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1、名詞,大聲朗讀, 指出下列句中劃線的名詞或名詞短語在句中所作句子成分, 并思考名詞的用法與前后語境。 1. John is a driver.約翰是司機。 2. Dont stand on ceremony.別客氣。,介詞賓語,主語；表語,3. He doesnt look his age.他看上去與年齡不符。 4. London lies on the Thames River.倫敦位于泰晤士河畔。 5. Your brother told me the news.你弟弟告訴我這個消息的。,直接賓語,表語,主語；介詞的賓語,6. Li Qiangs bowl is in the kitche

2、n.李強的碗在廚房。 7. English is spoken all over the world.全世界說英語。,主語；介詞的賓語,主語；介詞的賓語,8. He feels it his duty to help others.他覺得幫助別人是他的責(zé)任。 9. You students should think of your future.你們學(xué)生應(yīng)該為自己的前途著想。,主語的同位語,賓補,1. 主要用法。名詞或名詞短語在句中可以做主語、____、動詞的 _____、介詞的賓語、___________、同位語等。 2. 語境分析。名詞通常位于冠詞(如a driver)、_____(如hi

3、s age)、__________(如Li Qiangs bowl) 及some, any, many, a lot of 等限定詞的后面。,歸納總結(jié),名詞所有格,表語,賓語,賓語補足語,代詞,3. 名詞的分類,4. 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)?？蓴?shù)名詞有單復(fù)數(shù)的區(qū)分，當數(shù)量大于一時就要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 5. 不可數(shù)名詞。 沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式； 不能直接用不定冠詞、數(shù)詞及many， a number of等修飾，但可用some， much， a great deal of等修飾。,6. 名詞所有格。有生命的人或物，以及表示時間、距離、金額、重量、國家或城市等的名詞，其所有格一般用“名詞+ -s” 表示，如The au

4、thors name (作者的名字)；無生命的東西的所有格一般用“of+名詞” 表示, 如the cover of the book (書的封面)。,7. 不可數(shù)名詞與可數(shù)名詞的轉(zhuǎn)化。 表示種類時：various fruits(各種水果)； 表示具體的事物時：a success(一個成功人士)； 表示“一場/段/件” 時：a timely rain(一場及時雨)； 表示“一杯/罐/瓶” 的tea， coffee， beer等：two beers(兩杯啤酒)； 表示不同意思時：room房間(可數(shù)); 余地(不可數(shù))。,有些不可數(shù)名詞無論什么情況下也沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，即使受形容詞修飾也不能加不定冠詞，

5、可稱作“絕對不可數(shù)名詞”。例如：fun, housework, homework, advice, information, news, progress, equipment, furniture, baggage/luggage, jewellery, machinery等。,注意：,8. of +抽象名詞。of + use, value, help等某些抽象名詞, 其含義相當于對應(yīng)的 ______，在句中可作表語、補語等。,形容詞, 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前通常會填冠詞(a， an， the)、名詞的所有格(Toms)、形容詞性物主代詞(my， your， his)、不定代詞(any， anoth

6、er)等。 空格在冠詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞所有格后，要用括號中所給詞的名詞形式。 在名詞前作定語的可能是形容詞或分詞，在名詞后作定語的可能是分詞短語、不定式短語或介詞短語，還可能是定語從句。,名詞與廣東高考, 若有定語從句、形容詞、分詞短語或介詞短語等修飾，應(yīng)當用所給詞的名詞形式。 作主語，或在及物動詞或介詞后作賓語，要用括號中所給詞的名詞形式。 在確定用名詞形式后，還要考慮該名詞是用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)、是否需要用所有格。,一、完成句子根據(jù)漢語提示, 完成下列句子。 1. Two ______(月) ago，three ______(英雄) caught four _______(小偷).

7、They made them plant some ________(土豆) and _______(竹子) in two _____(動物園).They also made their ______(妻子們)return the four big ______(箱子)with some precious ______(照片)and ________(刷子)in them.,靈活運用,brushes,months,heroes,thieves,potatoes,bamboos,zoos,wives,boxes,photos,1.一般情況下直接加s；以-s，-x，- sh，-ch結(jié)尾，加es，如

8、boxes/dishes/matches等(例外：stomachs)； 2.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i，再加es如countries/families(但以元音字母+y結(jié)尾的直接加s， 如boys)；,要點歸納：名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則,3. 以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞, 把f(e)改為ves如wolf/thief/wife/knife等(例外：proofs/ roofs/ gulfs/beliefs)； 4. 以o結(jié)尾的名詞， 一般加es， 但某些縮寫詞、外來詞或者以元音字母+o結(jié)尾的詞則加s， 如photos/pianos/radios等。,2. Two ______________(主編)，thre

9、e __________ (男教師) and five ___________ (女醫(yī)生), together with their ________(孩子們)， went to the market. They decided to buy two _______(綿羊), three _____(鹿)， four _____(公牛)， five ______(鵝)and six white _____(老鼠)with three ____ (腳) and six _____(牙齒).,teeth,editors-in-chief,men teachers,women doctors,chi

10、ldren,sheep,deer,oxen,geese,mice,feet, 將a改為e的有manmen, womanwomen等； man或woman作定語時，其單復(fù)數(shù)與所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)一致, 如men teachers/women scientists等。,不規(guī)則變化, 將oo改為ee的有footfeet, toothteeth， goosegeese等； 復(fù)數(shù)以en結(jié)尾的有childchildren, oxoxen等； 將ouse改為ice的有mousemice， louselice(虱子)等；, 單復(fù)數(shù)同形的有sheep/ deer/ fish/ aircraft/ means/w

11、orks/Swiss/Japanese/Chinese等； 合成詞中有主體名詞的只變主體名詞, 如passers-by/sons-in-law, 沒有主體名詞的, 直接在詞尾加s, 如grown-ups/go-betweens；,1. Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big __________ (commit), but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.,二、單句填空,根據(jù)前面的冠詞可知填名詞, commitment (投身)在句中作表語。,com

12、mitment,2.Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional __________(compete).,名詞作maintain的賓語。,competence,3. Always remember to put such dangerous things as _______(knife) out of childrens. 根據(jù)前面的things可知用復(fù)數(shù)，作介詞as的賓語。 4. Dr Smith is going to pull out one of

13、my ______(tooth). 因one of后面的名詞一定是復(fù)數(shù)，tooth的復(fù)數(shù)是teeth。,knives,teeth,5. I dont like the _____in which you laugh at her. 由in which引導(dǎo)的定語從句可知, 先行詞應(yīng)為表示方式的way。 6. In my opinion, it is wrong to cheat in ______________(exam) because it breaks the rules of schools. 6. 作介詞in的賓語。,way,examinations,7.In my opinion,

14、 no one agrees that a ________(wealth) person without good health can be happy. So, just do our best and keep fit.,7. 在冠詞與名詞之間, 用形容詞作定語。,wealthy,8. Upon _______(arrive), we began to work immediately. 作介詞的賓語用名詞形式。 9. Since “Life is a stage”, we are actually all actors and ________(act). 由與之并列的actors(

15、男演員)可知填actresses (女演員), 在句中作并列表語。,actresses,arrival,10. There are more visible changes in our gestures and facial __________(express). 前有形容詞修飾，用名詞，或者說，作介詞in的賓語，用名詞。 11. Lang Lang is a world-class young ______ (piano) who grew up in Shenyang. 由其后的定語從句可知, 空格處是先行詞, 且指人。,pianist,expressions,12. ______(t

16、ry)by food processing plants in Germany have concluded that foods covered with the glass can store longer than those stored in normal condition.,主句謂語是have concluded, 而by... Germany是介詞短語作定語, 有介詞短語修飾, 或者說在句中作主語, 要用名詞; 又因謂語是復(fù)數(shù), 故用trials。,Trials,A high school history teacher once told us, “If you make o

17、ne close friend in school, you will be most lucky. 1___ true friend is someone who stays with you for life.” Experience shows that he was right.,A,二、語篇填空,A在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞friend前可能是冠詞、名詞的所有格、形容詞性物主代詞或不定代詞; 由語境可知, 此處指類別，泛指“一個”真正的朋友, 故填不定冠詞A。,Good 2__________ (friend) are just not easily formed.,friendships,fr

18、iendships在句中作主語, 用名詞形式; 又根據(jù)謂語動詞are formed是復(fù)數(shù), 可知作主語的名詞要用復(fù)數(shù): 再根據(jù)搭配, 不容易形成的應(yīng)當是“友誼”, 而不是“朋友”, 故填friendships。,To most of us, friendships are thought very important, but we need to have the kinds of friendships we want. Are they to be close or kept at arms 3______ (long)? Do we want to share ourselves or

19、 do we want to walk on the surface? For some people, many friendships on the surface are quite enough and thats all right.,length,length在名詞所有格后, 要用名詞形式。keep sb. at arms length意為“不使自己太接近某人; 與某人保持距離(not allow oneself to become too friendly with sb)”。,But at some point we need to make sure that our exp

20、ectations are the same as our 4 _____ (friend) expectations.,friends,friends 在名詞前作定語, 要用其形容詞形式或者名詞的所有格; 根據(jù)語境, 應(yīng)當指“我們的朋友的”, 應(yīng)當用復(fù)數(shù)形式的所有格, 故填friends。,The sharing of 5_______ (person) experience is the surest way 6___________________ (deepen) friendships. But it must be undertaken slowly and carried on

21、only if there are signs of interest and action in return.,personal,to deepen/of deepening,5. personal在名詞前作定語, 用形容詞形式。 6. to deepen/of deepening在way后用不定式作定語或用of doing作定語。,What are some of the difficulties to friendship? The greatest is the attraction to expect too much too soon. Deep relationships ta

22、ke time. 7_______ main difficulty is the 8_________ (selfish) to think one “owns” the other, including his time and attention. Similarly, friendships need actions in return.,Another,selfishness,7. Another在名詞前作定語, 沒有提示的語法填空題, 只可能是填冠詞、介詞、連詞或代詞; 再根據(jù)前面的the greatest (difficulty)和后面的Finally可知, 此處是指多者中的“另一

23、個”, 故填another。 8. selfishness在冠詞后，要用名詞。,In other words, you must give as much as you take. Finally there is a question of taking care of. 9 ______ you spend reasonable time together, talking 10 __ the phone, writing letters, doing things together, friendships will die away.,Unless,on,9.Unless因有you spend...和friendships will die away兩個句子，且兩句之間沒有關(guān)聯(lián)詞， 此處一定是填關(guān)聯(lián)詞；由兩句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)可判斷，應(yīng)填引導(dǎo)條件或時間狀語從句的從屬連詞；根據(jù)兩句的邏輯關(guān)系，應(yīng)填unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。 10.letters名詞作賓語。因為是可數(shù)名詞，且沒有限定詞，故用復(fù)數(shù)。,Thank You !,