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北京化工大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 四輪汽車的轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計 摘要：本文剛開始介紹了汽車的發(fā)展歷史，以及它發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀，然后指出本文有要研究的內(nèi)容是汽車的轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計。首先要確定轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計的方案，同時通過不同的轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)組成部分的組合，設(shè)計出一種新的汽車轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)。在轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)中采用循環(huán)球式轉(zhuǎn)向器使滑動摩擦轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闈L動摩擦，從而具有較高的傳動效率，同時使用壽命還大大增強(qiáng)，但它也有制造困難，機(jī)構(gòu)復(fù)雜等缺點。 本文重點設(shè)計了循環(huán)球式轉(zhuǎn)向器，并對轉(zhuǎn)向器零件強(qiáng)度、剛度進(jìn)行了校核，同時還對轉(zhuǎn)向系計算載荷進(jìn)行確定，同樣也對所設(shè)計的轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了分析和研究，同時還提出了轉(zhuǎn)向系容易出的一般故障及解決方法。 關(guān)鍵詞： 轉(zhuǎn)向系；轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)；循環(huán)球式轉(zhuǎn)向器 The design of automobile steering system Abstract：This paper firstly introduced the development of automobile,then automobile steering system was pointed out the content of this paper.In order to design the automobile steering machine,so many datas should be lookupped.The new automobile steering machine designed in this paper is a combination of all kinds of parts. Because of used the cycle-ball steering gear,the automobile steering machine has very high of efficiency,although it is not easy to manufacture and very precious. The focus of this paper is the design of the cycle-ball steering gear as well as steering gear parts strength and Stiffness calculated cooperation with the standard.Of course the analyse of the automobile steering machine is also introduced in this paper as well as some troubles of automobile steering machine, and the methods to solve these troubles. Keywords: automobile steering machine；cycle-ball steering gear 前言 從第一輛汽車發(fā)明到現(xiàn)在以來，它已經(jīng)走過了風(fēng)風(fēng)雨雨的一百多年。從卡爾.本茨造出的第一輛三輪汽車開始每小時18公里的速度到現(xiàn)在從零加速到一百只要三秒多鐘，由此可見汽車的發(fā)展是巨大的。通用、福特、豐田和本田等這些著名的公司現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為大家耳熟能詳?shù)拿?。如今汽車的發(fā)展更是日新月異，一個多世紀(jì)以來，世界汽車業(yè)已如同一棵樹木一樣從幼苗長成了參天大樹。汽車的各項技術(shù)也像樹木一樣已從樹干發(fā)展到枝葉。在安全性方面，自1902年美國貝克工程師在紐約汽車競賽中最早使用汽車安全帶到現(xiàn)在，汽車的主動安全裝置包括自動防抱死裝置ABS、電子眼、全球定位系統(tǒng)GPS等，被動安全裝置包括安全帶、安全氣囊、安全氣簾等。在發(fā)動機(jī)方面，從最初的單缸到多缸，從化油器到燃油電子噴射、從往復(fù)式到轉(zhuǎn)子式。隨著科技的進(jìn)步，各種新的技術(shù)還會源源不斷地應(yīng)用到汽車上，包括最新發(fā)展的油-電混合動力技術(shù)和燃料電池技術(shù)。進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)后，轎車主體發(fā)展趨勢將是系列化、輕量化、小型化、電子化、柴油化。 現(xiàn)在由于環(huán)境的因素，對汽車的環(huán)保要求也越來越高，為此近年來汽車業(yè)界一直在致力于開發(fā)油-電混合動力車和氫燃料電池車。其中較為領(lǐng)先的有日本豐田和本田、美國通用及戴-克集團(tuán)等。氫燃料電池被稱為“零污染”電池，由氫和氧發(fā)生反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生能量，副產(chǎn)品只有水。目前，氫的來源一般是天然氣和沼氣。此外，可以通過電解水將氫和氧分離而提取氫。而電能則可以通過煤燃燒或核反應(yīng)堆來產(chǎn)生。 汽車通常是由發(fā)動機(jī)、車身、電氣設(shè)備、底盤等四部分組成。發(fā)動機(jī)是使供入其中的燃料燃燒而發(fā)出動力，也就是為汽車提供動力。車身是駕駛員工作地場所，也是裝載乘客和貨物地場所。車身應(yīng)為駕駛員提供方便地操作條件，以及為乘客提供舒適安全地環(huán)境或保證貨物完好無損。電氣設(shè)備由電源組、發(fā)動機(jī)起動系和點火系、汽車照明和信號裝置組成。此外，在現(xiàn)代汽車上愈來愈多地裝用了各種電子設(shè)備：微處理機(jī)、中央計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)及各種人工智能裝置等，顯著提高了汽車的性能。底盤它包括傳動系，行駛系，轉(zhuǎn)向系，制動裝置。 轉(zhuǎn)向系作為汽車底盤的組成部分之一，由此可以看出那它的作用是顯而易見的，在本文的以下內(nèi)容中將重點介紹汽車轉(zhuǎn)向系的組成，設(shè)計以及它的分析。圖1為汽車的一個基本轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)。 圖1 汽車轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu) 4 誠信申明 本人申明： 我所呈交的本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計論文是本人在導(dǎo)師的指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。盡我所知，除了文中特別加以標(biāo)注和致謝中所羅列的內(nèi)容以外，論文中不包含其他人以及發(fā)表或撰寫過的研究成果。與我一同工作的同志對本研究所做的任何貢獻(xiàn)均已在論文中作了明確的說明并表示了謝意。本人完全意識到本申明的法律結(jié)果由本人承擔(dān)。 申請學(xué)位論文與資料若有不實之處，本人承擔(dān)一切相關(guān)責(zé)任。 本人簽名： 2007年6月5日 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