熱流道溫度控制器研究與設(shè)計(jì)含程序及電路圖,熱流,溫度,控制器,研究,鉆研,設(shè)計(jì),程序,電路圖 摘 要 本文簡要介紹了熱流道的概率和熱流道溫度控制的重要性。詳細(xì)闡述了熱流道溫度控制器硬件、軟件的組成和溫度控制算法的設(shè)計(jì)，并對PID控制算法進(jìn)行了分析和設(shè)計(jì)。文中詳細(xì)介紹了控制系統(tǒng)總體方案的設(shè)計(jì)，確定了控制軟件、硬件的各個組成部分。在硬件部分，根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)的控制要求和程序量，本系統(tǒng)選擇了性價比高的AT89C52單片機(jī)作為系統(tǒng)的主控單片機(jī)。其中，溫度信號輸入采用了鉑電阻Pt100和A/D轉(zhuǎn)換，控制信號采用了過零光電耦合器和雙向可控硅來完成對熱流道溫度的控制。 本系統(tǒng)軟件部分主要由溫度信號采集模塊、溫度顯示模塊、控制算法模塊和控制信號輸出模塊組成。本系統(tǒng)的控制思想是單片機(jī)根據(jù)采集到的溫度和設(shè)定的溫度進(jìn)行比較，然后得到溫度誤差，再根據(jù)得到的溫度誤差進(jìn)行PID應(yīng)算，最后輸出控制模塊根據(jù)PID應(yīng)算的結(jié)果做出相應(yīng)的變化，而這些變化通過過零光電耦合器和雙向可控硅來完成對溫度控制。本系統(tǒng)軟件最主要的部分就是PID控制算法的設(shè)計(jì)和輸出控制算法的設(shè)計(jì)，在文中詳細(xì)介紹了P、I、D三個控制參數(shù)的整定方法和對這三個參數(shù)進(jìn)行了整定，給出了系統(tǒng)控制程序。 關(guān)鍵詞：溫度控制；單片機(jī)； PID Abstract At first, the paper introduces the conception of the hot runner and the importance of hot runner temperature control. What’s more, the paper described in detail of the hardware and software of the temperature control system and the design of temperature control algorithm, and analysis and design of the PID control algorithm. The paper introduces the control system design of overall program, and determine the composing of the control software and hardware. In the hardware ，according to the design control requirements and the program, the system selected the cost-effective microcontroller of AT89C52 microcontroller as the master control system. Among them, the temperature signal input using a Pt100 platinum resistance and the A / D conversion, the control signal using zero-crossing optocoupler and triac to complete hot runner temperature control. The system software mainly composed of the temperature signal acquisition module, the temperature display module, the control algorithm module and the control signal output module. This system of thought control is the microcontroller according to the collected temperature and compare the temperature setting, and then get the temperature error, Then according to the temperature error by PID should be counted, the final output control module according to the results of PID should be considered to make the appropriate changes, and these changes through zero optical coupler and triac to complete temperature control. The most important part of system software is the PID Control algorithm design and output control algorithm design, in the paper described in detail the P, I, D parameter setting of three control methods, and given system control program. Key words: Temperature Control ；Microcontroller ；PID 目 錄 引言 1 1 緒論 2 1.1 概述 2 1.2 熱流道溫度控制的現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展 2 1.3 課題的設(shè)計(jì)與分析 3 1.3.1系統(tǒng)性能要求及特點(diǎn) 3 1.3.2系統(tǒng)硬件方案分析 3 1.3.3系統(tǒng)軟件方案分析 4 2 硬件電路設(shè)計(jì) 5 2.1 系統(tǒng)硬件總體結(jié)構(gòu) 5 2.2 主控模塊器件選擇及設(shè)計(jì) 5 2.2.1單片機(jī)的選用 5 2.2.2單片機(jī)介紹 6 2.2.3主控模塊設(shè)計(jì) 9 2.3 信號輸入電路設(shè)計(jì) 10 2.3.1溫度傳感器的選用與介紹 10 2.3.2 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換 13 2.4 鍵盤及顯示電路 17 2.4.1鍵盤電路設(shè)計(jì) 17 2.4.2顯示電路設(shè)計(jì) 18 2.5 信號輸出電路設(shè)計(jì) 19 3 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) 21 3.1 軟件設(shè)計(jì)思想 21 3.2 系統(tǒng)軟件組成 21 3.3 主程序模塊 22 3.4 數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊 23 3.5 數(shù)據(jù)處理模塊 23 3.5.1數(shù)字濾波 24 3.5.1溫標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換 24 3.6 鍵盤與顯示模塊 25 3.6.1鍵盤模塊 25 3.6.2顯示模塊 25 3.7 控制算模塊 25 3.8 其他模塊 26 3.9 抗干擾措施 27 4 系統(tǒng)控制方案 29 4.1 PID控制 30 4.1.1PID控制理論 30 4.2 PID控制參數(shù)整定 32 5 系統(tǒng)調(diào)試 33 5.1 系統(tǒng)硬件調(diào)試 33 5.2 系統(tǒng)軟件調(diào)試 33 6 結(jié)論 35 謝辭 36 參考文獻(xiàn) 37 附錄 38 附錄1 源程序清單 38 附錄2 系統(tǒng)電路總圖 54