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1、Unit 5衛(wèi)忠連Grammar FocusDirect Speech and Indirect Speech一字不改的將別人的話加以引用或復(fù)述出一字不改的將別人的話加以引用或復(fù)述出來，叫來，叫直接引語直接引語，直接引語須放在，直接引語須放在括號內(nèi)括號內(nèi)。eg.Mr Black said,“I like playing football”.（直接引語）She said,“I am an English teacher”.（括號內(nèi)是直接引語）用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫間接引語間接引語，間接引，間接引語語不必用引號不必用引號，而用賓語從句來表達(dá)。，而用賓語從句來表達(dá)。Eg

2、.Mr Black said that he liked playing football.(間接引語）She said that she was an English teacher.（賓語從句是間接引語）直接引語如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引直接引語如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，須語時(shí)，須由連詞由連詞that 來引導(dǎo)來引導(dǎo)（that 也可省也可省略），略），that 從句之前用從句之前用say,tell等動(dòng)詞。等動(dòng)詞。但要注意下列各種變化。但要注意下列各種變化。第一類：直接引語是陳述句第一類：直接引語是陳述句1.人稱的變化：人稱的變化：eg.He said,“I want to see you.

3、”He said that he wanted to see me.He said to me,“Ive left my book in your room.”He told me that he had left his book in my room.2.時(shí)態(tài)的變化：時(shí)態(tài)的變化：主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞如果是過去時(shí)態(tài)，直接引語中的謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞如果是過去時(shí)態(tài)，直接引語中的謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)須有下列變化：須有下列變化：一般一般現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí) 一般一般過去過去時(shí)時(shí) 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去過去進(jìn)行時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)完成時(shí) 過去過去完成時(shí)完成時(shí) 一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí) 過去過去完成時(shí)完成

4、時(shí) 過去完成時(shí)不變過去完成時(shí)不變 一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí) 過去將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變一般過去時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變一般過去時(shí)：直接引語 間接引語eg.He said,“I am busy.”He said that he was busy.他說：“我很忙”。他說他很忙。He said,“I cant do it myself.”He said that he couldnt do it himself.他說：“我自己不能做”。他說他自己不能做。直接引語如果是客觀真理，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)則不變 eg.He said,“Light travels much faster than sound.”He sai

5、d that light travels much faster than sound.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：eg.He said,“Im reading the book.”他說：“我正在讀這本書?！盚e said that he was reading the book.他說他正在讀那本書。She said,“Were having a meeting.”她說：“我們正在開會(huì)。”She said they were having a meeting.她說她們正在開會(huì)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變過去完成時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變過去完成時(shí)：eg.She said,“I have not heard from hi

6、m since May.她說：她說：“從五月份起就沒有接到他的任何休從五月份起就沒有接到他的任何休息。息?！盨he said that she had not heard from him since May.她說自五月份起就沒有接到過他的任何休息。她說自五月份起就沒有接到過他的任何休息。一般過去時(shí)變過去完成時(shí)：一般過去時(shí)變過去完成時(shí)：eg.He said,“I came to help you.”他說：他說：“我曾到這里來幫過你的。我曾到這里來幫過你的。”He said that he had come to help me.他說他曾經(jīng)來幫過我。他說他曾經(jīng)來幫過我。She said to m

7、e,“I saw the film.”她對我說：她對我說：“我看過這個(gè)影片我看過這個(gè)影片.”She told me that she had seen the film.她告訴我她看過這個(gè)影片。她告訴我她看過這個(gè)影片。過去完成時(shí)不變過去完成時(shí)不變 eg.He said,“I had finished my homework before supper.”他說：他說：“晚飯前我就把作業(yè)完成了。晚飯前我就把作業(yè)完成了。”He said that he had finished his homework before supper.他說他晚飯前就已經(jīng)把作業(yè)完成了。他說他晚飯前就已經(jīng)把作業(yè)完成了。.一

8、般將來時(shí)變過去將來時(shí)：一般將來時(shí)變過去將來時(shí)：eg.She said,“Ill do it after class.”她說：她說：“我將在課后來做。我將在課后來做。”She said that she would do it after class.她說她將在課后做。她說她將在課后做。He said,“I will help her.”He said he would help her.3.指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語的變化 1.this that 2.these those 3.now then 4.today that day 5.yesterday the day before 6.to

9、morrow the next(following)day 7.here there e go 9.This week(month,year)that week(month,year)10.next week(month,year)the next week(month,year)11.three days(weeks,months,years,hours,)ago three days(weeks,months,years,hours,)before 12.last week(month,year)the week(month,year)before 1.She said,“I will c

10、ome this morning.”She said that she would go that morning.2.He said,“These books are mine.”He said that those books were his.3.He said,“It is nine oclock now.”He said that it was nine oclock then.4.He said,“I havent seen her today.”He said that he hadnt seen her that day.5.She said,“I went there yes

11、terday.”She said that she had gone there the day before.6.She said,“Ill go there tomorrow.”She said that she would go there the next(following)day.7.He said,“My sister was here three days ago.”He said that his sister had been there three days before.8.She said,“I will come here this evening.”She sai

12、d that she would go there that evening.第二類直接引語是祈使句 直接引語如果是祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，須將動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閯?dòng)詞不定式，并在動(dòng)詞不定式之前用 tell,ask,order,command 等及物動(dòng)詞加賓語。如果祈使句是否定式，在不定式前加not.eg.She said to us,“Please sit down.”她對我們說：“請坐”。She told us to sit down.她請我們坐下。He said,“Dont make so much noise,boys.”他說：“孩子們，不要弄這么大的聲響?！盚e asked the boys

13、 not to make so much noise.他讓孩子們不要弄那么大的聲響。第三類直接引語是疑問句 直接引語如果是疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，須將疑問句的語序改為陳述句的語序，句末用句號。直接引語是一般疑問句 變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，須由whether 或if來引導(dǎo)。主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是said 時(shí)，要改為asked。eg.He said,“Are you interested in English?”He asked(me)if whether I was interested in English.He said,“Did you see him last night?”He asked(m)w

14、hether I had seen him the night before.直接引語是特殊疑問句 變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，須由疑問詞引導(dǎo)，并將疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)改為陳述句結(jié)構(gòu)，句末用句號。eg.“What do you want?”he asked me.He asked me what I wanted.He asked me,“Why did you come so late?”He asked me why I had gone so late.1.He said that he was glad to receive my email.2.He asked me whether I was goin

15、g home this weekend.3.She asked how I liked the food there.4.She told me not to ride in the street.5.The police ordered the young man to stand where he was.6.She asked whether I was from the south of China.7.Mom told me not to tell a lie.8.Susan told me that they had visited the Red Star Farm the we

16、ek before.9.Mr Paul told us that light travels faster than sound.10.The manager asked him to go and post the letters.P451.Bill asked if Joe would give it to Father.2.Bill said that if Joe give it to Father,he would have to run away from home again.3.Joe said that he had never done such a thing befor

17、e.4.Bill asked Joe to tell the master he was sorry.5.She said that she would finish her work the next day.6.My father said that she had worked there twenty years before.7.His father told him not to leave the door open.8.He asked me why I had done it.Reading 1.stay away from 脫離，缺席 eg.That day,three o

18、f us stayed away from the meeting.2.stay away from school 逃課 eg.He always stays away from school,which makes his patents upset.promise sb.承諾，答應(yīng)某人 promise to do sth.promise sb.(not)to do sth.eg.I promise you not to say that.He promised to attend the meeting,but he didt appear.I promised to meet you a

19、t five oclock.3.wil have to 不得不，不能不 eg.If you can not pick me up,I will have to stay at the airport.4.tell a lie tell lies 說謊 eg.The boy promised his father not to tell a lie any more.5.threaten sb.threaten(not)to do sth.threaten sb.(not)to do sth.eg.His father threatened to beat the boy if he stole

20、 again.6.keep silent 保持沉默 eg.When we returned to the classroom,the teacher asked us to keep silent.7.take out of.從拿出 eg.The young man took the key out of his pocket and opened the door.8.throwaway 把扔掉 eg.What did you throw away?Why did you throw such good fruits away?9.Whats the matter?eg.Hi!John,yo

21、u look down.Whats the matter?10.trust sb.信任某人 eg.You cant trust me.She cant take care of your baby.11.tell the truth 說實(shí)話，說實(shí)在的 eg.To tell the truth,I dont agree with you.12.not any more.不再，再也不.eg.I will not go shopping with you any more.I dont want to talk with you any more.13.take on 擔(dān)心，不安，激動(dòng) eg.Don

22、t take on so!別太當(dāng)回事。14.lie down 躺下 eg.please lie down for a e to oneself 蘇醒過來 eg.When he came to himself,he found everything was gone.P44 1.Bill threatened and pleaded in this way in order to persuade Joe not to give the note to father.2.Bill didnt want the master to know what had happened.3.Bill mad

23、e up his mind not to stay away from school any more and he would study hard from then on.speaking Situation 1:-Hi,Peter,what happened?You promised to return my money the next day.But one week has passed.-Oh!I forget.Now,here is the money.Im very sorry.It wont happen again.Situation 2-Tom,Im feeling

24、very sad about what you did.You shouldnt have had my bike broken.Whats worse,you returned it to me as it was.-Oh,it was careless of me to do such a thing.I would have had it repaired,but I was just about to do it when my cousin came to see me.And I had to go to visit my grandpa with him.-Oh,that is

25、how it is.-After all,its my fault.I should have explained it to you.I am sorry.-Never mind,it doesnt matter.writing Hi!Liu Tao,I am sorry to hear about your problem and thank you for your trust.You know,we all like you,because you are honest and easy-going.It is always easier to make friends than to

26、 keep them.You are feeling upset about your friends misunderstanding you.In my opinion,you should have a frank talk with your friends.Tell them you are their best friend and you have never done such things.If they are your true friends,they will trust you.While if they dont,it doesnt matter.After al

27、l,you have done your best.Let them alone.I hope my advice is helpful and I wish you happy.Good luck!Yours truly,Li Hua Dear Mr Smith,I have to apologize to you now for my absence from the appointment this Friday afternoon.The manager has asked me to go to Beijing on business and I wont return until next Monday.So I am afraid that we can not meet each other this Friday afternoon.And if it is convenient for you to make another date,please keep me informed of it as soon as possible.Ill be looking forward to your early reply.Yours sincerely,Li HuaNvenient for