喜歡這套資料就充值下載吧。。。資源目錄里展示的都可在線預覽哦。。。下載后都有，，請放心下載，，文件全都包含在內(nèi)，，【有疑問咨詢QQ:414951605 或 1304139763】 ========================================== 喜歡這套資料就充值下載吧。。。資源目錄里展示的都可在線預覽哦。。。下載后都有，，請放心下載，，文件全都包含在內(nèi)，，【有疑問咨詢QQ:414951605 或 1304139763】 ==========================================

Virtual Manufacturing What is Virtual Manufacturring Virtual manufacturing(VM) is an integrated, synthetic manufacturing environment exercised to enhance all leveles of decision and control in a manufaceturing enterprise. VM can be described as a simulated model of the actual manufacturing setup which may or may not exist. It holds all the information relating to the process , the process control and management and product specific data. It is also possible to have part of the manufacturing plant be real and the other part virtual . Virtual manufacturing is the use of computer models and simulations of manufacturing process to aid in design and production of manufactured products. Lawrence Associate[1996], have identified three different types of Virtual Manufacturing paradigms that use Virtual Reality technology to provide the integrated environment. (1)Design-centered VM: provides designers with the tools to design products that meet design criteria such as design for X (2)Production-centered VM: provides the means develop and analyse alternative production the process plans; (3)Control-centered VM: allows the evaluation of product design, production plans, and control strategy and a means to iteratively to improve all of them through the simulation of the control process. What is the Significance of VM VM aims at providing an integrated environment for a number of isolated manufacturing technologies such as Computer Aided Design , Computer Aided Manufacturing, and Computer Aided Process Planning, thus allowing multiple users to concurrently carry out all or some of these functions without the need for being physically close to each other. For example, a process planning engineer and a manufacturing engineer can evaluate and provide feedback to a product designer, who may be physically located in another state or country, at the same time as the design is being conceived. Another important contribution of VM is Virtual Engerprise(VE). Lin et al[1995] defined a Virtual Enterprise as “rapidly configured multi-disciplinary network of small, process specific firms configured to meet a window of opportunity to design and produce a specific product.” Using this techonology, a group of people , or corporations can pool their expertise and resources and capitalize a market opportunity, by sharing informatiion in a VM environment. The principal advantage of this technology is its ability to provide a multi-media envirnoment , enhancing communication at all levels in a product’s life cycle. Application of VM Application of VM encompass the entire life cycle of a product. Reported developments include a virtual space decision support system by Imamura and Nomural[1994] at the Matsushita company in Japan. This system applied towards the marketing and sales of kitchen furniture, allows customers to experience a kitchen environment and evaluate alternatives and select the best combination according to preferences. Their preferences are stored as drawings and subsequently transferred to the company’s production facilities. Owen[1994] presented the work implemented at John Deere Company’s production facility, that used Virtual Manufacturing for the installation of an arc welding production system. The project involved using a Virtual 3-D environment for design, evaluation, and testing of the robotic production system. Part of the work was carried out at John Deere facility’s while part of it was done by Genesis System and Technomatrix Technologies. The VM approach helped shorten the design-to-manufacturing cycle-time. DuPont[1994] presented an overview of Virtual Reality applications, and reported about Virtual prototyping being carried out at the Coventty School of Art and Design. These virtual prototypes are constructed in a computer at the beginning of the design process and allow the designer to perform tests on the virtual prototype such as a car beforehand, by walking around or through the design, examine its performance on a virtual road , sit in the driver’s seat , and check view lines, etc. Also reported were VM applications such as the virtual concurrent design and assembly of a landing gear, and simulation of side-impact collision to test vehicle safety. Kim et al.[1994] also reported VR applications including the use of VM by designers at Boeing Aircraft Company for the ergonomic evaluation of their airplane designs for operation as well as maintenance. Another study used a VM environment to train robots. An operator’s movements were recognized, interpreted and stored in the form of robotic movement command. Shenai described the Virtual Wafer Fabrication(VWF) infratructure which provided an framework for the optimization of the key process and design variables in the development of application specific semi-conductor devices. Other application areas discussed in Larijani[1994] include machine-vision applications for diagnosis, fault detection , inspection and preventive maintenance, safety and maintenance training, ergonomic analysis. For example , new cab or shovel configurations for each Caterpillar moving equipment are tested by real drivers for possible imbalances while handling virtual bulldozers and turcks. 虛擬制造技術 什么是虛擬制造技術 虛擬制造是人們使用的一種高度集成化的、虛擬的生產(chǎn)環(huán)境，其目的是為了增強制造業(yè)的各種決策和控制力。在現(xiàn)實生活中，人們把虛擬制造技術描述成一個可存在或可不存在的實際生產(chǎn)機構的仿真模型。該模型包含了所有與生產(chǎn)過程、生產(chǎn)過程控制管理和產(chǎn)品詳細數(shù)據(jù)有關的信息；同時它也可能包含部分實際上存在或不存在的有關生產(chǎn)企業(yè)的信息。虛擬制造技術通過使用計算機模型來模擬生產(chǎn)過程， 以達到產(chǎn)品設計與之招商有所幫助的目的。 1996年Lawrence Associate吧虛擬制造技術（該技術利用虛擬現(xiàn)實技術來提供集成環(huán)境的）分成3種不同的模式。 (1)以設計為中心的虛擬制造。該技術的特點是向設計者提供適當?shù)墓ぞ邅碓O計不同的產(chǎn)品。 (2)以生產(chǎn)為中心的虛擬制造。該技術的特點是向生產(chǎn)決策者提供一定的方法來分析、研究待選擇的生產(chǎn)加工計劃。 (3)以控制為中心的虛擬制造。該技術的特點是允許生產(chǎn)設計管理人員對產(chǎn)品設計、生產(chǎn)計劃和控制決策進行評估，同時也允許生產(chǎn)設計管理人員采用對控制過程進行摸你的方法對產(chǎn)品設計、生產(chǎn)計劃和控制覺車進行不斷的改進。 虛擬制造技術的意義 虛擬制造技術的目的是向許多獨立的制造技術提供一個集成化環(huán)境。這些技術包括計算機輔助設計、制造和過程規(guī)劃。在這個虛擬制造的成環(huán)境中，有多種應用目的的用戶無需將上述各技術緊密結合，就可完成部分甚至所有的任務。例如，一個生產(chǎn)過程的計劃工程師和一個制造工程師能夠?qū)ιa(chǎn)過程進行評估，并且可以將評估的結果反饋給住在異地的產(chǎn)品設計工程師，由他對產(chǎn)品進行改進設計。 虛擬制造技術的另外一個重要貢獻是虛擬企業(yè)。1995年Lin et al.把虛擬企業(yè)定義成快速構造的小型專業(yè)公司的多學科聯(lián)合。構造該企業(yè)的目的是完成某種專門產(chǎn)品的設計和生產(chǎn)。通過分享虛擬制造環(huán)境中的信息資源，許多人和公司借助該技術科共享它們之間的相關技術、資源和有利的市場機會。因此，虛擬制造技術的主要優(yōu)點是能夠向用戶提供一個擁有多種媒體的虛擬環(huán)境，加強了產(chǎn)品循環(huán)周期各個層次的信息交流。 虛擬制造技術的應用 在實際應用過程中，虛擬制造技術往往貫穿產(chǎn)品的整個生命周期，比如，1994年日本Matsushita公司的Imamura和Nomura的一項研究成果中包括了一個可視化的空間決策系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)主要應用于廚具銷售領域。它首先允許顧客去感受某種廚房環(huán)境，然后由顧客對這些廚具進行比較，最后根據(jù)他們自己的喜好選擇出最好的組合。當然，這些顧客的喜好會被記錄起來，然后反饋給公司的生產(chǎn)機構。 Owen在1994年向公眾介紹了John Deere公司生產(chǎn)部門所完成的一項研究成果，該成果利用虛擬制造技術實現(xiàn)了某種生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)的安裝過程。該項成果包括運用虛擬三維技術來設計、 評估和測試機器人生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)。在這項成果的研制過程中，有一些工作由John Deere公司完成的，而另外一些工作由Genesis系統(tǒng)和Technomatrix技術公司完成.此項虛擬制造技術的運用對于縮短該產(chǎn)品的設計-生產(chǎn)周期起了一定的作用。 1994年DuPont對虛擬現(xiàn)實技術的應用做了總的介紹，同時他對英國的Coventry藝術與設計學院完成的虛擬樣機進行了報道。這些虛擬樣機剛開始是在計算機中構造完成的，這使得設計者可以在計算機上預先對它們（例如汽車）進行一些方面的測試。通過在計算機上運行這些虛擬樣機，設計者可以對汽車在虛擬道路上的行駛性能、駕駛員坐在駕駛室的舒適程度及其開車時的視野狀況等方面做一定的測試和檢查。另外，虛擬制造技術還可應用在虛擬并行設計，飛機起落架的虛擬裝配合和檢測汽車碰撞性能的仿真等方面。 Kim et al.在1994年也報道了一些虛擬現(xiàn)實技術運用的實例，其中包括波音飛機公司的設計師們利用虛擬制造技術對所設計的飛機在操作和維護方面所做的一些有關飛機對環(huán)境影響方面的評估。另一個有關虛擬現(xiàn)實技術的運用實例是利用虛擬制造技術的環(huán)境訓練機器人，即以機器人運動指令的形式對操作者的行為進行識別、解釋并最終儲存起來。Shennai描述了虛擬制造技術在膠片結構制作方面的應用（該技術被稱為虛擬膠片構造技術）。該技術為特殊半導體在研制過程中的主要工藝和設計變量的優(yōu)化提供了一定的方法。1994年Larijani還介紹了其他有關虛擬制造技術應用方面的實例，主要包括虛擬可視化技術在機器的故障診斷、故障檢測、檢查預防性維護、安全和維護培訓及環(huán)境分析設計方面的應用。比如，Caterpillar公司的每一輛汽車和推土機均由實際駕駛人員通過在計算機上操作虛擬推土機和汽車，來檢測它們在實際運行過程中可能出現(xiàn)的不平衡的問題。 出處：趙運才﹒機電工程專業(yè)英語﹒北京大學出版社﹒2006