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1、一、表語一、表語 系動(dòng)詞是表示人或事物狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)的動(dòng)系動(dòng)詞是表示人或事物狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)的動(dòng)詞詞,如如:be,get,sound,look,seem,feel等。系等。系動(dòng)詞后動(dòng)詞后 面的部分叫表語。作表語的典型詞面的部分叫表語。作表語的典型詞類是形容詞類是形容詞,也可以名詞、數(shù)詞、極少數(shù)副也可以名詞、數(shù)詞、極少數(shù)副詞詞(如如here,there)、介詞短語、不定式、分、介詞短語、不定式、分詞、表語從句等。系動(dòng)詞與表語共同構(gòu)成詞、表語從句等。系動(dòng)詞與表語共同構(gòu)成謂語謂語,說明主語的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)等。說明主語的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)等。練習(xí)：練習(xí)：請(qǐng)找出下列句子的表語并指出表語是請(qǐng)找出下列句子的表語并指出表語是由什么

2、來充當(dāng)?shù)挠墒裁磥沓洚?dāng)?shù)?名詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、介詞名詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、介詞,不定式不定式,分詞分詞,還是表語從句還是表語從句)。1.My wallet is on the desk.(_)2.The book isnt mine.(_)mine,名詞。名詞。on the desk,介詞短語。介詞短語。3.The leaves turn yellow in fall.(_)4.He has become a police officer.(_)a police officer,名詞。名詞。yellow,形容詞。形容詞。5.My suggestion is that we should start

3、at once.(_)6.My suggestion is to leave at once.(_)to leave at once,不定式短語不定式短語。that we should start at once.表語從句表語從句。7.His speech was boring.(_)8.The whole class got excited at the good news.(_)excited,過去分詞。過去分詞。boring,現(xiàn)在分詞。現(xiàn)在分詞。二、定語二、定語 定語用來修飾名詞或代詞定語用來修飾名詞或代詞,起限定作起限定作用。作定語的典型詞類是形容詞和形容用。作定語的典型詞類是形容詞和

4、形容詞性物主代詞詞性物主代詞,也可以是數(shù)詞、名詞、介也可以是數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語、分詞、定語從句等。定語一般詞短語、分詞、定語從句等。定語一般位于被修飾詞之前，但若修飾復(fù)合不定位于被修飾詞之前，但若修飾復(fù)合不定代詞代詞(如如something)時(shí)時(shí),或者是短語或定語或者是短語或定語從句作定語從句作定語,則總是放在所修飾名詞的后則總是放在所修飾名詞的后邊。邊。練習(xí)：練習(xí)：請(qǐng)找出下列句子的定語并指出定請(qǐng)找出下列句子的定語并指出定語是由什么充當(dāng)語是由什么充當(dāng)(形容詞、形容詞性代詞、形容詞、形容詞性代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語、分詞還是定語數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語、分詞還是定語從句從句)1.The beau

5、tiful sight attracts many tourists every year.(_)beautiful,形容詞形容詞;many,數(shù)詞。數(shù)詞。2.The wallet on the desk is mine.(_)3.The demanding boss wasnt satisfied with my work.(_)demanding,現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞;my,形容詞性代詞形容詞性代詞。on the desk,介詞短語介詞短語。4.That building being repaired is our library.(_)5.He is one of the students t

6、hat have been late.(_)being repaired,現(xiàn)在分詞短語現(xiàn)在分詞短語;our,形形容詞性代詞容詞性代詞。one,數(shù)詞數(shù)詞;that have been late,定語從句定語從句6.The excited boys burst into cheers.(_)7.A woman police officer was praised for her good work.(_)woman,名詞名詞;good,形容詞。形容詞。excited,過去分詞。過去分詞。三、狀語三、狀語 狀語用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副狀語用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞詞,或整個(gè)句子。一般表示行為發(fā)生的或

7、整個(gè)句子。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式、程度等時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式、程度等,作作狀語的典型詞類是副詞狀語的典型詞類是副詞,也可以是介詞也可以是介詞短語、不定式、分詞、狀語從句等。短語、不定式、分詞、狀語從句等。練習(xí)：練習(xí)：請(qǐng)找出下列句子的狀語并指出狀請(qǐng)找出下列句子的狀語并指出狀語是由什么充當(dāng)語是由什么充當(dāng)(副詞、介詞短語、不定副詞、介詞短語、不定式、分詞、狀語從句式、分詞、狀語從句)。1.He did his homework carefully at home.(_)carefully,副詞副詞;at home,介詞詞組。介詞詞組。to do some shopping不定式作

8、目的狀不定式作目的狀語語;on Sunday介詞短語表時(shí)間。介詞短語表時(shí)間。2.Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.(_)3.When I grow up,I am going to be a teacher.(_)4.Feeling tired,he went to bed without supper.(_)Feeling tired,現(xiàn)在分詞短語表原因現(xiàn)在分詞短語表原因;without supper,介詞短語表方式。介詞短語表方式。When I grow up,時(shí)間狀語從句。時(shí)間狀語從句。5.He lost his job

9、due to his lack of patience.(_)6.Brought up in the country,he finds it hard to adjust himself to city life.(_)Brought up in the country,過去分詞短過去分詞短語表原因語表原因。due to his lack of patience介詞短語表介詞短語表原因。原因。四、補(bǔ)足語四、補(bǔ)足語 補(bǔ)充說明主語的稱為主語補(bǔ)足語補(bǔ)充說明主語的稱為主語補(bǔ)足語;補(bǔ)充說明賓語的稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。作補(bǔ)補(bǔ)充說明賓語的稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。作補(bǔ)足語的典型詞類是形容詞足語的典型詞類是形容詞,也可以是名

10、也可以是名詞、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞詞、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞等。和過去分詞等。練習(xí)：練習(xí)：請(qǐng)找出下列句子的賓語補(bǔ)足語并指出請(qǐng)找出下列句子的賓語補(bǔ)足語并指出它是由什么充當(dāng)?shù)乃怯墒裁闯洚?dāng)?shù)?名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞動(dòng)詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)。1.They elected John monitor.(_)2.He treated his mistake as a joke.(_)as a joke,介詞詞組。介詞詞組。monitor名詞名詞3.We heard her singing a song.(_)4.H

11、e told me to make my own decision.(_)to make my own decision,動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式 singing a song,現(xiàn)在分詞短語?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語。5.I think it wrong of him to decline my offer.(_)6.He watched an insect caught by a bird.(_)caught by a bird,過去分詞短語。過去分詞短語。wrong,形容詞。形容詞。如果把主動(dòng)語態(tài)改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)如果把主動(dòng)語態(tài)改成被動(dòng)語態(tài),賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語就成了主語補(bǔ)足語。例如：補(bǔ)足語就成了主語補(bǔ)足語。例如：He was acknowledged to be the best player.他被公認(rèn)為是最佳選手。他被公認(rèn)為是最佳選手。(不定式作主語不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語補(bǔ)足語)