J23-10開式雙柱可傾曲柄壓力機(jī)設(shè)計含3張CAD圖-版本2,j23,10,開式雙柱可傾,曲柄,壓力機(jī),設(shè)計,cad,版本 外文資料 Introduction to press Press is a compact structure versatility press. With a versatile, high production efficiency, the press can be widely used in cutting, punching, blanking, bending, riveting and forming and other processes. By applying strong pressure on the metal blank metal to plastic deformation and fracture processed into parts. Large pulley driven by a motor (usually doubles as a flywheel) by mechanical presses work triangle belt driven through a clutch gear pair and slider-crank mechanism, the slider and punch straight down. 1 Basic Introduction. 1.1 Screw Press Screw press with a screw and nut as a transmission mechanism, and by the flywheel screw drive forward and reverse rotary motion into reciprocating slide down forging machinery. When working, the electric motor to rotate the flywheel to accelerate energy savings, through the screw, nut push the slider downward movement. When the slider contacts the workpiece, is forced to decelerate to a complete stop of the flywheel, into rotational kinetic energy of the impact energy stored by the slider against the workpiece to deform. After the fight, the flywheel motor reversing, driving the slider to rise back to its original position. Screw press with a nominal specification work force to represent. 1.2 crank press Crank press is one of the most common cold stamping equipment, used for cold stamping die working platform. Its structure is simple, easy to use. By the bed in the form of the body structure is different, crank press can be divided into open or closed crank press Crank presses; driven by the number of links can be divided into single-point or multi-point press press; press slide number is one or two can be divided into single-action or double-action press press. 1.3 Friction Press Friction press machine is a strong universal pressure processing machine is widely used, can be used in a variety of pressure processing industries. In the machinery manufacturing industry, friction press applications more widely available to complete forging, upsetting, bending, correction, coining work, and some have no flash forging presses to accomplish this. Because of the press in the use of a larger universal, and there structure, installation, handling and auxiliary equipment is simple and low-cost advantages, so in machinery manufacturing, automobile, tractor and aviation industries in the press shop, forge shop and forging workshops are widely used, but also for blanking and refractory suppression work. Over 1.4 presses Multi-station press is an advanced press equipment, is an integrated multi-press, usually by head unit, feed mechanism, consisting of the press and the tail section. Fastest beat up to 40 beats / min or more, to meet the high-speed automated production. Unstacking head unit can be divided into units, magnetic belts and cleaning, oiling equipment; feed mechanism feeding arms generally composed; presses are generally divided into more than one slider and slider, choose according to the different needs,Tail section is generally constituted by a conveyor belt. 2 mechanical structure Press consists of four parts: a four-column hydraulic press machine; combined control cabinet; electric heating systems and insulation devices; mold conveyor gantry. The above composition with integrated design, make nice shape, appearance, compact structure is simple, reliable, easy to maintain. 2.1 on a four-column hydraulic press machine Press should have a reliable structural rigidity resistance to deformation, hydraulic station location, press row set mold hoisting connected devices, hydraulic station and press row has a removable dust cover. Can the direction of the workpiece length (3000) direction. Technical parameters are as follows: Nominal 190T; effective table size 3000 × 750 mm2; pressure exhaust velocity of 75 ~ 100 mm / s; maximum open distance of 550 mm (excluding heating plate); dwell time 8h (workpiece 130 ℃) ; press the base height of 0.5 ~ 0.55m; press row and base flatness of 0.2 mm; press row lamination base average gap ≤ 0.25 mm (not less than 10 measuring points). 2.2 Heating System Heating the heating system is made of steel plate, heating, insulation layer. Two upper and lower heating plates are connected with the press and the press row fixed base and easy removal, heating plate made of high quality 45 # steel tune tribute treatment. Electric heating plate placed in the heating tube and a thermocouple. Thermocouple placement fastening reliable, easy to disassemble. Heating plate Technical parameters: the plane size 3050 × 650 mm2; flatness of 0.2 mm; measuring point arrangement: on board 3:00; under the board 6:00. Heating pipes made of stainless steel outer casing, operating voltage 220V. Unilateral qualify, the number is a multiple of 3. Electric heating pipe replacement convenient and reliable. Wiring of the protective devices. Insulation layer is disposed between the heating plate and the base (or press row), the heating plate is surrounded by the insulation plate provided good insulation performance should be selected materials, the heating plate is quite planar dimensions, the thickness of not less than 20 mm. 2.3 Control Cabinet Rack presses the action and temperature cabinet. Instrument panel and switch on the cabinet; power switch, indicator, voltmeter, ammeter; press the action button and indicator light; pressure indicating instrument; heating switch and indicator light; digital temperature regulator (accuracy ± 1 ℃); insulation timing control, over-temperature alarm; maximum temperature 180 ℃; heating rate of 1.7 ℃ ~ 2.5 ℃ / min; temperature inhomogeneities ± 3 ℃, the heating power of each phase power balance; temperature regulator temperature region corresponding real-time control, When all reaches the set value ± 3 ℃, timer expires after a set time, the temperature control system can automatically process heat or power by the setting. 2.4 Mold transport aircraft A carriage with an upper input roller structure presses one end connected to the base (removable), one end placed on the ground (height-adjustable). Carrying capacity 3T; lose height on the surface of the roll heating plate flush; plane size (2800 ~ 2900) × 750mm2 (available part); compartment temperature pressure plate on press row and around the base to reduce mold heating process The heat loss with aluminum (or stainless steel) and the insulation material. To facilitate the placement may be divided into several pieces. 3 mechanical principles Presses are usually driven by a motor through the friction disc flywheel rim leaving the flywheel rotates, so this press known as friction press, China's largest cattle friction press is 25 megabytes. Larger size presses with hydraulic system drives the flywheel, called hydraulic screw press, the maximum size of 125 megabytes cattle. Later appeared with an electric motor directly drives the flywheel presses, It's compact, less transmission links, due to the frequent change of control of the higher electrical requirements, and requires special motors. Rotary presses no fixed lower dead point of the larger die forgings, can repeatedly blow molding can be singles, and even play jog. Strike force and deformation of the workpiece on large deformation hitting power, small deformation (such as cold hit) when combating force. In these respects, it is similar to the hammer. But it's a slider low speed (about 0.5 m / sec, 1/10 only hammer), the striking force through a closed rack, so smooth, vibration is much smaller than the hammer, do not need a great foundation. Presses equipped with skid insurance agencies, the maximum impact force limited to two times the nominal pressure to protect the safety equipment. The lower forging presses are equipped with top of the device. Both screw press forging hammer, forging machinery and other mechanical presses role, universal and strong, can be used for forging, stamping, deep drawing processes. Furthermore, screw press, friction press particularly simple structure, easy to manufacture, it is widely used. Screw press drawback is lower productivity and mechanical efficiency. 4 Mechanical Use Improper operation or stamping presses, die set type presses the leading cause damage and downtime. Appropriate training and stamping die press operator set can ensure that they follow the correct procedures. It will be able to quickly reduce downtime. Operations to the former class points brake actuator shaft filling oil, stick ball classes before the first class of the day, No. 20-30 grease gun filling machine oil amount, clutch pressure injection site every day before class time with lubricating oil gun . Class before stopping the machine for cleaning. Check the fasteners, padded exterior missing pieces. Check the clutch and springs, belts. Check machine lubrication devices. Check the electrical wiring is damaged, aging, motors, solenoids are normal. Check the accuracy of the crankshaft and rail wear. Check the brakes, clutch, slider, closed block, closed loop. Check the electrical control. Coupling bolts fuselage bench testing and adjustments. According to press a different machine types and processing requirements, develop targeted, practical safety procedures and make the necessary job training and safety education. Using the unit and the operator must strictly comply with the provisions and procedures of design and manufacturing units to provide safety instructions and proper use, maintenance. Press generally safe operation requirements are as follows: Before moving equipment, to check manipulation of the press section, clutch and brakes are in an active state, the security guards are complete handy slider-crank mechanism ministries without exception. Abnormal should immediately take the necessary measures not sick operation, disassembly and damaged safety devices is strictly prohibited. Prior to the formal job subject to idle test, confirmed only after all part of the normal work. Should clean up before starting work bench all unnecessary items, to prevent car vibration or shock switch off the wounded man suddenly start causing sliders. Operation must use tools, prohibited by hand directly into his die extract, hand tools shall not be placed on the mold. When adjusting the position of the workpiece in the die area or strip stuck in the mold of the workpiece, the foot must leave the foot pedals. People operating the same press should have a unified command, the signal is clear, until the other party to make a clear answer, and then confirm the action away from the danger zone. Sudden power failure or operator should be finished off the power, and the manipulator to return to neutral clutch, brake in braking. Presses case for overhaul, adjustments and the installation, adjustment, disassembly die, disconnect energy (eg electricity, gas, liquid) in the machine, the machine stops operation carried out, and put the pads in the slider plus reliable Support. Listed at the start switch machine warning notice. 5 Mechanical Maintenance 5.1 attention to safety during maintenance Ensure correct locking / opening process to ensure the safety of maintenance personnel to ensure the brakes prior to carry out maintenance work in the bottom of the sleeve into the trip. If this is done, it is no longer a lock sleeve. 5.2 Maintenance Process So the press operator presses added to the process to maintain them in case of problems can always remind maintenance or management personnel. They have carried out the operation of the press every day, so it can more easily hear or see signs of the problem. As a daily driver with a car, an exception can be noticed for the first time in the sound, which is also the same for the operator. 5.3 Environmental Control workshop A clean press allows the operator or maintenance personnel can quickly discover if a problem occurs. Such as oil spills, leakage, breakage, etc., if the press is clean, then it's easy to find out its location. 5.4 ensure that the press is in the equilibrium position Precision balanced press can get a better job, so best to check once a year. Charged with the operation of pneumatic systems and balance of pneumatic brake systems, you need to check whether there is a gas leak, because the Ministry of proper air pressure can affect performance brakes and balance system, and they control the press to stop time, if there are problems will make the operation and equipment in danger. In addition, all systems have pneumatic regulators, lubricators and reservoir. Accumulation in the gas pipeline water a day should be excluded. 5.5 for some time to replace the oil and filter Improper lubrication system for the maintenance of the press is one of the main reasons the press downtime occurs, for some reason, a lot of press operator at the time of the oil circulation system with screen operation with occasional replacement of the filter. Should ensure that the replacement of oil while replacing the filter, usually also need regular replacement. 5.6 Maintenance of mechanical presses key For a mechanical press routine maintenance projects, which aspects are most important? The answer is the operator. All maintenance and issue press Find to start on the operator, the operator can often find problems early in the press, for the press to prevent the major components generated sustained damage. The operator can press attention by strange noise emitted; abnormal temperature rise, smoke, debris or some parts of the metal particles occurs; pipeline leaks, and found a problem. The operator should ask ourselves every day some questions answered by checking records to maintain long-term maintenance records. 6 Installation Users will press shipped to the installation site, open the box, and then according to the instructions for installation work, will press on cement foundations have been beaten with a level tested around the table at the front and rear of the fuselage, horizontal degrees required to allow every length 1000 mm 0.20 mm, adjust if uneven material iron, until compliance with the requirements. The foundation is shown in Figure ten. After the cement solidification should be tightened evenly feet Lo Lo playing Manager (M24), with a spirit level to check the levelness of the fuselage table, presses must be completely solidified to begin work on the basis. After the installation is complete press should carefully kerosene oil will rust on the machined surface wash presses Kerosene not fall on the paint surface to avoid paint damage. Should be carefully cleaned and depression shoulder clean, dry after cleaning with cotton yarn, coated with a thin layer of oil. And check the lubrication hole is smooth, not be clogging.After the well, the press should be installed on a reliable grounding wire.  中文翻譯 壓力機(jī)簡介 壓力機(jī)是一種結(jié)構(gòu)精巧的通用性壓力機(jī)。具有用途廣泛，生產(chǎn)效率高等特點(diǎn)，壓力機(jī)可廣泛應(yīng)用于切斷、沖孔、落料、彎曲、鉚合和成形等工藝。通過對金屬坯件施加強(qiáng)大的壓力使金屬發(fā)生塑性變形和斷裂來加工成零件。機(jī)械壓力機(jī)工作時由電動機(jī)通過三角皮帶驅(qū)動大皮帶輪(通常兼作飛輪)，經(jīng)過齒輪副和離合器帶動曲柄滑塊機(jī)構(gòu)，使滑塊和凸模直線下行。 1.基本簡介 1.1 螺旋壓力機(jī) 　　螺旋壓力機(jī)用螺桿、螺母作為傳動機(jī)構(gòu)，并靠螺旋傳動將飛輪的正反向回轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榛瑝K的上下往復(fù)運(yùn)動的鍛壓機(jī)械。工作時，電動機(jī)使飛輪加速旋轉(zhuǎn)以儲蓄能量，同時通過螺桿、螺母推動滑塊向下運(yùn)動。當(dāng)滑塊接觸工件時，飛輪被迫減速至完全停止，儲存的旋轉(zhuǎn)動能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闆_擊能，通過滑塊打擊工件，使之變形。打擊結(jié)束后，電動機(jī)使飛輪反轉(zhuǎn)，帶動滑塊上升，回到原始位置。螺旋壓力機(jī)的規(guī)格用公稱工作力來表示。 1.2曲柄壓力機(jī) 　　曲柄壓力機(jī)是一種最常用的冷沖壓設(shè)備，用作冷沖壓模具的工作平臺。其結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，使用方便。 按床身結(jié)構(gòu)形式的不同，曲柄壓力機(jī)可分為開式曲柄壓力機(jī)或閉式曲柄壓力機(jī)；按驅(qū)動連桿數(shù)的不同可分為單點(diǎn)壓力機(jī)或多點(diǎn)壓力機(jī)；按滑塊數(shù)是一個還是兩個可分為單動壓力機(jī)或雙動壓力機(jī)。 1.3 摩擦壓力機(jī) 　　摩擦壓力機(jī)機(jī)是一種萬能性較強(qiáng)的壓力加工機(jī)器，應(yīng)用較為廣泛，在壓力加工的各種行業(yè)中都能使用。在機(jī)械制造工業(yè)中，摩擦壓力機(jī)的應(yīng)用更為廣泛，可用來完成模鍛、鐓鍛、彎曲、校正、精壓等工作，有的無飛邊鍛造也用這種壓力機(jī)來完成。由于壓力機(jī)在使用上萬能性較大，并且有結(jié)構(gòu)、安裝、操縱及輔助設(shè)備簡單和價格低廉的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，因此在機(jī)械制造、汽車、拖拉機(jī)和航空等工業(yè)中的沖壓車間、鍛造車間及模鍛車間都廣泛采用，也可進(jìn)行沖裁和耐火材料的壓制工作。 1.4 多工位壓力機(jī) 多工位壓力機(jī)是先進(jìn)的壓力機(jī)設(shè)備，是多臺壓機(jī)的集成，一般由線頭單元、送料機(jī)構(gòu)、壓力機(jī)和線尾部分組成。最快節(jié)拍可達(dá)40次/分以上、可滿足高速自動化生產(chǎn)。線頭單元可分為拆垛單元、磁性皮帶及清洗、涂油設(shè)備等；送料機(jī)構(gòu)一般由送料雙臂組成；壓機(jī)一般分為多滑塊和單滑塊，根據(jù)不同需求進(jìn)行選擇，線尾部分一般由輸送皮帶構(gòu)成。 2.機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu) 　　壓力機(jī)由四部分組成：上壓式四立柱油壓機(jī)；組合控制機(jī)柜；電加熱系統(tǒng)和保溫裝置；模具輸送臺架。上述組成采用一體化設(shè)計，使之造型大方、美觀，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊 操作簡單可靠，維護(hù)方便。 2.1上壓式四立柱油壓機(jī) 　　壓機(jī)應(yīng)具有可靠的結(jié)構(gòu)剛度抗變形能力，液壓站上位置，壓排設(shè)置模具吊裝連接裝置，液壓站和壓排有可拆裝的防塵機(jī)蓋。工件能出方向為長度（3000）方向。技術(shù)參數(shù)如下：公稱壓力190T；有效工作臺面積3000×750 mm2；壓排運(yùn)動速度75~100 mm/s；最大開合距離550 mm（不含加熱板）；保壓時間8h（工件130℃）；壓機(jī)底座高度0.5~0.55m；壓排及底座的平面度0.2 mm；壓排底座壓合平均間隙≤0.25 mm（不小于10個測點(diǎn)）。 2.2加熱系統(tǒng) 　　加熱系統(tǒng)是由鋼制加熱板、加熱管、保溫層組成。加熱板分上下兩塊，分別與壓力機(jī)底座和壓排固定連接，并便于拆裝，加熱板用優(yōu)質(zhì)45#鋼調(diào)貢處理制成。在加熱板中放置電加熱管和熱電偶。熱電偶安置緊固可靠、拆卸方便。加熱板技術(shù)參數(shù)：平面尺寸3050×650 mm2；平面度0.2 mm ；測量點(diǎn)布置：上板3點(diǎn)；下板6點(diǎn)。加熱管外外殼材料為不銹鋼，工作電壓220V。 單邊出線，數(shù)量為3的倍數(shù)。電加熱管更換方便、可靠。接線處有保護(hù)裝置。保溫層設(shè)置在加熱板和底座（或壓排）之間，加熱板四周有設(shè)置保溫側(cè)板 應(yīng)選用隔熱性能好的材料制作，平面尺寸與加熱板相當(dāng)，厚度不小于20毫米。 2.3控制機(jī)柜 機(jī)柜式壓力機(jī)動作和溫度的組合柜。機(jī)柜面板上儀表及開關(guān)；電源開關(guān)，指示燈，電壓表，電流表；壓力機(jī)動作按鈕及指示燈；壓力指示儀表；加熱開關(guān)及指示燈；數(shù)顯溫度調(diào)節(jié)儀（精度±1℃）；保溫計時器，超溫警報器；最大使用溫度180℃；升溫速率1.7℃~2.5℃/min；溫度不均勻性±3℃，各相電源的加熱功率均衡；溫度調(diào)節(jié)儀對相應(yīng)測溫區(qū)域?qū)崟r控制，當(dāng)全部達(dá)到設(shè)定值±3℃時，計時器計時，達(dá)到設(shè)定時間后，控溫系統(tǒng)能按工藝設(shè)定值自動加溫或斷電。 2.4模具輸送架 　　臺架為一個上部裝有滾輸?shù)慕Y(jié)構(gòu)，一端與壓力機(jī)底座相連（可拆卸），一端放置在地面上（可調(diào)節(jié)高度）。承載能力3T；高度滾輸上表面與下加熱板齊平；平面尺寸（2800~2900）×750mm2（可用部分）；隔溫板放在壓力機(jī)壓排與底座四周，以減少模具加溫過程中的熱量損失，用鋁板（或不銹鋼板）和保溫材料制成。為便于安放可分成數(shù)塊。 3.機(jī)械原理 　　壓力機(jī)通常由電動機(jī)通過摩擦盤帶動飛輪輪緣而使飛輪旋轉(zhuǎn)，所以這種壓力機(jī)又稱摩擦壓力機(jī)，中國最大的摩擦壓力機(jī)為25兆牛。更大規(guī)格的壓力機(jī)用液壓系統(tǒng)驅(qū)動飛輪，稱為液壓螺旋壓力機(jī)，最大規(guī)格的有125兆牛。后來又出現(xiàn)用電機(jī)直接驅(qū)動飛輪的電動壓力機(jī)，它的結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，傳動環(huán)節(jié)少，由于換向頻繁，對控制電器要求較高，并需要特殊電機(jī)。 　　旋壓力機(jī)無固定下死點(diǎn)，對較大的模鍛件，可以多次打擊成形，可以進(jìn)行單打、連打和寸動。打擊力與工件的變形量有關(guān)，變形大時打擊力小，變形?。ㄈ缋鋼簦r打擊力大。在這些方面，它與鍛錘相似。但它的滑塊速度低（約0.5米/秒，僅為鍛錘的1/10），打擊力通過機(jī)架封閉，故工作平穩(wěn)，振動比鍛錘小得多，不需要很大的基礎(chǔ)。壓力機(jī)裝有打滑保險機(jī)構(gòu)，將最大打擊力限制在公稱壓力的2倍以內(nèi)，以保護(hù)設(shè)備安全。 　　壓力機(jī)的下部都裝有鍛件頂出裝置。螺旋壓力機(jī)兼有模鍛錘、機(jī)械壓力機(jī)等多種鍛壓機(jī)械的作用，萬能性強(qiáng)，可用于模鍛、沖裁、拉深等工藝。此外，螺旋壓力機(jī)，特別是摩擦壓力機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，制造容易，所以應(yīng)用廣泛。螺旋壓力機(jī)的缺點(diǎn)是生產(chǎn)率和機(jī)械效率較低。 4.機(jī)械使用 　　不恰當(dāng)?shù)膲毫C(jī)操作或沖壓模設(shè)置式導(dǎo)致壓力機(jī)損壞及停機(jī)的首要原因。適當(dāng)?shù)嘏嘤?xùn)壓力機(jī)操作員以及沖壓模設(shè)置者可以確保他們按照正確的流程進(jìn)行操作。這將能很快減少停機(jī)時間。 　　每班操作前向操縱器各點(diǎn)制動器轉(zhuǎn)軸加注潤滑油，桿球頭等處每日班前用油槍加注20—30號機(jī)械油適量，離合器部位每天班前用機(jī)油槍壓注潤滑油一次。每班停機(jī)前對機(jī)器進(jìn)行清掃。 　　檢查緊固件，補(bǔ)齊外部缺件。檢查離合器和彈簧、皮帶。檢查機(jī)床各潤滑裝置。檢查電氣線路破損、老化，電機(jī)、電磁鐵是否正常。檢查曲軸導(dǎo)軌精度及磨損情況。檢查制動器、離合器、滑塊、關(guān)閉塊、關(guān)閉環(huán)。檢查電器控制部分。機(jī)身工作臺聯(lián)接螺栓檢測及調(diào)整。 　　根據(jù)壓力機(jī)不同機(jī)器種類和加工要求，制定有針對性、切實可行的安全操作規(guī)程，并進(jìn)行必要的崗位培訓(xùn)和安全教育。使用單位和操作者必須嚴(yán)格遵守設(shè)計制造單位提供的安全使用說明的規(guī)定和操作規(guī)程，正確地使用、檢修。壓力機(jī)一般安全操作要求如下： 　　動設(shè)備前，要檢查壓力機(jī)的操縱部分、離合器和制動器是否處于有效狀態(tài)，安全防護(hù)裝置是否完整好用，曲柄滑塊機(jī)構(gòu)各部有無異常。發(fā)現(xiàn)異常應(yīng)立即采取必要措施，不得帶病運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，嚴(yán)禁拆卸和損壞安全裝置。 正式作業(yè)前須經(jīng)空轉(zhuǎn)試車，確認(rèn)各部分正常后方可工作。開機(jī)前應(yīng)清理工作臺上一切不必要的物品，防止開車振落擊傷人或撞擊開關(guān)引起滑塊突然啟動。 操作必須使用工具，嚴(yán)禁用手直接伸進(jìn)?？谌∥?，手用工具不得放在模具上。 　　在?？趨^(qū)調(diào)整工件位置或揭取卡在模內(nèi)的工件時，腳必須離開腳踏板。多人操作同一臺壓力機(jī)應(yīng)有統(tǒng)一指揮，信號清晰，待對方作出明確應(yīng)答，并確認(rèn)離開危險區(qū)再動作。突然停電或操作完畢應(yīng)關(guān)閉電源，并將操縱器恢復(fù)到離合器空擋，制動器處在制動狀態(tài)。對壓力機(jī)進(jìn)行檢修、調(diào)整以及在安裝、調(diào)整、拆卸模具時，應(yīng)在機(jī)床斷開能源（如電、氣、液）、機(jī)床停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的情況下進(jìn)行，并在滑塊下加放墊塊可靠支護(hù)。機(jī)床啟動開關(guān)處掛牌通告警示。 5.機(jī)械維護(hù) 5.1 在維修過程中注意安全 　　確保正確進(jìn)行鎖緊/打開流程以保證維修人員的安全，確保在對進(jìn)行制動器維護(hù)工作之前將套筒置于行程的最底部。如果這樣做了，就無需再鎖住套筒了。 5.2 維護(hù)過程 　　使壓力機(jī)操作員加入到維護(hù)壓力機(jī)的過程中來能使他們在出現(xiàn)問題時隨時提醒維護(hù)或管理人員。他們每天都進(jìn)行壓力機(jī)的操作，因而能夠更容易聽到或看到問題的征兆。正如每天駕駛同一部汽車，就能在第一時間注意到異常的聲響，這對于操作員來說也一樣。 5.3 車間環(huán)境控制 　　一臺干凈的壓力機(jī)能使操作者或維護(hù)人員在問題發(fā)生時就能很快發(fā)現(xiàn)。比如漏油，漏氣，斷裂等等，如果壓力機(jī)是清潔的，那么很簡單就能找出其位置。 5.4 確保壓力機(jī)處于平衡位置 　　得到精密平衡的壓力機(jī)能夠更好地工作，因而最好每年進(jìn)行一次檢查。氣動系統(tǒng)擔(dān)負(fù)著氣動制動器和平衡系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，需要檢查是否存在氣體泄漏，因為部恰當(dāng)?shù)臍鈮耗苡绊懼苿悠骷捌胶庀到y(tǒng)的性能，而他們控制著壓力機(jī)的停止時間，一旦出現(xiàn)問題將會使操作者和設(shè)備陷入危險。此外，所有的氣動系統(tǒng)都有調(diào)節(jié)器，潤滑器和儲水器。在氣體管線中積累的水，應(yīng)該每天排除. 5.5 一段時間更換潤滑油和濾網(wǎng) 　　對壓力機(jī)潤滑系統(tǒng)不適當(dāng)?shù)木S護(hù)也是發(fā)生壓力機(jī)停機(jī)的主要原因之一，出于一些原因，許多壓力機(jī)操作員在對配有帶濾網(wǎng)的循環(huán)油料系統(tǒng)操作時不定期更換濾網(wǎng)。應(yīng)該確保在更換油料的同時更換濾網(wǎng)，平時也需經(jīng)常更換。 5.6 機(jī)械壓力機(jī)維護(hù)的關(guān)鍵 　　對于一項機(jī)械壓力機(jī)日常維護(hù)項目來說，哪方面是最重要的呢？答案是操作員。所有的壓力機(jī)維護(hù)及問題查找到開始于操作員，操作員經(jīng)常能夠很早地發(fā)現(xiàn)壓力機(jī)的問題，防止對壓力機(jī)部件產(chǎn)生的重大，持續(xù)破壞。操作員能夠通過注意壓力機(jī)發(fā)出的奇怪聲響；不正常的溫升，煙霧，某些部分出現(xiàn)的碎屑或金屬顆粒；以及泄漏的管線發(fā)現(xiàn)其問題。每天操作員應(yīng)該自問一些問題，通過檢查后記錄回答，從而保持長期的維護(hù)記錄。 6 安裝方法 　　用戶將壓力機(jī)運(yùn)到安裝地點(diǎn)后，打開包裝箱，然后根據(jù)說明書來進(jìn)行安裝工作，將壓力機(jī)放在已打好的水泥地基上，用水平儀在機(jī)身工作臺上左右前后進(jìn)行檢驗，水平度要求每1 000 毫米的長度上允許0 . 20 毫米，如有不平用料鐵進(jìn)行調(diào)整，直到符合要求為止。地基圖見圖十。待水泥凝固后，應(yīng)均勻的擰緊地腳螺打螺經(jīng)理（M24 ) ，用水平儀檢查機(jī)身工作臺的水平度，壓力機(jī)必須在基礎(chǔ)徹底凝固才能開始工作。壓力機(jī)安裝完畢后，應(yīng)仔細(xì)地用煤油將壓力機(jī)加工表面上的銹油洗去 煤油不要落在油漆表面上，以免油漆受損。應(yīng)小心的將凸肩和凹陷處清洗干凈，清洗后用棉紗擦干，涂上一層薄薄的潤滑油。并檢查各潤滑孔是否暢通，不得堵塞現(xiàn)象。安好后，壓力機(jī)應(yīng)裝上可靠的接地線