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1、1,本節(jié)著重介紹： 有關減速機的基礎概念 羅西公司的基本情況,Preparatory technical course 技術教程,Drive/驅動 Theoretical fundamental concepts 基本概念 Gear reducer/齒輪減速機 Size/規(guī)格 Gear pairs and train of gears 齒輪副和齒輪系 Design and mounting position 設計和安裝方式 Designation/名稱,ROSSIMOTORIDUTTORI,3,驅動,P1 0,12 kW M1 n1 10003000 min-1,P2 M2 240 000 d

2、aN m n2 0250 min-1,Q,馬達,減速機,被驅動機器,傳動,傳動,4,DRIVE,Motors/馬達 - asynchronous/異步 a.c. + inverter 交流變速 d.c. + convert. 直流變速 - brushless/無刷電機,Gear red./減速機 - worm/蝸桿 - coaxial/同軸 - parallel/平行軸 - right angle/直角軸 - planetary/行星式,Machines/機械 適用于幾乎所有類型的機械或系統,Transmissions/傳動 Direct connection 直接連接 聯軸器 齒輪副 帶驅動

3、 鏈驅動,減速機降低速度、增加扭矩的公式,P kW = MdaN m n / 955,5,聯軸器簡介,主要使用彈性聯軸器 彈性套柱銷聯軸器 彈性梅花形聯軸器,6,PHILOSOPHY BY ROSSIMOTORIDUTTORI,Standard product/一流產品 Wide range of types /產品范圍廣 Compactness, reliability, modular 簡潔，可靠，模塊化 construction, flexibility/結構適應性強 Compliance to standards/服從標準 Modernity/現代化,7,基本概念,Force F :/

4、力三要素：大小，方向，作用點 單位: N, daN, kN Torque M :力矩 ( M = F b )/力x力臂 單位: N m, daN m, kN m Mass m : /質量為材料的特性 單位: kg Moment of inertia of mass J : /轉動慣量 圓周運動時產生 與旋轉半徑有關J = m r 2 單位: kg m2,F,M,m,r,8,轉動慣量簡介,9,GEAR REDUCER/減速機,減速，增加扭矩,10,GEAR REDUCER,高速軸直徑小 低速軸直徑大 傳動比i = n1 / n2 1 構成：箱體，齒輪副，軸承，軸，密封圈， 等等。 （說明減速機質

5、量時，需從構成上分別說明）,常用輸入速度: n1 = 900 3000 min-1,3000rpm基本為羅西的最大容許輸入速度,11,GEAR REDUCER,GEAR REDUCER 減速機(減機）,GEAR MOTOR WITHOUT MOTOR 無馬達減速馬達,GEARMOTOR 減速馬達（減馬）,12,Size/規(guī)格,The size of a gear reducer is given by the centre distance of final reduction 減速機的規(guī)格由末級減速的中心距給定 (EP02:最后一級減速箱體的外徑) 例如： R 2I 125 表示，減速機的末

6、級減速中心距為125,13,Gears and trains of gears齒輪和齒輪組,羅西公司設計、加工和研磨以下類型的齒輪。 圓柱齒輪，用I表示，主要應用于平行軸和同心軸減速機，也用于其它類型。 傘齒輪，用C 表示，用于直角軸減速機 蝸桿，用V 表示，用于蝸桿減速機 例如 : R 3I, R ICI, R V, MR 2IV, MR C2I,14,羅西型號中各種符號的含義,15,Casehardened and hardened (greater load capacity, smaller overall dimensions) 經滲碳硬化和表面硬化（更大的承載能力，更小的總體尺寸）

7、 Ground profile /外形輪廓經過研磨 Load capacity (according to ISO 6336): 承載能力（達到ISO6336標準） Verified to pitting for an unlimited life 工作狀況下永不銹蝕 Verified to breakage/經過破壞驗證 Optimised dimensioning/尺寸經優(yōu)化,Cylindrical gears I圓柱齒輪,16,圓柱齒輪材料: 16 CrNi4 or 20 MnCr5 (UNI 7846-78) fs =1 per 25 000h imax = 6,3（單級最大傳動比）

8、= 0,98（單級傳動效率） 在冷熱情況下，均可持續(xù)運轉,Cylindrical gears I,17,imax = 6,3 = 0,98 Spiral toothing Gleason/格里森螺旋齒 材料:16 CrNi4 or 20 MnCr5 (UNI7846-78) 經滲碳硬化和表面硬化 齒外形經研磨（規(guī)格為 C 160 . C 320的產品） profile finished to skiving (sizes C 400 . C 500) 齒外形經刮磨（對于規(guī)格為C400-C500的產品） Possibility of reduced angular clearance 可減少角形

9、間隙,Bevel gears C傘齒輪,18,幾種表面加工工藝的表面粗糙度Rz,微觀不平度十點高度,粗車、粗刨、粗銑：不大于80,(微見刀痕)。 車，刨，銑：1040（微見加工痕跡） 車，磨：6.3 （可辨加工痕跡方向） 磨，刮：3.2 （微辨加工痕跡方向） 精磨，研磨：1.6 （不可辨加工痕跡方向）,19,Worm gears V/蝸齒輪,imax = 63 扭矩大小取決于速度大小（速度越小，Mn2越大） 效率隨輸入功率，運轉時間同向變化（功率越大，效率越高，運轉時間越長，效率越高） 噪音低 Reducing vibrations and shocks 震動與沖擊小 Possibility

10、of reduced angular clearance of low speed shaft 可以減小低速軸的角形間隙（基本可以滿足較高精度傳動的要求）,20,Worm gears V,Worm made of16 CrNi4 or 20 MnCr5/材料casehardened and hardened, ground and superfinished, involute profile ZI 經過滲碳硬化和表面硬化，研磨和超級壓光的漸開線輪廓 Worm wheel made of phosphor bronze (PB2 BS 1400-85) and hub of spheroida

11、l cast iron or steel 蝸輪由磷青銅PB2 BS 1400-85制成，蝸輪軸由球墨鑄鐵或鋼制成。,21,蝸桿、蝸輪材料選用依據及保養(yǎng)注意,Maag Oerlikon Opal 800 圓柱齒形控制機器,Klingelnberg WNC 30 傘齒形控制,23,Careful control of gears:,圓柱齒輪: Klingelnberg PNC 100, PNC 33,傘齒輪: Klingelnberg PNC 100, PNC 33 and Gleason tester for rolling test,2 Klingelnberg PNC 1 Olivetti

12、Inspector 1 Dea Gamma 3D 1 single flank rolling test machine Klingelnberg PSE 1 Gleason Tester 1 Mitutoyo Metallographic laboratory 2700 tools.世界上最好的，最貴的檢測儀器，,Quality control,25,Advantages of grinding/研磨的優(yōu)點,Constant quality /質量恒定 Avoiding thermal deformations/避免熱變形 Optimisation of teeth form (correc

13、tions of profile and helix) /優(yōu)化齒性（校正外形和螺旋） Low noise level/噪音低 Maximum efficiency/獲得最大效率 Interchangeability and smaller overall dimensions/可換性強，總體尺寸小 Higher load capacity/高承載能力,技術教程 （第二部分）,Efficiency/效率 Thermal power/熱功率 Lubrication/潤滑 Fastening systems/緊固裝置 Nominal performances and fs 額定性能和服務系數 Sel

14、ection of drive/驅動類型選擇 Radial and axial loads/徑向和軸向荷載,ROSSIMOTORIDUTTORI,27,Efficiency /效率,of gear reducer is given by the ratio between output power P2 and input power P1 and it is always 1 ( 1) 減速機的效率是輸出功率與輸入功率的比率，總是小于1。, = P2 / P1 = PN2 / PN1,？,28,效率,Plost = P1 - P2 depends on: 效率損失取決于 Frictions

15、( m ) /摩擦 Splash (oil level mounting position) 飛濺（油位安裝方式） Ventilation, lubrication pump/通風，潤滑泵 Cylindrical and bevel gear: 圓柱齒輪和傘齒輪 = 0,98 恒定 Worm gear:蝸輪 0,90 variable變化的,29,蝸桿減速機效率表,30,效率 ,For the worm gear if : 如下情況，蝸輪效率會上升： Increasing worm speed n /增加蝸桿轉速 Decreasing oil viscosity /減小油粘度 Using sy

16、nthetic oil/使用合成潤滑油 The gear reducer is warm/對減速機進行預熱,31,效率 ,Efficiency of external transmissions: 常用外部機構的傳動效率 belt 0,95/帶傳動 chain 0,98/鏈傳動 gears 0,96/齒輪傳動 hydraulic coupling 0,95/液力聯軸器,32,潤滑,潤滑作用包括: 減小摩擦系數 減少熱損失 Q= P1 - P2 增加效率 降低油溫 toil 減少材料磨損 ,潤滑方式: oil splash濺油方式 circulation強制油循環(huán),33,潤滑,油潤滑 : 礦物油

17、 (tmax = 95C) 或合成油 (tmax = 125C) （對于襯底有特殊要求） 特性: 粘度 (), 粘度系數, 滑動點, 最大容許溫升 脂潤滑 : 合成脂 (tmax = 125C) 特性: 耐久性, 滴點, 最大容許溫升,34,潤滑,粘度選用所需考慮參數 齒輪類型 (蝸桿減速機要考慮安裝方式) 速度: 速度大時，要求粘度小n 扭矩: 扭矩大時，需要粘度大M ,35,潤滑,使用合成油的好處 - 效率 升高 - 潤滑間隔大大增加 - 應用領域增大 - 最大容許溫度 升高 - 購買成本增加 ,36,Fastening systems固定方式,地腳安裝,法蘭安裝,37,Fastening

18、 systems固定方式,特點: - 結構緊湊 - 經濟 - Adequate to deforming and/or slightly precise structures,空心低速軸 地腳安裝 法蘭安裝 ,軸安裝,38,三種固定方式的根本區(qū)別,39,Nominal performances and fs額定性能和安全系數fs,In the catalogues we state the nominal performances PN1, PN2, MN2 They considered nominal as they are valid for the nominal service, t

19、hat is at fixed values: Duration of running h (25 000圓柱, 12 500蝸桿) Uniform load (M2 = const.) “l(fā)ow” frequency of starting start/h Asynchronous three-phase motor,40,M2max,M2,Mn2的區(qū)別,額定值的定義,41,Nominal performances and fs,Service factor fs: parameter quantifying the different nature of real running cond

20、itions compared to nominal performances. fs = MN2 / M2 = PN2 / P2 Nominal performances fs = 1 Real service Nominal service (fs 1) On the catalogues see the table for the calculation of fs,42,Nominal performances and fs,Is it right to do the comparison between the performances of the gear reducers of

21、 2 different manufacturers with the same fs? 如何正確的比較兩個不同的制造商的安全系數是否相同, fs = 1 for manufacturer A and B ONLY IF: Nominal performances defined in the same way (considering the same nominal service) Using the same standards and methods of calculation otherwise fsA fsB For fs 1 the comparison between A

22、and B is possible only if they have the same law of variation for fs,Preparatory Technical Course (3rd part),Materials材料 Noise噪音 Torque limiters扭力限制器 Standards 標準 Rossi Motoriduttori優(yōu)勢 Modular system Quality systems質量,ROSSIMOTORIDUTTORI,44,Materials/材料,箱體 : 通常為球墨鑄鐵 G 200 UNI ISO 185 某些平行軸或直角軸減速機 (Ca

23、t. H02) 使用電鍍復合鋼 高速軸:滲碳硬化和表面硬化合成鋼 低速軸:滲碳硬化和表面硬化合成鋼 空心低速軸:鋼 圓柱齒輪材料:16CrNi4 or 20MnCr5 其他部件: 軸承品牌: 密封圈品牌:,45,鋼材性能比較,46,Noise,Lw1, Lw2, Lw3, Lfondo, Lriverbero Lp,47,Gearmotor/減速馬達,馬達與減速箱直接連接.,48,Torque limiters,Devices acting in case of overloads of M in order to save the drive. Possible types: electro

24、nic : wattmetric relais inverter mechanical : Friction torque limiter (output) Module of friction torque limiter (MLA) Module of ball type torque limiter (MLS),49,Torque limiters (output),Mounting of external friction type torque limiter intermediate a), (output) b),a),b),50,Modules of torque limite

25、rs (input),Mounting of module between gear reducer and motor (input), in the combined groups between gear reducer and gearmotor,MLA,MLS,51,points of strength優(yōu)勢,Complete range Standard products Modular system模塊化 Maximum compactness Standardized motors to IEC,Complete documentation Total control of in

26、dustrial process Certified quality system Technical assistance,分別對應于客戶什么樣的問題,52,Complete range,Worm gear reducers and gearmotors Coaxial gear reducers and gearmotors Parallel shaft gearmotors and gear reducers Right angle shaft gear reducers Asynchronous three-phase motors Inverters,53,Standard manu

27、facturing,Standard manufacturing programme Wide experience in the manufacturing of the same parts Lower production costs Possibility of stock manufacturing Shorter delivery times Standard commercial components(bearings, seal rings, motors, etc.) Better service for the customer,54,The Modularity is a

28、 project concept that, thanks to standards, to normal numbers etc., has the goal of obtaining the quantity of products required by the market with the lowest number of components. Advantages : Lower costs Higher quality and control Better delivery times,Module system模塊化,好處,55,Motor standardised to IEC (gearmotor) Advantages: interchangeability, better deltimes, economy Motor range: Asynchronous three-phase motor; Standard or brake motor with d.c. brake or with d.c. safety brake; Standard or brake (double speed) motor,56,THE END,ROSSIMOTORIDUTTORI,