普通沖床送料裝置的自動(dòng)化改造含3張CAD圖,普通,沖床,裝置,自動(dòng)化,改造,cad 普通沖床送料裝置的自動(dòng)化改造 摘 要 沖壓形成的沖壓件具有重量輕、厚度薄、剛性好和質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，沖壓設(shè)備被廣泛使用。本文在總結(jié)了普通沖床的送料裝置系統(tǒng)和電源數(shù)字化的研究的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)沖床的送料裝置進(jìn)行了自動(dòng)化的改造，并對(duì)該設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程進(jìn)行了論述。 本設(shè)計(jì)主要包括自動(dòng)送料裝置的設(shè)計(jì)及其控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)。控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)主要是利用單片機(jī)AT89C52通過(guò)程序控制X-Y方向的兩個(gè)步進(jìn)電機(jī)來(lái)帶動(dòng)滾珠絲杠機(jī)構(gòu)和工作臺(tái)的協(xié)調(diào)工作，從而達(dá)到自動(dòng)送料的目的，并借助于鍵盤(pán)和液晶顯示來(lái)完成運(yùn)動(dòng)的啟動(dòng)、停止和速度的選擇等控制操作。步進(jìn)電機(jī)是將電脈沖信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榻俏灰苹蚓€位移的開(kāi)環(huán)控制元件，在非超載的情況下，電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速、停止的位置只取決于脈沖信號(hào)的頻率和脈沖數(shù)，而不受負(fù)載變化的影響，即給電機(jī)加一個(gè)脈沖信號(hào)，電機(jī)則轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)一個(gè)步矩角。這一線性關(guān)系的存在，加上步進(jìn)電機(jī)只有周期性的誤差而無(wú)累積誤差等特點(diǎn)，使得在速度、位置等控制領(lǐng)域用步進(jìn)電機(jī)來(lái)控制變得非常簡(jiǎn)單。自動(dòng)送料裝置的設(shè)計(jì)主要是：導(dǎo)軌的設(shè)計(jì)、選擇與驗(yàn)算，滾珠絲杠的設(shè)計(jì)、選擇與驗(yàn)算，電機(jī)的選擇和驗(yàn)算。X-Y工作臺(tái)，通常由導(dǎo)軌座、移動(dòng)滑塊、工作臺(tái)、滾珠絲杠螺母副以及步進(jìn)電機(jī)等部件構(gòu)成。其中步進(jìn)電機(jī)做執(zhí)行元件用來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng)滾珠絲杠，滾珠絲杠螺母帶動(dòng)滑塊和工作臺(tái)在導(dǎo)軌上運(yùn)動(dòng)，完成工作臺(tái)在X、Y方向的直線移動(dòng)。導(dǎo)軌副、滾珠絲杠螺母副和步進(jìn)電機(jī)等均已標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，由專(zhuān)門(mén)廠家生產(chǎn)，設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)只需根據(jù)工作載荷選取即可。通過(guò)該設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)完成系統(tǒng)的機(jī)械傳動(dòng)以及工作套在X-Y方向的移動(dòng)，而自動(dòng)送料裝置的設(shè)計(jì)與該控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)的相互結(jié)合，就完成了普通沖床的自動(dòng)送料裝置的自動(dòng)化改造。 關(guān)鍵詞：?jiǎn)纹瑱C(jī)控制 自動(dòng)送料裝置 沖床改造 X-Y工作臺(tái) Abstract Stamping parts stamping formation has the advantages of light weight, thin, good rigidity and stable quality stamping equipment is widely used. On the basis of summed up the general press feeding equipment and systems for power digital punch feeders automated transformation of the design process are discussed in the article. Control system design is the use of SCM AT89C52 through the program control XY direction two stepper motor driven ball screw agencies and the table coordination, so as to achieve the purpose of automatic feeding, and by means of keyboard and LCD to complete the start movement , stop and speed of the chose and other control operations.The stepper motor is the electrical pulses into angular displacement or linear displacement of the open-loop control components in the case of non-overload, the motor speed, the stop position depends only on the frequency and number of pulses of the pulse signal,without the impact of load changes ,a pulse signal to the motor plus ,the motor is turned one step angle.The existence of this linear relationship, And the stepper motor are only have periodic error without accumulated error characteristics, making in the speed , position etc control field use the stepper motor is becoming very simple.Automatic feeding device design is:rail design,selecting and checking;design, choice and checking of the ball screw; selection and checking of the motor.X-Y table:usually constitute by the rail seat, move the slider, table, the ball screw nut and the stepper motor and other components.The stepper motor as the actuator used to drive the ball screw, ball screw driven the movement of the slider and the table on the rail, to complete the linear movement of the table in the X, Y directions.The guideway, ball screw nut and stepper motors have been standardized.Production by specialized manufacturers,you can only need to according to select by the working load when in the design.Through the design to complete the system of mechanical transmission, as well as table moves in the XY direction,the design of the automatic feeding device and the control system design combined with each other to complete the automated transformation of the automatic feeding device in the general press. Keywords:MCU control；Automatic feeding device； Punch transformation； X-Y table 第一章 緒論 1 1.1問(wèn)題提出的背景、目的和意義 1 1.2自動(dòng)送料技術(shù)國(guó)內(nèi)發(fā)展概況及發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 1 第二章 系統(tǒng)的總體設(shè)計(jì) 2 2.1系統(tǒng)的組成 2 2.2方案的確定 2 2.2.1專(zhuān)用數(shù)控系統(tǒng) 2 2.2.2繼電接觸器控制 2 2.2.3PLC控制方式 3 2.2.4單片機(jī)控制 3 第三章 機(jī)械部分設(shè)計(jì) 3 3.1 確定系統(tǒng)脈沖當(dāng)量 4 3.2 工作臺(tái)外形尺寸及重量初步計(jì)算 4 3.3 滾動(dòng)導(dǎo)軌副的計(jì)算、選擇 5 3.3.1導(dǎo)軌的組成種類(lèi)及應(yīng)滿(mǎn)足的要求 5 3.3.2導(dǎo)軌材料的選擇與熱處理 6 3.3.3滾動(dòng)導(dǎo)軌副的計(jì)算、選型 7 3.4滾珠絲杠計(jì)算、選擇 9 3.4.1 絲杠的介紹 10 3.4.2滾珠絲杠副的計(jì)算 13 3.5步進(jìn)電機(jī)的計(jì)算選擇 18 3.5.1 步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)器的原理與參數(shù)的設(shè)定 18 3.5.2步進(jìn)電機(jī)啟動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩的計(jì)算[8] 21 3.5.3 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的控制方式 22 第四章 硬件系統(tǒng)的詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì) 24 4.1 驅(qū)動(dòng)器的連接與參數(shù)的設(shè)定 24 4.2 AT89C52單片機(jī)的工作原理 25 4.2.1 AT89C52單片機(jī)概述 25 4.2.2引腳說(shuō)明 26 4.2.3 時(shí)鐘電路 28 4.2.4 復(fù)位電路 29 4.2.5步進(jìn)電機(jī)的驅(qū)動(dòng)電路設(shè)計(jì)[16] 29 4.3顯示電路及控制按鍵的設(shè)計(jì) 30 4.3.1 顯示電路 30 4.3.2 鍵盤(pán)模塊的設(shè)計(jì) 32 4.3 單片機(jī)軟件設(shè)計(jì) 33 4.3.1系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)的基本原則 34 4.3.2主程序的設(shè)計(jì) 34 4.3.3顯示子程序的設(shè)計(jì) 36 4.3.3.2 LCD1602液晶顯示流程 37 4.3.4鍵盤(pán)子程序的設(shè)計(jì) 37 4.3.6調(diào)速程序流程圖 39 系統(tǒng)原理圖 41 結(jié)論 41 參考文獻(xiàn) 43 附 錄I 程序 43