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1、十二、主旨大意文章大意題,專題三第二節(jié)分類突破,真題感悟,名師點津,內(nèi)容索引,隨堂限時練,真題感悟,(2018北京，A) My First Marathon(馬拉松) A month before my first marathon，one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks，leaving me only two weeks to train.Yet，I was determined to go ahead. I remember back to my 7th year in school.In

2、my first P.E.class，the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball.I didnt do either well.He later informed me that I was “not athletic”.,The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years.When I started running in my 30s，I realized running was a battle against myself，not about p

3、etition or whether or not I was athletic.It was all about the battle against my own body and mind.A test of wills! The night before my marathon，I dreamt that I couldnt even find the finish line.I woke up sweating and nervous，but ready to prove something to myself. Shortly after crossing the start li

4、ne，my shoe laces(鞋帶) became untied.So I stopped to readjust.Not the start I wanted! At mile 3，I passed a sign：“GO FOR IT，RUNNERS！”,By mile 17，I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly.Despite the pain，I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again. By mile 21，I was starv

5、ing! As I approached mile 23，I could see my wife waving a sign.She is my biggest fan.She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m.or questioned my expenses on running. I was one of the final runners to finish.But I finished! And I got a medal.In fact，I got the same medal as the one that the gu

6、y who came in first place had. Determined to be myself，move forward，free of shame and worldly labels(世俗標簽)，I can now call myself a “marathon winner”.,語篇解讀,語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者不畏艱難，挑戰(zhàn)自我，堅持跑完馬拉松，實現(xiàn)了一次從自我砥礪到自我認識的人生“長跑”的勵志故事。文章旨在向人們傳遞積極的價值觀：只要勇于挑戰(zhàn)，拼搏進取，人人皆為勝者。,36.A month before the marathon，the author .

7、 A.was well trainedB.felt scared C.made up his mind to runD.lost hope,解析細節(jié)理解題。由第一段第二句“Yet，I was determined to go ahead.”并結合上句最后的“l(fā)eaving me only two weeks to train”可知，雖然作者在馬拉松比賽前一個月腳踝受傷需休息兩周，但他決心在僅剩的兩周訓練時間里繼續(xù)前行，去參加馬拉松長跑。此處的關鍵信息determined與選項C中的made up his mind相吻合。故選C。,答案,解析,37.Why did the author ment

8、ion the P.E.class in his 7th year? A.To acknowledge the support of his teacher. B.To amuse the readers with a funny story. C.To show he was not talented in sports. D.To share a precious memory.,解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“I didnt do either well.He later informed me that I was not athletic.”可知，作者列舉小時候第一次上體育課的例

9、子，說明自己跑圈不行，打壘球也不行，所以老師告訴作者他不擅長體育運動。這顯然表明了作者在運動方面沒有天賦，與選項C的意思相匹配。,答案,解析,38.How was the authors first marathon? A.He made it. B.He quit halfway. C.He got the first prize. D.He walked to the end.,解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“I was one of the final runners to finish.But I finished！”可知，作者跑完了這次馬拉松。這與選項A中的“made it(做成

10、)”意思相吻合。,答案,解析,39.What does the story mainly tell us? A.A man owes his success to his family support. B.A winner is one with a great effort of will. C.Failure is the mother of success. D.One is never too old to learn.,解析文章大意題。根據(jù)作者對自己馬拉松情況的敘述可知，對于一位腳踝有傷、不具有運動天賦的人來說去跑馬拉松面臨的挑戰(zhàn)可想而知，但作者不畏艱難，憑著強大的意志力，最后成功

11、到達終點，顯然就是選項B提到的“一位具有強大意志力的獲勝者”。故選B項。,答案,解析,名師點津,一、題型解讀 說明文、記敘文、議論文三種文體涉及的多種話題如社會文化類、人物故事類、科普說明類，都會考查文章大意類題。設問形式常有： (1)What is the main theme/topic/idea of this/the passage/the text? (2)What does the text/passage mainly focus on? (3)The passage is mainly about . (4)The general/main idea of the passag

12、e is . (5)The passage mainly focuses on .,二、解題技巧“主題句定位”尋主旨 文章是由段落組成的。段落的主題就是段落的中心思想，具體段落的中心思想又是為文章整體中心思想服務的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具體段落中心的基礎上的。找出每小段的主題句，各段的主題句常在該段的首句或尾句，各段主題句的整體歸納便是文章的中心思想。有的文章無明顯主題句，主題句隱含在段意之中，這就需要進一步加工概括。觀察全文的結構安排，理解文章的“重心”和支撐性細節(jié)。,主題句的位置一般有以下幾種： (1)主題句出現(xiàn)在文首。開門見山，提出主題，用細節(jié)來解釋或拓展主題句所表達

13、的主題思想，是最常見的演繹法寫作方式。新聞報道、說明文或議論文通常采用這種寫法。 (2)主題句出現(xiàn)在文末。在表述細節(jié)后，歸納要點以概括主題，是最常見的歸納法寫作方式。 (3)主題句首尾呼應。為突出主題，作者先提出主題，結束時再次點出主題。 (4)主題句出現(xiàn)在中間。寫作方式為：細節(jié)描述歸納主題進一步解釋。,以下是找主題句的四個小竅門： 1.段落中出現(xiàn)表示轉折的詞語(如however，but，in fact，actually等)時，該句很可能是主題句。 2.首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時，對該問題的回答很可能就是文章主旨。 3.作者有意識地重復的觀點，通常是主旨；反復出現(xiàn)的詞語，一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關鍵詞。 4

14、.表示總結或結論的句子常包含therefore，thus，in short，conclude，conclusion等詞。,例如：【真題感悟】中第39題，通讀全文可知，作者在講述自己跑馬拉松的經(jīng)歷，再根據(jù)最后一段“Determined to be myself，move forward，free of shame and worldly labels(世俗標簽)，I can now call myself a marathon winner.”可知，作者成功跑完馬拉松源于自己的強大意志力。故選B。,隨堂限時練,A (2018天津十二區(qū)縣二模) While learning the science

15、 lessons，I used to get a doubtwhy ears，nose，tongue and eyes should be called as special senses? The basic reason is that these are the channels through which we maintain contact with the surroundings.Though apparently it may feel like these are individual sensory organs，they do show some connectivit

16、y.Interestingly，our hearing is less sharp after we eat a heavy food.Isnt it good for a sound nap after a stomach-full meal？That does not mean we go deaf after a meal，but the hearing pitch(強度) does change after a heavy meal.,We usually give credit of the taste to our tongue，but do you know that unles

17、s saliva(唾液) dissolves something，our tongue cannot recognize the taste of the food eaten.Taste is nothing but the food chemicals dissolved in the saliva being sensed by the taste buds present on the tongue.Try to dry off your tongue and mouth with a tissue paper and then taste something. Women are m

18、uch better smellers than men.They are born with this characteristic ability and can correctly pinpoint(準確說出) the exact fragrance of the sample.We all can store almost 50,000 different scents，which are strongly tied to the memories.,Pupils(瞳孔) do not respond to light alone，but to the slightest bit of

19、 noise around too.Thus surgeons，watchmakers and those professionals who have to perform a much delicate job do prefer to have a sound-free environment.Even a small noise can dilate(擴大) their pupils，change the focus and blur(使模糊) their vision.If you do not wear glasses or contact lens due to having a

20、 6/6 vision，you are just among the one third of the human population.It is now statistically proved that only one third of the population has perfect vision，rest all are either wearing glasses or are trying to read with a promised vision.,Each and every one of us has a particular or individualistic

21、or characteristic smell，which is unique to us，except for the identical twins.This smell is very subtle(微妙的) yet can be sensed even by a newborn.It may be due to this scent that the newborn recognizes the presence of his parents around.Many of us can pinpoint the smell of our significant friends and

22、colleagues.A significant part of this phenomenon is guided by genetics but it is also changed by the environment，diet and personal hygiene.This all together creates the unique chemistry that is individualistic for each person.,1.We can learn from Paragraph 1 that . A.after a full meal our hearing is

23、 as good as before B.all sensory organs are connected and can be exchanged C.sensory organs functions can never be changed for their particular character D.we feel and learn about the world around us through our eyes，ears， nose and tongue,解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一、二句“.I used to get a doubtwhy ear，nose，tongue

24、and eyes should be called as special senses？The basic reason is that these are.surroundings.”可知，我們通過感官和外界保持聯(lián)系。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第一、二、三句可知，吃飽后人的聽覺會降低，但不會變聾。,2.What may happen after you have had a rich lunch? A.Your eyes bee dim. B.You may feel energetic and fresh. C.Your hearing pitch m

25、ay be decreased. D.Your tongue may lose the function of taste.,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析句意理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，舌頭必須在唾液的配合下才能分辨味道，如果用紙把舌頭擦干，舌頭的味覺功能就會喪失。故選B。,3.What does the author mean by the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2? A.Our tongues cant be dried while eating something. B.If your tongue is dried without a

26、ny saliva on it，it will not work. C.A tissue paper is the only thing that can be used to dry our tongues. D.If your tongue is dried with a tissue paper，it may work as well as before.,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Each and every one of us has a particular or individualistic or characteristic smel

27、l，which is unique to us，except for the identical twins.”可知，除同卵雙胞胎以外，我們每個人身上都有獨特的味道。故選C。,4.What makes each person different from anyone else except identical twins? A.The number of sensory organs. B.The functions of sensory organs. C.The particular smell of a person. D.The style of ones behaviour.,答案

28、,解析,1,2,3,4,5,解析主旨大意題?？v觀全文可知，這篇文章講的是感覺器官的聯(lián)系和功能。,5.What is the text mainly about? A.The functions of sensory organs. B.The connectivity of our tongue and ear. C.A newborns senses of the sensory organs. D.The differences of senses between women and men.,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,B (2018天津部分區(qū)縣一模) Do you listen t

29、o the songs that your parents like? Chances are that you dont.You probably think the music that they like is old and dull and that the songs on your playlist are much cooler. But here is what scientists found recently：peoples music tastes change as they age，according to a study published in the Jour

30、nal of Personality and Social Psychology.So its likely that your own musical preference will follow a similar path to your parents，whether you like it or not.,We used to think that culture and personality are the only factors that affect ones music choice.But researchers at the University of Cambrid

31、ge，UK，gathered data from more than 250,000 people over the past 10 years.They noticed that as people age，their social circumstances change，and so does their music tastes. There are three musical periods that people pass through as they mature“intense”，“contemporary” and “sophisticated”. The first pe

32、riod es in the teenage years，during which time people like intense music such as punk and rock because teenagers tend to be aggressive and want to establish their identity as independent individuals.,But as people move into early adulthood，their lifestyle changesthey socialize more and want to build

33、 close relationships with others.As a result，they bee more fond of contemporary music，such as pop and R&B，which is usually uplifting and danceable and played at parties where people hang out together and chat. When middle age es，things have settled down for most people.This period will be dominated(

34、支配) by more “sophisticated” music，such as jazz and classical，as well as more catchy music like country，folk，and blues.,“For many，this life stage is frequently exhausted by work and family，and there is a requirement for relaxing，emotive(有感染力的) music，” Jason Rentfrow，a researcher member，told The teleg

35、raph. But you must be thinking：“Arent there old people who are still into rock music？” Of course there are.But Rentfrow explained that their reasons for listening to rock music may have changed.“We use music for different reasons，” he said，and thus at that age people may listen to remind themselves

36、of their youths.,語篇解讀,語篇解讀本文主要講述了“是什么影響了人們的音樂品味？” 研究發(fā)現(xiàn)音樂品味隨著年齡的增長而變化。,解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“But here is what scientists found recently：peoples music tastes change as they age”可知，音樂的品味隨著年齡的增長而變化，所以孩子與父母喜歡的音樂不同?？芍鸢笧锽。,6.Why do children usually like different songs from their parents according to the passa

37、ge? A.Children prefer cool music. B.Music taste changes with age. C.Parents songs are always dull. D.Parents have better social circumstances.,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,7.The underlined word “catchy” in Paragraph 7 probably means “ ”. A.touching and easily remembered B.awkward and easily captured C.elegant b

38、ut difficult to understand D.flexible and difficult to catch,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,解析詞義猜測題。由該畫線詞后列舉的例子，如鄉(xiāng)村音樂、民謠音樂和藍調音樂，以及倒數(shù)第二段中的“For many，this life stage is frequently exhausted by work and family，and there is a requirement for relaxing，emotive(動情的) music”可知，畫線詞的意思是“吸引人的，容易記住的”，故答案為A。,6,7,8,9,10,解析推理判斷題。

39、根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“For many，this life stage is frequently exhausted by work and family，and there is a requirement for relaxing，emotive(動情的)music”可知，對很多人來說，這個人生階段經(jīng)常被工作和家庭所累，需要放松的、有感染力的音樂。由此可知，中年是一個有壓力的生活時期。故答案為D。,8.Middle age is a period when people . A.have an aggressive goal B.like pop and R&B C.desire clos

40、e connections with others D.lead a stressful life,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,9.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A.Old people dont like rock music. B.Music can serve as a reminder. C.Rock music makes old people younger. D.Listening to rock music needs reasons.,解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“We use music for differ

41、ent reasons， he said，and thus at that age people may listen to remind themselves of their youths.”可知，音樂可以作為一個引起人回憶的事物。故答案為B。,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,解析主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段及第二段首句可知，音樂的品味隨著年齡的增長而變化。所以本文講述的是“是什么影響了人們的音樂品味？”故選C。,10.Whats the main idea of the passage? A.Why do people like music? B.How can you improve your music talent? C.What influences peoples music taste? D.Why do different people like different music?,答案,解析,6,7,8,9,10,