句(General Questions)：v-Did you go to school yesterday?你昨天上學(xué)了嗎？-Yes,I did.是的，我去了。一般疑問(wèn)句的答語(yǔ)有時(shí)可用Certainly,

6、Ofcourse,Sure等回答,如：-May I use your pen?我可以用你的鋼筆嗎？-Certainly.當(dāng)然可以。下列句子改為一般疑問(wèn)句：v1.Thereissomefruitjuiceintheglass.v_fruitjuiceintheglass?v2.Hehastostayhere.v_he_tostaythere?v3.Wedoeyeexerciseseveryday.v_you_eyeexerciseseveryday?v4.Shehassomethingtoeat.v_she_toeat?v5.Iamgoodatsinginganddancing.v_yougoo

7、datsinging_dancing?IsthereanyDoeshaveDodoDoeshaveanythingAreor2)特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)句(Special Questions)v是以疑問(wèn)詞開(kāi)始的疑問(wèn)句。常用的疑問(wèn)詞有：who/whom(誰(shuí)誰(shuí)),whose(誰(shuí)的誰(shuí)的),what(什么什么),which(哪哪個(gè)，那些個(gè)，那些),when/what time(什么時(shí)間什么時(shí)間),where(什么地方什么地方),why(為什么為什么),how(如何如何),How many/much(多少多少)等等。等等。特殊疑問(wèn)句由“疑問(wèn)詞加一般疑問(wèn)句”構(gòu)成。對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)時(shí)，語(yǔ)序與陳述句相同。特殊疑問(wèn)句要根據(jù)

8、問(wèn)句的內(nèi)容如實(shí)回答，不再用yes或no。如：-Who is the man over there?那邊那個(gè)人是誰(shuí)？-He is our English teacher.他是我們英語(yǔ)老師。-Why are you late for school today?你今天為什么上學(xué)遲到？-I miss the early bus.我沒(méi)趕上早班公交車。-Whose coat is this?這是誰(shuí)的外衣？-Its Toms.這是湯姆的對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)v1.Mymothergoestoworkbybike.v_yourmother_towork?v2.ThatisamapofFrance.v_mapistha

9、t?v3.IthinkChinesefoodisverynice.v_doyou_Chinesefood?v4.Thestudentsliketheirteacherverymuch.v_dothestudents_theirteacher?v5.Hisuncleisabusinessman.v_hisuncle_?HowdoesgoWhatHowthinkofHowlikeWhatdoesdov6.ItsSundaytoday.v_isittoday?v7.Therearesixkitesinthesky.v_inthesky?v8.HelivesinRoom306.v_he_in?v9.S

10、helooksworriedbecauseshecantfindherdog.v_she_worried?v10.Ittakeshimhalfanhourtowritethee-mail.v_it_himtowritethee-mail?WhatdayHowmanykitesarethereWhichroomdoesliveWhydoeslookHowlongdoestake3）選擇疑問(wèn)句）選擇疑問(wèn)句(Alternative Questions)v提出兩種或多種情況，要求對(duì)方選擇一種。結(jié)構(gòu)是“一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句+or+省略的一般疑問(wèn)省略的一般疑問(wèn)句句”，或用疑問(wèn)詞，或用疑問(wèn)詞which,wh

11、ose等等提問(wèn)?；卮饡r(shí)須選擇其中一種情況回答，不能用yes或no回答。如：-Is this a basketball or a football?這是籃球還是足球？-Its a basketball.這是籃球。-Which is your bag,the blue one or the yellow one?哪個(gè)是你的書包，藍(lán)的還是黃的？-The blue one.藍(lán)色的。將下列句子翻譯成英語(yǔ)v你喜歡踢足球還是打籃球？vv你準(zhǔn)備乘火車還是乘汽車？vv你想要什么?？Х冗€是茶？vv你有幾只筆，一支還是兩支？vDoyoulikeplayingfootballorbasketball?Willyoug

12、otherebybusorbytrain?Whatwouldyoulike,coffeeortea?Howmanypensdoyouhave,oneortwo?4）反意疑問(wèn)句）反意疑問(wèn)句(Disjunctive Questions)v表示提問(wèn)者有一定的主見(jiàn)，但沒(méi)把握，希望對(duì)方來(lái)證實(shí)。反意疑問(wèn)句由兩部分的構(gòu)成反意疑問(wèn)句由兩部分的構(gòu)成：前一部分是對(duì)事物的陳述，后一部分是省略型的簡(jiǎn)單問(wèn)句。如果前一部分用肯定式，后一部分要用否定式；前一部分用否定式，后一部分要用肯定式。兩部分的人稱和時(shí)態(tài)要一致。即即“前肯后否，前否后肯。前肯后否，前否后肯?！睂?duì)反意疑問(wèn)句的回答：不管問(wèn)題的提法如何，事實(shí)是肯定的，要用y

13、es，事實(shí)是否定的，要用no。這和漢語(yǔ)不一樣，要特別注意。-You are from Australia,arent you?你來(lái)自澳大利亞，不是嗎？-No,Im not.Im from Canada.不，不是。我來(lái)自加拿大。-She didnt visit her aunt yesterday,did she?她昨天沒(méi)去看她的阿姨，是嗎？-Yes,she did.不，她去了。反義疑問(wèn)句練習(xí)v1.Hehasalotofworktodo,_?v2.UncleWangforgottobringyourbag,_?v3.Itsfinetoday,_?v4.TomwantstogethisTVsetb

14、ack,_?v5.JackdidntwatchTVlastnight,_?v6.Openthewindows,_?v7.MissGreenisgoingtoworkinLondon,_?v8.LucyhadapartylastSunday,_?doesnt/hasnthedidnthedidntheisntitdoesnthedidhewill/wontyouisntshedidntshe3.祈使句祈使句(Imperative Sentences)v用來(lái)表示命令、勸告等。說(shuō)話的對(duì)象是第二人稱,“you”常被省略。句末用句號(hào)或嘆號(hào)。1)祈使句的開(kāi)頭用動(dòng)詞原形，如：Sit down,please.

15、請(qǐng)坐。Close the door,please.請(qǐng)關(guān)門。2)祈使句的否定式在句首用Dont，有時(shí)用Never,如：Dont put the flowers on the table,please.別把花兒放在桌子上。Never do it again.再不要這么做了。祈使句練習(xí)v1.Itsanimportantmeeting._(not,be)late.v2._(not,make)anynoise!Yourmotherissleeping.v3._(not,speak)withyourmouthfulloffoodand_(be)polite.v4._(not,talk)and_(read)

16、aloud.v5._(look)out!Acariscoming.DontbeDontmakeDontspeakbeDonttalkreadLook4.感嘆句感嘆句(Exclamatory Sentencesv多用how或what引起，來(lái)表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈的感情。1)“How+形容詞或副詞形容詞或副詞+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)！謂語(yǔ)！”How nice the flowers are!這些花兒多好哇！How fast Tom is riding on his bike!湯姆騎車多快呀！2)“What+a(an)+形容詞形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主主語(yǔ)語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)！謂語(yǔ)！”What a big apple it

17、 is!多么大的蘋果呀！What an interesting book it is!多么有趣的書呀！v3)“What+形容詞形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)！謂語(yǔ)！”What good students they are!他們是多好的學(xué)生??！What bad news it is!多么糟糕的消息呀。4)在口語(yǔ)中，有時(shí)主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)都省略，有時(shí)只用在口語(yǔ)中，有時(shí)主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)都省略，有時(shí)只用一個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)，有時(shí)省略副詞和形容詞。一個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)，有時(shí)省略副詞和形容詞。如：What a heavy bag!口袋真重！How nice!多好??！Cool!真酷！How they work!他們真能干！感嘆句練習(xí)v_deliciousthedishis!vA.WhatB.HowC.Whatav_strangeclothesheiswearing!vA.WhataB.WhatC.Howav_interestingsubjectitis!vA.WhatB.HowC.Whatanv_foggyitwasyesterday!vA.WhatB.WhataC.Howv_carelessboyyouare!vA.HowB.WhataC.WhatBBCCB