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1、鄭州市2014高考英語(yǔ)一輪（暑假） 閱讀理解訓(xùn)練（1）及答案 高考閱讀理解題考題種種 閱讀理解是考查考生語(yǔ)言知識(shí)綜合運(yùn)用能力的試題。它要求考生既能掌握閱讀材料的主旨大意，又能掌握說明主旨大意的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)；既能理解具體事實(shí)，又能理解抽象概念；既能理解字面意思，又能理解深層含義；既能理解單個(gè)句段意義，又能理解通篇邏輯關(guān)系。要達(dá)到這樣的要求我們有必要研究一下閱讀題的題型結(jié)構(gòu)，縱觀近幾年高考閱讀題，我們可以把閱讀題型分為兩大類：主觀題和客觀題。主觀題包括：詞義判斷題、主旨大意題、邏輯推理題、標(biāo)題判斷題、作者意圖判斷題； 客觀題是指細(xì)節(jié)信息判斷題。 （）詞義判斷題是檢查考生對(duì)生詞的理解判斷能力，在確定詞匯

2、的內(nèi)涵時(shí)候我們可借助上下文判斷與確定語(yǔ)意最接近的詞匯或句型，根據(jù)語(yǔ)意的遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比等特定語(yǔ)境確定應(yīng)選的詞匯；可借助過度詞根據(jù)前后的句意反差，確定有關(guān)詞匯或句型，還可以根據(jù)語(yǔ)段之間的邏輯關(guān)系，確定有關(guān)詞匯。以2004年高考題天津卷為例，第70小題是一道詞義判斷題，需要考生根據(jù)上下文對(duì)詞義加以判斷，考生需要閱讀collisions前后的語(yǔ)句，即：“Researchers are worried about the increasing pressure on pilots and ground controllers. And increasing collisions, occurring

3、at or near an airport, have called attention to the need for more aids to aviation control.”可以得知，航班的大量增加給飛行員及地勤人員造成很大壓力，這就自然導(dǎo)致機(jī)場(chǎng)及周邊地區(qū)不斷增長(zhǎng)的飛行事故。本題答案A項(xiàng)是最貼切的。又如：第62小題考查詞義判斷題。原文第五節(jié)中，年輕有為的Schipper回憶起，她五年前和Gould相見時(shí)的情況時(shí)說，“Shane had come along to talk to us and watch us train. It seemed as if we had long be

4、en good friends. I dont know why. We just started talking and it went from there.”那時(shí)，她們互相交談，Shane還看她們訓(xùn)練，好像她們已是多年的老朋友似的。Schipper解釋她都不清楚為什么她們從交談中產(chǎn)生了解和友情。故it 意為the friendship最貼切。*結(jié)束閱讀理解猜測(cè)詞義 Passage * With fifteen years Britain and other nations should be well on with the building of huge industrial com

5、plexes of the recy cling of waste. The word rubbishcould lose its meaning be- cause everything which goes into the dumps would be made into something useful. Even the most dangerous and unpleasant wastes would provide energy if nothing else. The latest project is to take a city of around half a mill

6、ion citizens and discover exactly what raw materials go into it and what go Out. The aim is to find out how much of these raw ma terials could be provided if a plant for recycling waste were built just outside the city. This plant would recycle not only metal such as steel, lead and copper, but also

7、 paper and rubber as well. Another new-project is being set up to discover the best way of sorting and separating the rubbish. When this project is complete, the rubbish will be processed like this: First, it will Pass through sharp metal bars which will tear open the plastic bags in which rubbish i

8、s usually packed; then it will pass through a powerful fan to separate the lightest elements from the heavy solids; after that founders and rollers will break up everything that can be broken. Finally. the rubbish will pass under magnets (磁鐵), which will remove the bits of iron and steel; the rubber

9、 and plastic will then be sorted out in the final stage.The first full-size giant recycling plants are perhaps fifteen years away. Indeed, with the growing cost of transporting rubbish to more distant dumps, some big cities will be forced to build their own recycling plants before long. 1. The under

10、lined part should be well on with(Para. 1 ) most probably means_. A. complete B. get ready to start C. achieve a great deal in D. put an end to 答案：C 指導(dǎo)：由下文介紹的關(guān)于回收利用廢品的情況可以推斷出來：be well on with sth.的意思是：achieve a greatdeal in sth在某方面有很大成就。2. What is not mentioned as a part of the recycling process des

11、cribed in Paragraph 3? A. Breaking up whatever is breakable. B. Sharpening metal bars. C. Separating light elements from the heavy ones. D. Sorting out small pieces of metal. 答案：B 指導(dǎo)：原文中的信息是：First，訌willpassthroughsharp metal bars which will tear open the plastic bags而B項(xiàng)提供的信息卻是“將鐵條弄尖”。3. Whats the ma

12、in reason for big cities to build their own recy cling plants? A. To deal with wastes in a better way. B. To protect the environment from pollution. C. To get raw materials locally. D. To make much money from those plants. 答案：C指導(dǎo)：從最后一段WiththegrowingCOStoftransporting rubbish tomore distant dumps(隨著把

13、垃圾運(yùn)到遙遠(yuǎn)的垃圾場(chǎng)的費(fèi)用增加)”可以推斷出，在大城市當(dāng)?shù)靥幚砝梢怨?jié)省運(yùn)費(fèi)。4. The passage is mainly about _ A. a cheap way to get energy B. the place of recycling plants C. new ways of recycling wastes D. the probability of city environment答案：B 指導(dǎo)：結(jié)合全文和第二段可以作出判斷。*結(jié)束 閱讀理解猜測(cè)詞義Passage * It is difficult for doctors to help a person with

14、a hurt brain. Without enough blood, the brain lives only three to five minutes. Sometimes the hurt brain gets better by itself. More often the doctors cant fix the hurt. Sometimes they are afraid to try something to help. It is dangerous to work on the brain. The doctor might make the person worse i

15、f he works on the brain. Dr Robert J. White, a famous professor and doctor, thinks he knows a way to help. He thinks doctors should try to make the brain very cold. If it is very cold, the brain can live without blood for 30 minutes. This gives the doctors a longer time to do something for the brain

16、. Dr White tried his idea on 13 monkeys. First he taught them to do different jobs. Then he operated on them. He made the monkeys blood go through a machine. The machine cooled the blood. Then the machine sent the blood back to the monkeys brains. When the brain temperature was 50 degrees, Dr White

17、stopped the blood to the brain. After 30 minutes he turned the blood back He warmed the blood again. After their operations, the monkeys were like they were before. They were healthy and busy. Each one could still do the jobs the doctor had taught them.Dr Whites idea works well on the monkeys. Are t

18、here other problems with human beings? Dr White thinks doctors will use his idea on human beings. He thinks it will help people who have heart problems, too. A person doesnt have to die when his heart stops. Doctors can start it again. The problems come when the brain is without blood for three to f

19、ive minutes, the person has a living body, but a dead brain. Maybe in the future, doctors will try Dr White.s ide When the persons heart stops, the doctors will quickly trY to cool the brain. They will have 30 minutes to start the heart again. Maybe there will be no problem with the brain. 1. People

20、 probably die when_. A. their brain dies B. their heart stops C. they stop breathingD. their brain becomes very hot 答案：A 指導(dǎo)：推理判斷題。由短文最后一段可知，心臟停止跳動(dòng)，醫(yī)生還能讓它重新跳動(dòng)，但是大腦死了，空有活的身體也是沒用的。從而得出答案A.2. Dr White thinks his idea about cooling the brain will work because_. A. he has tried it on people B. he has trie

21、d it on monkeys C. he has tried it on heart problems D. he has tried it on himself 答案：B 指導(dǎo)：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由短文的第四段可知，Dr White冷卻大腦的方法在猴子身上做了實(shí)驗(yàn)，并達(dá)到了預(yù)期的目的。3. Which of the following is NOT true? A. Doctors may start the heart again in 30 minutes one day. B. Doctors can start the heart again after 30 minutes. C. T

22、he brain cant live without blood. D. The method works on monkeys. 答案：B 指導(dǎo)：細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。由整篇短文可知，Dr White的實(shí)驗(yàn)最多能給醫(yī)生提供30分鐘的時(shí)間，否則就準(zhǔn)以讓心臟重新跳動(dòng)。4. According to the writer,_. A. it is not difficult to repair the brain damage B. doctors working on a hurt brain may make things worse C. brain is not an important part i

23、n ones body D. brain doesnt need blood 答案：B 指導(dǎo)：推理判斷題。由第一段最后兩句可以推知在大腦上出差錯(cuò)比在其他部分出差錯(cuò)都要糟糕。*結(jié)束閱讀理解推理判斷Passage * (典型例題)Giving Back Fair Way The Westborough High School golf team had taken the of- ficial photos with the state prize. The other teams, disappoint- ed, were on the bus heading home. And then We

24、stborough in- structor Greg Rota noticed something wrong on one of the score cards. A 9 had been recorded as a 7. They were not the state prize winner; Woburn High had won. No one would have known, said Woburns instructor, Bob Doraru For Rota, it wasnt a difficult decision. The prize wasnt ours to t

25、ake. Coin StarsCollege students are lazy, but they also want to help says University of Pennsylvania graduate Dana Hork. So she made it easy, placing cups in rooms where students could leave their spare coins, and handing out cups to first-year students to keep in their rooms. Her Change for Change

26、effort has collected $ 40,000 for charities (慈善機(jī)構(gòu)) , which were decided upon by students. Never Forgotten A school in Massachusetts received a $ 9. 5 million check from Jacques LeBermuth But it took officials several days of digging to discover his connection to the school Records showed the LeBermu

27、th came from Belgium and studied in the school in the 1920s. When his family fell on hard times, he was offered free room and board. LeBermuth became a trader, owned shares of AT&T and lived off the earnings until he died, at age 89. 1. What did Greg Rota probably do in the end? A. Took photos of Do

28、ran. B. Had a meeting with Doran. C. Returned the prize to the organizer. D. Apologized to Woburn High Schook 答案: C 指導(dǎo)：考查根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容進(jìn)行推理判斷的能力。獲獎(jiǎng)隊(duì) 的教練自己發(fā)現(xiàn)了錯(cuò)誤，而且決定這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)不能拿，那么接下來推斷肯定是要把獎(jiǎng)送回去。2. Greg Rotas decision shows that he was _. A. honest B. polite C. careful D. friendly 答案: A 指導(dǎo)：考查根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容進(jìn)行推理判斷的能力。從Greg

29、Rota自己發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤到?jīng)Q定把獎(jiǎng)送回，表明他性格中的誠(chéng)實(shí)。因此答案為honest3. The underlined word Change in the second paragraph means_. A. Idea B. Decision C. Cups D. Coins 答案: D 指導(dǎo)：考查猜測(cè)詞義的能力。Change for Change中的第一個(gè)change指的是“零錢”，第二個(gè)change是表示“變化”。兩個(gè)change在一起肯定意思不同，關(guān)鍵在于首先應(yīng)該明白change的不同含義，再根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容進(jìn)行判斷。因?yàn)槟技牧沐X都捐給了慈善機(jī)構(gòu)，改變了其他一些人的生活。所以介詞for后面的

30、change應(yīng)該是目的表“變化”，那么第一個(gè)就是“零錢”。4. What did the school officials do after receiving the check from Mr. LeBermuth? A They tried to find out why he gave them the money. B. They went to Belgium to pay their respects to him. C. They dug out the records that were buried underground. D. They decided to offer

31、 their students free room and board. 答案: A 指導(dǎo)：考查對(duì)文章事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)的理解，依據(jù)是第三段文字的第二句話。 5. Jacques LBermuth gave the money to the school because_. A. the school asked for it B. he had no need for that much money C. the school had helped him in the past D. he wanted to be remembered by the students 答案: C 指導(dǎo)：考查根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容進(jìn)行推理判斷的能力。學(xué)校在Jacques LeB-ermuth困難的時(shí)候幫助過他，所以他寄來950萬(wàn)美元的支票回報(bào)學(xué)校。*結(jié)束