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摘要 橋式起重機(jī)的梁有多種結(jié)構(gòu)，本設(shè)計(jì)采用箱形雙梁結(jié)構(gòu)。主梁跨度25.5m ,是由上、下蓋板和兩塊垂直的腹板組成封閉箱形截面實(shí)體板梁連接。因本設(shè)計(jì)的起重量比較大，故主梁內(nèi)部設(shè)置橫縱加勁板，以保證主梁橋架受載后的穩(wěn)定性。 端梁部分在起重機(jī)中有著重要的作用，它是承載平移運(yùn)輸?shù)年P(guān)鍵部件。端梁部分是由車(chē)輪組合端梁架組成，端梁部分主要有上蓋板，腹板和下蓋板組成；端梁是由兩段通過(guò)連接板和角鋼用高強(qiáng)螺栓連接而成。在端梁的內(nèi)部設(shè)有加強(qiáng)筋，以保證端梁架受載后的穩(wěn)定性。 本設(shè)計(jì)大車(chē)運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)部分采用分別驅(qū)動(dòng)，分別驅(qū)動(dòng)省去了中間部分的傳動(dòng)軸，使得質(zhì)量減輕，尺寸減小。分別驅(qū)動(dòng)的結(jié)構(gòu)不因主梁的變形而在大車(chē)傳動(dòng)性機(jī)能方面受到影響，從而保證了運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)多方面的可靠性。所以，大車(chē)運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)采用分別驅(qū)動(dòng)。 設(shè)計(jì)中參考了各種資料, 運(yùn)用各種途徑, 努力利用各種條件來(lái)完成此次設(shè)計(jì)。本設(shè)計(jì)通過(guò)反復(fù)斟酌各種設(shè)計(jì)方案, 認(rèn)真討論, 不斷反復(fù)校核, 力求設(shè)計(jì)合理;通過(guò)采取計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)方法以及參考前人的先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn), 力求有所創(chuàng)新;通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)方法, 繪圖和設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算都充分發(fā)揮計(jì)算機(jī)的強(qiáng)大輔助功能, 力求設(shè)計(jì)高效。 關(guān)鍵詞:箱形雙梁 橋式起重機(jī) 主梁 端梁 ABSTRACT The beam has a variety of structure of bridge crane，This design uses the box beam structure. Girder span 25.5 m, is composed of upper and lower cover plate and two vertical web form closed entity board box section beam connection. Because the weight is large since the design of main girder internal setting transverse and longitudinal stiffening plate, to ensure the stability of the main girder bridge frame after loading. Beam section has an important role in the crane, it is the key of the carrying truck transportation parts. Beam section is made up by the wheels of side beams, beam of a cover plate, web plate and the lower cover plate; Beam is made up of two paragraphs by connecting plate and Angle iron with high strength bolt connection and into. In the end beam with internal stiffeners, to ensure the stability of side beams after loading. This part adopts respectively drive design supporting institutions, respectively to drive out the middle part of the drive shaft, make the quality to reduce, reduce the size. Respectively drive structure is not due to deformation of the girder in cart driving function of sex is affected, thus ensuring the reliability of the operation aspects. So, cart running mechanism driven by respectively. Reference in the design of various materials, using various channels, trying to use a variety of conditions to complete the design. This design through a premade each kind of design scheme of serious discussion, is repeated, strive to design reasonable; By adopting the computer aided design method and reference the advanced experience of predecessors, makes every effort to innovate; By the method of computer aided design, drawing and design calculation are powerful auxiliary function to give full play to the computer, to design high efficiency. KEY WORDS: box double beam bridge crane main beam below beam 目錄 第1章 前言··········································································1 1.1 概述·············································································1 1.2我國(guó)的發(fā)展前景·································································2 第2章 總體設(shè)計(jì)····································································5 2.1起重機(jī)的總體設(shè)計(jì)······························································5 2.2選擇確定總體參數(shù)······························································6 2.3主要尺寸的確定·································································6 2.4 主、端梁的連接································································7 第3章 主要部分的計(jì)算··························································9 3.1 主梁的計(jì)算·····································································9 3.2 端梁的計(jì)算····································································18 3.3 主要焊縫的計(jì)算·······························································23 第4章 大車(chē)運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)的計(jì)算···················································26 4.1 確定機(jī)構(gòu)的傳動(dòng)方案··························································26 4.2 車(chē)輪材料的選擇·······························································28 4.3 車(chē)輪強(qiáng)度驗(yàn)算··································································29 4.4 運(yùn)行阻力計(jì)算··································································30 4.5 電動(dòng)機(jī)的計(jì)算··································································30 4.6 減速器的選擇··································································31 4.7 驗(yàn)算啟動(dòng)時(shí)間··································································32 4.8 選擇制動(dòng)器·····································································34 4.9 疲勞強(qiáng)度驗(yàn)算···································································35 第5章 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)小節(jié)······························································37 參考文獻(xiàn)···············································································38 附：英文原文 英文翻譯 畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告 設(shè)計(jì)項(xiàng)目 計(jì)算與說(shuō)明 結(jié)果 第1章 前言 1.1概述 起重機(jī)屬于起重機(jī)械的一種，是一種作循環(huán)、間歇運(yùn)動(dòng)的機(jī)械。一個(gè)工作循環(huán)包括：取物裝置從取物地把物品提起，然后水平移動(dòng)到指定地點(diǎn)降下物品，接著進(jìn)行反向運(yùn)動(dòng)，使取物裝置返回原位，以便進(jìn)行下一次循環(huán)。 起重機(jī)械可以分為橋式起重機(jī)、門(mén)式起重機(jī)、塔式起重機(jī)、流動(dòng)式起重機(jī)、鐵路起重機(jī)、門(mén)座起重機(jī)、升降機(jī)、纜索起重機(jī)、桅桿起重機(jī)、旋臂式起重機(jī)、輕小型起重機(jī)和機(jī)械式停車(chē)設(shè)備。 橋式起重機(jī)是橫架于車(chē)間、倉(cāng)庫(kù)和料場(chǎng)上空進(jìn)行物料吊運(yùn)的起重設(shè)備。由于它兩端坐落在高大的水泥柱上或金屬支架上，形狀似橋，所以俗稱(chēng)“天車(chē)”和“行車(chē)”。它是適用范圍最廣、數(shù)量最多的一種起重機(jī)械。 橋式起重機(jī)是現(xiàn)代工業(yè)生產(chǎn)和起重運(yùn)輸中實(shí)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程機(jī)械化、自動(dòng)化的重要工具和設(shè)備，可減輕操作者的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，提高生產(chǎn)率。橋式起重機(jī)在工礦企業(yè)、鋼鐵化工、鐵路交通、港口碼頭以及物流周轉(zhuǎn)等部門(mén)和場(chǎng)所均得到廣泛的運(yùn)用，它是人們生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)中不可缺少的一種設(shè)備。 橋式起重機(jī)的類(lèi)型很多，其中通用橋式起重機(jī)和龍門(mén)起重機(jī)最為普遍，這兩種類(lèi)型起重機(jī)的的結(jié)構(gòu)和操作方法基本相同，不同之處在于大車(chē)運(yùn)行軌道的位置，通用橋式起重機(jī)是在高空，龍門(mén)起重機(jī)是在地面，由此帶來(lái)支承結(jié)構(gòu)的不同。 我們通常把橋式起重機(jī)的主梁與端梁等部件組成的結(jié)構(gòu)稱(chēng)為橋架。正軌箱型梁橋架由兩根主梁和兩根端梁構(gòu)成。主梁外側(cè)分別設(shè)有走臺(tái)。該鋼架結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)是主梁與端梁通過(guò)連接板焊接在一起形成剛性結(jié)構(gòu)，為了