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1、三、概括詞匯類,專題四第二節(jié)分類突破,真題研析,微技能突破,內(nèi)容索引,隨堂限時練,真題研析,(2016江蘇) An Extension of the Human Brain Other people can help us pensate for our mental and emotional deficiencies(欠缺)，much as a wooden leg can pensate for a physical deficiency.To be exact，other people can extend our intelligence and help us understand

2、 and adjust our emotions.When another person helps us in such ways，he or she is participating in what Ive called a “social prosthetic(義肢的) system.” Such systems do not need to operate face-to-face，and its clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems.Its al

3、ready a big bank of many minds.Even in its current state，the Internet has extended my memory and judgment.,Regarding memory: Once I look up something on the Internet，I dont need to keep all the details for future useI know where to find that information again and can quickly and easily do so.More ge

4、nerally，the Internet functions as if it were my memory.This function of the Internet is particularly striking when Im writing; Im no longer fortable writing if Im not connected to the Internet.Its bee natural to check facts as I write，taking a minute or two to dip into PubMed，Wikipedia，or other webs

5、ites.,Regarding judgment: The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large.For example，when Im writing a textbook，it has bee second nature to check a dozen definitions of a key term，which helps me dig into the core and understand its meaning.But more than that，I now regularly pare my view

6、s with those of many others.If I have a “new idea，” I now quickly look to see whether somebody else has already thought of it，or something similarand I then pare what I think with what others have thought.This certainly makes my own views clearer.Moreover，I can find out whether my reactions to an ev

7、ent are reasonable enough by reading about those of others on the Internet.,These effects of the Internet have bee even more striking since Ive begun using a smartphone.I now regularly pull out my phone to check a fact，watch a video，read weibo.Such activities fill the spaces that used to be dead tim

8、e (such as waiting for somebody to arrive for a lunch meeting). But thats the upside(好處).The downside is that in those dead periods I often would let my thoughts flow and sometimes would have an unexpected insight or idea.Those opportunities are now fewer and farther between.,考場思維模式 第一步：讀表格，填出較簡單的概括

9、性詞匯題 文章標題是“人類大腦的延伸”， 然后分為三個部分：假肢給我們帶來的好處，網(wǎng)絡(luò)的優(yōu)點，智能手機的優(yōu)點。其中第78題是概括詞匯類，78題根據(jù)其右表信息和文章的最后兩段可知既提到了智能手機的優(yōu)點也提到了其缺點，所以這是智能手機的正反兩方面內(nèi)容，所以使用形容詞“mixed/two”，故第78題填mixed/two。,第二步：定位、定詞、定性、定形 任務(wù)型閱讀表格高度概括了原文信息，為了節(jié)約時間并且提高解題的針對性，先讀表格內(nèi)容，然后在原文中進行定位。定位后進行定詞。定詞后要定性(如名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞)，最后定形(如單復(fù)數(shù)、非謂語形式、大小寫等)。,1.原文詞匯類 71.答案Intern

10、et 解析根據(jù)第一段第四句“Such systems do not need to operate face-to-face，and its clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems.”可知因特網(wǎng)可以拓寬社會義肢系統(tǒng)的范圍，也就是說網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以彌補我們精神和情感上的缺陷。,2.轉(zhuǎn)換詞匯類 72.答案participates/joins 解析根據(jù)第一段最后兩句“Its already a big bank of many minds.Even in its curr

11、ent state，the Internet has extended my memory and judgment.”可知動詞短語“participate/join in”符合句意。 73.答案keeping 解析根據(jù)第二段第一句“Once I look up something on the Internet，I dont need to keep all the details.”可知動詞短語“keep.in mind記住”，在表格中放在介詞without的后面，要使用動名詞keeping的形式。,74.答案all/different/various 解析根據(jù)第三段第一句“The Int

12、ernet has made me smarter in matters small and large.”可知原文中“matters small and large”就是“all/different/various”的事情。 75.答案heart/core 解析根據(jù)第三段第二句“.which helps me dig into the core and understand its meaning”可知網(wǎng)絡(luò)能讓我們找到事物的核心并理解其真正含義。故短語“the core/heart of the matter”和原文中“dig into the core”語義一致。,76.答案check 解

13、析根據(jù)第三段第四句“If I have a new idea， I now quickly look to see whether somebody else has already thought of it，or something similarand I then pare what I think with what others have thought.”可知當我們有了新的觀點以后，我們會上網(wǎng)檢查核對別人是否已經(jīng)有了同樣的觀點，并對自己的行動做出判斷。表格中check與原文語義一致。,79.答案convenient 解析根據(jù)第四段后兩句“I now regularly pull

14、out my phone to check a fact，watch a video，read weibo.Such activities fill the spaces that used to be dead time (such as waiting for somebody to arrive for a lunch meeting).”可知我們可以使用智能手機隨時查信息，看視頻，讀微博，使用起來非常方便。所以使用形容詞convenient。,80.答案reduce 解析根據(jù)文章最后兩句“The downside is that in those dead periods I ofte

15、n would let my thoughts flow and sometimes would have an unexpected insight or idea.Those opportunities are now fewer and farther between.”(在過去那些“dead periods”時，我總會有一些靈光一現(xiàn)的神來之念，但是現(xiàn)在這些時間都被智能手機占用了。這無疑就減少了這些神來之念的可能性。)可知表格中應(yīng)為“reduce the possibility”。,3.概括詞匯類 77.答案judge 解析根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Moreover，I can find ou

16、t whether my reactions to an event are reasonable enough by reading about those of others on the Internet.”(而且在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上閱讀其他人的信息，讓我判斷我的行為是否合理)，所以表格里使用動詞judge。 第三步：復(fù)查并將答案填在答題卡上 復(fù)查完確認沒有修改之后，將試卷上所寫答案填在答題卡規(guī)定區(qū)域，注意要認真書寫，不能潦草。,微技能突破,典型的任務(wù)型閱讀題目通常設(shè)置分為兩欄，左邊是文章提綱(passage outline)，右邊是支持性細節(jié)或者論據(jù)(supporting details)。概括詞

17、匯類要求能夠最大程度地覆蓋右欄信息，同時具有簡潔性。這就要求考生對全文或段落進行總體語篇把握，通過觀察表格的設(shè)置特點，從而歸納和概括出所考查的單詞。 概括詞匯要求考生能夠準確無誤地概括出文章的主題，能夠在概括的基礎(chǔ)上進行推斷、歸納、抽象并提煉出文章主旨或者重要信息，也就是要擁有在語篇結(jié)構(gòu)解讀基礎(chǔ)上的信息轉(zhuǎn)換能力?？疾榭忌鷮π畔⒌木C合加工和處理能力，其信息既體現(xiàn)在短文閱讀中，也體現(xiàn)在表格信息的比較與理解中。,具體的解題步驟如下： (1)一審表格結(jié)構(gòu)。注意文章內(nèi)容脈絡(luò)，標題和所需的表達類型。 (2)二審短文意義。注意文章的段落和表格的匹配性。 (3)三審語法運用。注意涉及到的構(gòu)詞法和語法項目。,隨

18、堂限時練,(2018泰州中學(xué)檢測) Your life is posed of all the little things we experience every day，and knowing how to find joy in some of those little things is one of the easiest ways to let happiness slowly fill your cup.In order for that to happen，you need to do two very simple things：put yourself in such sit

19、uations that you can experience happiness there，and then find a way to savour the experience and let it sink into you.,To put yourself in the position of experiencing happiness every day，Lahna Catalino，Ph.D，at the University of California，San Francisco，remends an approach called “prioritizing positi

20、vity”organizing your day-to-day life on purpose so that it contains situations which naturally give rise to positive emotions.It involves both carving out time in your daily routine to do things that you really love and heavily weighing the positive emotional consequences of major life decisions，lik

21、e taking a new job，and you will regularly find yourself.,Then how can we find a way to savour the happy experience and let it sink into you? Here is what psychologist Rick Hanson，the author of Buddhas Brain explains. Let a good fact bee a good experience. Often we go through life and some good thing

22、 happensa little thing，like we checked off an item on our To Do list，we survived another day at work，the flowers are blooming，and so forth.Hey，this is an opportunity to feel good.Dont leave the money lying on the table：recognize that this is an opportunity to let yourself truly feel good.,Really enj

23、oy this positive experience. Practice what any school teacher knows：if you want to help people learn something，make it as intense as possiblein this case，as felt in the body as possiblefor as long as possible. When sinking into this experience，sense your intention that this experience is sinking int

24、o you.,Sometimes people do this through visualization，like by sensing a golden light ing into themselves or a soothing balm inside themselves.You might imagine a jewel going into the treasure chest in your heartor just know that this experience is sinking into you，being a resource you can take with

25、you no matter where you go. It might seem a little cliche to say“stop and smell the roses”，but its moments like those that can be stored in your happiness bank and withdrawn later.Living a happy life can be as simple as accepting the happiness thats already around you.If you want more，its OK to go o

26、ut and achieve it，but dont forget where happiness really es from.,答案,語篇解讀,解析74,解析75,解析76,解析73,解析72,解析71,Happiness,How/Ways,where,priority,purposely/intentionally/,Spare/Squeeze,deliberately,語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了如何從小事中獲取快樂：第一是把自己放入能讓自己經(jīng)歷快樂的情景當中；第二是給經(jīng)歷加料，讓它和自己合二為一，得到融合。,71.解析原文詞匯題。根據(jù)文章首句中的“and knowing ho

27、w to find joy in some of those little things is one of the easiest ways to let happiness slowly fill your cup”可知，文章講述的是用一些小事帶來“快樂”。故填Happiness，因為是標題，注意首字母大寫。,72.解析概括詞匯題。根據(jù)第一段的“put yourself in such situations that you can experience happiness”和“find a way to savour the experience and let it sink into

28、 you”可知，這是帶來快樂的兩種“方式或途徑”。故填How/Ways，注意首字母大寫。,73.解析轉(zhuǎn)換詞匯題。分析句子成分可知，you experience happiness是定語從句用來修飾situations，指物作地點狀語，故用where來引導(dǎo)。故填where。,74.解析轉(zhuǎn)換詞匯題。根據(jù)原文的“prioritizing positivity”可知，是“優(yōu)先考慮”積極方面，注意這里要填名詞形式作give的賓語。故填priority。,75.解析轉(zhuǎn)換詞匯題。根據(jù)第二段的“organizing your day-to-day life on purpose”可知，是“故意地”讓自己每天的

29、生活充滿積極的情緒，修飾動詞organize要用副詞形式，故把on purpose轉(zhuǎn)換成purposely/intentionally/deliberately。,76.解析轉(zhuǎn)換詞匯題。根據(jù)第二段的“It involves both carving out time in your daily routine to do things that you really love and heavily weighing the positive emotional consequences of major life decisions”可知，是指“擠出”時間去做自己想做的事。 故填Spare/

30、Squeeze。,答案,解析77,解析78,chance/opportunity,aware/conscious,77.解析原文詞匯題。根據(jù)第五段的“this is an opportunity to feel good”可知，要填表示“機會”的詞。故填chance/opportunity。,78.解析轉(zhuǎn)換詞匯題。根據(jù)第八段的“When sinking into this experience，sense your intention that this experience is sinking into you.”可知，是指“意識到或感知”自己的意圖，故把動詞sense換成短語be awa

31、re/conscious of即可。故填aware/conscious。,答案,解析79,解析80,Conclusions,memorable/lasting/unforgettable/impressive,79.解析概括詞匯題。根據(jù)后面的內(nèi)容陳述可知，這里是做出的“總結(jié)”或得出的“結(jié)論”。故填Conclusions。,80.解析轉(zhuǎn)換詞匯題。根據(jù)最后一段的“It might seem a little cliche to say stop and smell the roses，but its moments like those that can be stored in your happiness bank and withdrawn later”可知，Happy moments like “stop and smell the roses”是“難忘的、持久的或給人印象深刻的”。故填memorable/lasting/unforgettable/impressive。,